1、专业英语八级（作文）-试卷72及答案解析 (总分：10.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.PART V WRITING（分数：2.00）_2.Some people think that financial disparity affects friendship. What do you think? The following article is discussing this issue. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summariz
2、e briefly the main opinion of the article; 2. give your comment. How Income Disparities Affect Your Friendships When people with money are friends with people of modest means the disparities dont typically end with the bank accounts. One person in the friendship often feels less comfortable than the
3、 other, and it tends to be the one with less moneythe friend who cant afford to join the group at the restaurant or go on the weekend trip, the one whose share may be paid for by the others. It doesnt disturb the rich ones to pay, says Horst Heidbrink, a psychology lecturer at the distance-learning
4、University of Hagen. The rich person thinks theyre being caring. But the poorer person feels under pressure to be particularly nice. But a lack of balance puts pressure on many friendships. Aristotelian ethics would suggest dealing with the imbalance with increased devotion by the friend with less.
5、Friendship expert Horst Heidbrink says he wouldnt recommend this, but his research has shown him that the give and take between friends has to be balanced. Friendships between rich and poor people are not as unusual as one might think. In a recent study by the Bremen-based Allensbach Institute, 1,62
6、4 people of different ages were asked about their friendships. Forty-four percent of respondents said they had friends who were considerably better off than they were. And 41% said they were friends with people who were considerably less well off than they were. And yet that old saying to the effect
7、 that money issues can put an end to friendship still holds for many. According to the study, friends helped each other out with moving house and renovation work, offered an ear when needed and doled out advice. But only 10% ever accepted significant loans from their richer friends. Many people beli
8、eve that borrowing money would weigh the friendship down, Heidbrink says. Most people would rather go to their parents because family relationships dont depend on symmetry as much as friendships do. Nevertheless, he says, A good friendship can also withstand a credit. Although friendships between me
9、n and women are vulnerable because they are defined by different activities. With their male friends, men play sports, for example, while women and their girlfriends often just talk when they get together. Thats where it gets harder to leave out financial situations, and theres more comparing, says
10、Heidbrink. On the other hand, when two guys play soccer together, its not an issue if one returns to a villa and the other to a low-rent apartment What counts is trust, Heidbrink says. When trust isnt justifiedwhen a friend refuses to help or betrays confidencesthen friendships fall apart. They dont
11、 fall apart because one person has a lot of money in the bank and the other doesnt. If the less well-off dont suffer from jealousy or envy, and the better-off dont take it too much to heart if their best friend cant join them on that spa trip, theres a good chance of a successful friendship.（分数：2.00
12、）_3.So far, only 14 countries in the world have laws on the books specifically giving homosexual couples the right to adopt children. A few other countries, like Finland and Iceland, allow one partner in a same-sex union to adopt the others biological child. The majority of countries in the world, t
13、hough, have laws specifically prohibiting adoption by same-sex couples. The following are viewpoints on whether homosexual couples should have adoption rights. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions; 2. give your comment.James Madison from
14、the UK There are still many ways for homosexuals to become parents. Some of them are able to pay for a surrogate; some may have a natural child from a previous (heterosexual) relationship and then raise the child with a homosexual partner. These kids deserve the security of two legally recognized pa
15、rents. If being raised by same-sex parents is really that harmful, why would the law allow two gay people to raise a child together as parents but refuse to legally recognize them as such?He Yong from China The focus of this debate should not be on gay rights, but on what is in the best interest of
16、the adopted child. The adoption process goal is to find the most suitable parents for that child, not to resolve other social inequalities and injustices. Being raised in a traditional family, by a mother and father, is the best environment for a child. Studies have shown that children who are raise
17、d by homosexual couples can have problems with substance abuse, violence and at risk behaviour. Therefore the government has the obligation to try to provide the child with that environment.Lisa Belkin from Finland Children raised by gay or lesbian couples will find it more difficult to learn approp
18、riate gender roles in the absence of male or female role-models. Although not an exact match single parents provide a similar case where there has not been someone of the other gender as a role model. Although the evidence is not nearly as conclusive as is often claimed, there have been many studies
19、 that have shown that two parents from different genders is beneficial to the child in its development Similarly it is often claimed that boys develop negative attitudes to study because there are very few male teachers in primary schools.John Schwartz from Germany Getting married and raising a fami
20、ly is considered in most societies one of the most important and fulfilling experiences one can aspire to. It is so important that it is considered a human right (Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights states Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home a
21、nd his correspondence.) It is considered so important for people to be able to become parents that some governments (the UK, for example) fund fertility treatments for couples who are reproductively challenged, and a majority of the population supports that policy. But members of the homosexual comm
22、unity are stopped from pursuing this human right by repressive and discriminatory laws.Benedict Carey from Canada Discrimination is the practice of treating people differently based not on individual merit but on their membership to a certain group. The adoption bans are a clear example. Rather than
23、 assessing same-sex couples individually, it is simply assumed that they would all make bad parents because they are gay or lesbian, while straight couples are assessed based on their individual merit. This breaches the fundamental right of all people to be treated equally under the law and it shoul
24、d be stopped.（分数：2.00）_4.Chinas top legislature has recently implemented an amendment to the Advertising Law that states minors under the age of 10 should not be advertising endorsers. According to the amendment, companies that use children under this age as spokespersons in advertisements will be f
25、ined. The following are opinions on whether it is proper to use children as endorsers. Read them carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the arguments on both sides; 2. give your comment.Ye Qingcheng (Beijing Times) Despite various bans
26、on child actors and actresses, they are always popular with the public because of their cuteness. Childhood, however, is supposed to be a period of time when children play and learn, and even if they are talented in acting, their talent should not be overused. Otherwise, they may end up paying for t
27、his lost time when they grow up. In this sense, a ban on childrens commercial endorsements really aims to protect minors from being negatively impacted by commercial activities. When a child has gained fame by acting in movies or in televised entertainment programs, he or she will be able to capital
28、ize on his or her reputation. A short commercial on TV can bring in a huge amount of money. Too much entertainment engagement may be more than a child can bear, psychologically and physically, but a hefty paycheck looks attractive to the childs family. In most cases, these child stars will be overly
29、 consumed. The proposed endorsement ban does not totally forbid children to act in commercials. They are banned only from playing the lead role and speaking for a certain product in their own names. Striking a balance between happy childhood and the demands of being a child star is a delicate balanc
30、ing act for parents and advertising agencies. We do hope that we can protect child stars growing years while the audience can still enjoy their excellent performances.Bian Guanghun (Yanzhao Metropolis Daily) Generally speaking, children under the age of 10 possess only a simple understanding of soci
31、al events. However, when they become advertising endorsers, they have to face events beyond their cognitive capacity. In most cases, they dont actually know how the products they speak for are used. They say and do what the businesses pay them to say and do. Therefore, its quite doubtful whether the
32、 products these child stars speak for are reliable or not. Some companies using child endorsers intend to mislead these endorsers peers. The products may not be as good as are exaggerated in advertisements. These businesses hope their products will impress other children when they see child stars ar
33、e using them. They will then ask their parents to buy this or that product for them.Ye Zhusheng (The Beijing News) Endorsing an advertisement does not necessarily violate minors rights and interests. Its thus improper to forbid all such commercial activities among children. The minors and their pare
34、nts should be given the right to decide whether to do the job after fully analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of being an advertising endorser. Otherwise, instead of protecting minors interests, the law will restrict their freedom and rights. Meanwhile, endorsements are usually conducted by c
35、elebrities. When it is stipulated by law that minors under the age of 10 should not be chosen as advertising endorsers, we dont know whether only well-known child stars are forbidden or ordinary children under this age are also in the category. Therefore, in the process of implementation, there migh
36、t be some specific problems.（分数：2.00）_5.There is undeniably a great deal of advertising currently which is aimed at children from toddlers to teenagers, promoting not only toys and sweets but also products such as food, drink, music, films and clothing. Increasingly this practice is coming under att
37、ack from parents organizations, politicians and pressure groups in many countries. Some countries have currently imposed national restrictions. The following are opinions on the advertising towards children. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the op
38、inions; 2. give your comment.James Rouse, lawmaker in the US Advertising specifically to children is unethical because they have little or no money of their own and have to persuade their parents to buy the products for them. Rather than advertising directly to parents, companies use this campaign t
39、hat leads to hostility between parents and children. They rely on pester power to make adults spend money they dont have on things they dont want to buy, and which their children may well only play with for a few hours for example. Advertising which presents products to children as must-have is also
40、 socially divisive, making children whose parents cannot afford them appear inferior, and creating feelings of frustration and inadequacy, as well as leading families into debt.Natasha Smith, British journalist Advertising has no magical power to create unnatural desires for material possessions, Ch
41、ildren who persistently nag are simply badly brought up. Poor parenting and undisciplined children cannot be solved by banning advertising, as children have many influences upon them which can stimulate their desires for toys, particularly their friends. It is also untrue that children have no spend
42、ing power of their own; many children receive pocket money, and teenagers are often able to earn a little themselves. Learning to manage money is also an important part of growing up, advertisements help assist children to not only choose what they would like but also motivates them to save and subs
43、equently to learn the true value of money.Robert Quinn, parent of a ten-year-old son, Australia Advertising aimed at children brings negative social consequences, as much of it is for food and drinks that are very unhealthy. It is estimated that in the US over $10 billion is spent annually advertisi
44、ng fast food towards children. Encouraging children to consume so much fatty, sugary and salty food is unethical because it creates obese, unhealthy youngsters, with bad eating habits that will be with them for life. Society also has to pay a high price in terms of the extra medical care such childr
45、en will eventually require, so the government has a direct interest in preventing advertisements which contribute to this problem.James OBarr, entrepreneur from the UK Children naturally like foods that are rich in fats, proteins and sugar, they give them the energy they need to play energetically a
46、nd grow healthily. It is true that eating only such foods is bad for people, but this is a problem of bad parenting rather than the fault of advertising. To suggest that the eating habits, good or bad, stay with children throughout the rest of their lives is ridiculous, when children become adults t
47、hey will for better or for worse make their own decisions. Also if advertising to children were banned then governments would not be able to use this means of promoting healthy eating, road safety, hygiene, and other socially useful messages.（分数：2.00）_专业英语八级（作文）-试卷72答案解析 (总分：10.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.PART V WRITING（分数：2.00）_解析：2.Some people think that financial disparity affects friendship. What do you think? The following article is discussing this issue. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the mai
