1、专业英语八级（作文）-试卷64及答案解析 (总分：10.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.PART V WRITING（分数：2.00）_2.Most major educational systems utilize some sort of standardized test for university admissions. The importance of these tests varies between countries. In China, the result of College Entrance Examination
2、almost solely determines university admission. It has been suggested that they encourage standardized test schools to teach to the test rather than focus on the installation of pure knowledge. The followings are opinions on whether standardized tests should be abolished. Write an article of NO LESS
3、THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the arguments; 2. give your comment on the issue.Wen Zhisa from Standardized tests are inherently arbitrary. They reduce an applicants entire academic career to a single one-day session. The result is an inherently unrepresentative test whic
4、h fails to paint an accurate picture. What if a student has a bad day? What if they do poorly on the specific test questions? By contrast, looking at their entire academic record ensures that admissions officers will get a far more comprehensive picture of their actual ability. The law of averages m
5、eans that bad days and tests will be balanced out with good ones, with the result that their academic record, the result of years of work, will reflect their true performance.Peng Xingting from Beijing Youth Daily Standardized tests are inherently in favour of high-income students. Tutoring is an in
6、dustry unto itself and the resulting rise in scores among high income students turns the scale against students whose families cannot afford it. By contrast, even if the money is available, the impact that tutoring can have on a students academic performance is limited. A tutor cannot write papers o
7、r take tests for them, and nor can they answer questions in class, or participate in sports or other extracurricular activities. As a consequence, eliminating easily tutored standardized tests helps even the playing field between richer and poorer students. In addition, the importance attached to su
8、ch tests leads to teachers actively teaching the test. The result is that many teachers, rather than instilling useful skills or providing a balanced curriculum, end up trying to focus on things that occur on given tests. This undermines the provision of education in the country.Wu Lihua from Zhuhai
9、 Evening News All measures applied during university admissions processes are arbitrary to one extent or another. Grades depend on the whims on individual instructors, curriculum choices, and school quality. Every single one of the flaws the proposition applies to the Gaokao or other standardized te
10、sts may well be true, but the fact is that they are true for everyone who takes them. Gaokao is the only part of the application to a university that every single applicant will likely have been taken, and therefore the only one where all applicants can be objectively compared.Xiao Shizi from Xinmin
11、 Evening News College Entrance Exams is mathematical and it is therefore possible to objectively evaluate them. They provide a benchmark of comparison across the whole education system in a way that any non-standardized assessment never could. This does not only benefit universities in providing an
12、objective measure to compare admissions candidates but it also gives the government statistics with which to measure the progress of schools. Any other form of assessment would mean switching to much more subjective factors. Traditionally such factors, such as extracurricular activities, volunteer w
13、ork, and even access to references are all more easily available to high income students. Opportunities may not even be offered in poorer school districts. Complaining that poorer and minority students do less well on the College Entrance Exam ignores the fact that the test provides one of their bes
14、t opportunities to impress admissions officials.（分数：2.00）_3.Plagiarism, meaning the undocumented use of another persons work, is the most serious offense in academia. Universities pursue plagiarising students, but in fact it is also a big problem among college faculties. The following news report gi
15、ves a general view of the phenomenon. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the article; 2. give your comment. When Plagiarism Is Academic This week at Durham University, professors are investigating whether a former dean of the business school is guil
16、ty of plagiarism. Professor Tony Antoniou resigned this month over allegations he copied the work of his peers for his DPhil thesis and a later journal article. He remains a professor of finance at the university.Meanwhile, at Wolverhampton University, lawyers are preparing for the tribunal of a sen
17、ior lecturer who is appealing against being dismissed for plagiarism. The cases we hear about are probably just the tip of the iceberg, say Jude Carroll, a plagiarism expert at Oxford Brookes University, and Mike Reddy, a member of the Plagiarism Advisory Service for universities, students and acade
18、mics. Probably is the word. No one actually knows the true scale of plagiarism among academics in the UK, or elsewhere. Scores of researchers have been funded to look into the numbers of students who may or may not have cheated on their coursework. But when it comes to their tutors, the plagiarism e
19、xperts will tell you not one research project comes to mind. Theres no proper research on this, says Reddy. And its time there was. Plagiarismthe taking and using as ones own of the thoughts, writings or inventions of another comes in many guises in the academic world. It might involve the straightf
20、orward stealing of a colleagues work or words. It could be self-plagiarism, where similar pieces of work are sent to various journals. It might involve using teaching materials without acknowledgement, stealing the work of postgraduate students, or insisting on co-authorship of a postgraduates paper
21、 without actually doing any of the work. Opinion is divided over whether it is easier or harder to do than in the past. Of course it is easier, says Carroll. The resources available are phenomenal. Staff at highly esteemed institutions, such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, have temptin
22、gly started to put all their lecture notes and teaching materials online, free for all to use. But its a moral judgment as to whether you acknowledge the author of those resources or notes or not, says Reddy. And that choice has always been there. Its become easier to track violations and there is m
23、uch evidence that many people are willing to invest the time to do that, says Don McCabe, from the Centre for Academic Integrity at Duke University in North Carolina. Fiona Duggan, of the Plagiarism Advisory Service, says there is now heightened awareness of the issue and more efficient detection. W
24、hat is not up for dispute is why academics, now more than ever, might cave in and commit the crime. The publish or perish environment of todays academia means youngand not so young academics can only scale the career ladder and build a reputation if they produce a certain number of papers in highly-
25、regarded publications each year. If you are expected to turn out six to eight papers a year, you cant exactly start from scratch each time, says Carroll.（分数：2.00）_4.Some local education commissions recently announced teachers who have accepted gifts or cash from students or their parents will be dis
26、qualified from applying for professional titles. The move seeks to further curb gift-giving by parents seeking more opportunities or individual attention for their children. The following article discusses related regulations. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summa
27、rize the article briefly, and then 2. express your opinion towards those regulations. It would be a shame for the education systemin fact, the nation as wholeif Teachers Day were to become a time for parents to wrack their brains thinking about what gifts to give teachers to ensure that their childr
28、en get special treatment or to prevent them from being discriminated against in class. To give or not to give gifts is a decision that puts huge pressure on parents whose children are in school. Several surveys conducted by Internet portals, forums and special survey agencies in recent years have in
29、dicated that a majority of Chinese parents had been haunted at least once by such a dilemma before Teachers Day. Apart from flowers, fruits, watches as well as expensive handbags, jewelry and shopping vouchers or cards, some parents have also gifted cash to teachers. A few wealthy parents have even
30、arranged overseas trips for teachers. Surveys, however, have also shown that some teachers do not enjoy the gifts they receive from students parents. Quite a few teachers who responded to surveys said they usually make a painful choice between accepting and declining a gift. Last year, some 10 well-
31、known elementary and middle schools used the Ministry of Educations website to appeal to teachers across the country to decline gifts from students and their parents. The appeal resonated strongly across educational institutions and was welcomed by many parents. Traditionally, teachers have always b
32、een held in high esteem in Chinese society. Most Chinese people still believe in the maxim, a teacher for a day is a father for a whole life. We have also long viewed teachers as engineers of the human soul and hardworking gardeners helping flowers blossom for the motherland. We also know that the n
33、ation cannot fulfill its aspiration of greatness without the selfless dedication of its teachers, who nurture talents from one generation to another. Therefore, the entire society should respect teachers. And indeed it is understandable and acceptable that students give a token gift to teachers to s
34、how their respect to and gratitude toward them. But the sacred relationship between teachers and students is soiled when students give gifts to teachers with some ulterior motivesto get favors or special treatment, for example. Many people desperately wanted the education authorities to take measure
35、s to check the commercialization of dealings between teachers and parents, and that is precisely what the Ministry of Education has done. But then the creation of a series of Internet technologies and means for giving and receiving gifts, such as e-vouchers and e-cards, and WeChat red packets, have
36、made the malpractice difficult to detect. So the education authorities, aside from passing rigorous regulations banning the malpractice, should also take stricter measures to improve the education system as a whole to ensure that there is no room for corruption.（分数：2.00）_5.Some educators believe the
37、 majors offered at higher education institutions should be based on social demands and graduates career prospect. However, others believe that a prospective employment rate is not the only measure by which to judge a degrees worth. For example, despite the difficulty of finding a job in many undergr
38、aduate programs, many programs, like philosophy and history, are still necessary in larger society. The following are two excerpts of opinions concerning this issue. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions and then 2. express your opinion to
39、wards the main determinant of college major setting.Excerpt 1 Market Needs First When planning to offer a new major, universities must first have sufficient educational resources, including qualified teaching staff and classroom equipment and space, to name but a few. Lately, quite a few universitie
40、s have added as many as 10 new majors to their ranks in just one year. Observers cant help worrying whether or not these schools are operating beyond their capabilities. Without a normal recruitment system for majors, outdated majors continue to recruit students. Similarly, when currently popular ma
41、jors become obsolete in several years time, students pursuing these degrees will find themselves in extremely difficult conditions in terms of job hunting. In most developed countries, colleges have to take market needs into account, and they are also under strict management by education authorities
42、, which provide information on employment prospects and thus guide the programs on offer. Sometimes companies cooperate with universities in terms of student recruitment and internship or job opportunities. On occasion, students are even allowed to submit suggestions for majors or coursework. In Chi
43、na, universities tend to have the final say on degrees and their curricula, and this detachment from market needs has inevitably resulted in high unemployment rates in specific areas.Excerpt 2 Wide-Ranging Education When college graduates are faced with the ever-growing pressures of employment, its
44、necessary to adjust how undergraduate degree programs are designed in order to make job-hunting easier for students. However, this does not mean that universities are right to rush in the opposite direction, suddenly offering several new majors that enjoy high employment rates. Low employment prospe
45、cts among college graduates can be attributed to two things: expanding student recruitment efforts over the last decade and structural problems in the labor market. Even with the majors that are most saleable in the job hunt, employment rates will not always necessarily be ideal. Labor surpluses exi
46、st everywhere, most especially in cases of increasing numbers of students flocking to oversubscribed programs that promise better chances of employment. No matter how favorable a degree is in the labor market, when so many people are competing for jobs, any major can come to carry a major risk of un
47、employment. Its improper for universities to expand recruitment by offering dead-end degrees and misleading students about employment prospects. However, its also improper to judge a degree track simply by its expected employment rate. Actually, many majors and training programs in universities sile
48、ntly contribute to social progress despite their graduates not enjoying promising career paths. If schools suddenly stopped recruiting students for these degrees just because employment prospects are low, the damage done to society in the long term would be immeasurable.（分数：2.00）_专业英语八级（作文）-试卷64答案解析 (总分：10.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：5，分数：10.
