1、专业英语八级37及答案解析 (总分：76.99，做题时间：130分钟)一、PART I LISTENING (总题数：1，分数：1.00)On Public Speaking When people are asked to give a speech in public for the first time, they usually feel terrified no matter how well they speak in informal situations. In fact, public speaking is the same as any other form of【1】t
2、hat people are usually engaged in. Public speaking is a way for a speaker to【2】his thoughts with the audience. Moreover, the speaker is free to decide on the【3】of his speech. Two key points to achieve success in public speaking: 【4】of the subject matter. good preparation of the speech. To facilitate
3、 their understanding, inform your audience before hand of the【5】of your speech and end it with a summary. Other key points to bear in mind: beware of your audience through eye contact. vary the speed of【6】 use the microphone skillfully to【7】yourself in speech. be brief in speech; always try to make
4、your message【8】. Example: the best remembered inaugural speeches of the US presidents are the【9】ones. Therefore brevity is essential to the【10】of a speech. （分数：1.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_二、SECTION B INTERVI(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).Employees in the US are paid for thei
5、r time. This means that they are supposed to （分数：0.20）A.work hard while their boss is around.B.come to work when there is work to be done.C.work with initiative and willingness.D.work through their lunch break.(2).One of the advantages of flexible working hours is that（分数：0.20）A.pressure from work c
6、an be reduced.B.working women can have more time at home.C.traffic and commuting problems can be solved.D.personal relationships in offices can be improved.(3).On the issue of working contracts in the US, which statement is NOT correct?（分数：0.20）A.Performance at work matters more than anything else.B
7、.There are laws protecting employees working rights.C.Good reasons must be provided in order to fire workers.D.Working contracts in the US are mostly short-term ones.(4).It can be assumed from the interview that an informal atmosphere might be found in（分数：0.20）A.small firms.B.major banks.C.big corpo
8、rations.D.law offices.(5).The interview is mainly about _ in the USA.（分数：0.20）A.office hierarchiesB.office conditionsC.office rules.D.office life.三、SECTION C NEWS BR(总题数：2，分数：1.00)(1).John Edwards believes that it is of utmost importance _（分数：0.25）A.for him to condemn Bush administration for its bad
9、 policyB.for him to develop a right guideline for DemocratsC.for him to help his wife recover from illnessD.for him to be prepared for running for president in 2008(2).Dean is_.（分数：0.25）A.the chairman of Democratic National CommitteeB.the chairman of Republican National CommitteeC.the spokesman of D
10、emocratic National CommitteeD.the spokesman of Republican National Committee1.As a result of the agreement, the two countries arsenals are to be （分数：0.50）A.upgraded in reliability and safety.B.reduced in size and number.C.dismantled partly later this year.D.maintained in their present conditions.四、P
11、ART II GENERAL K(总题数：10，分数：10.00)2.The Declaration of Independence was written by_.（分数：1.00）A.Thomas Jefferson.B.George Washington.C.Alexander Hamilton.D.James Madison.3. The President during the American Civil War was_.（分数：1.00）A.Andrew Jackson.B.Abraham Lincoln.C.Thomas Jefferson.D.George Washingt
12、on.4.The word tail once referred to the the tail of a horse, but now it is used to mean the tail of any animal. This is an example of_.（分数：1.00）A.widening of meaning.B.narrowing of meaning.C.meaning shift.D.loss of meaning.5.The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the f
13、ollowing tribes respectively EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.the Anglos.B.the Celts.C.the Jutes.D.the Saxons.6. The novel Emma is written by_.（分数：1.00）A.Mary Shelley.B.Charlotte Bronte.C.Elizabeth C. Gaskell.D.Jane Austen.7. _is the state church in England.（分数：1.00）A.The Roman Catholic ChurchB.The Baptist Church
14、C.The Protestant ChurchD.The Church of England8. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of_.（分数：1.00）A.the Shadow Cabinet.B.the Parliament.C.the Opposition.D.the Cabinet.9. The distinction between parole and langue was made by_.（分数：1.00）A.Halliday.B.Chomsky.C.Bloomfield.D.Saussure.10. The words kid,
15、child, offspring are examples of_.（分数：1.00）A.dialectal synonyms.B.stylistic synonyms.C.emotive synonyms.D.collocational synonyms.11. Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?（分数：1.00）A.T.S.Eliot.B.D. H.Lawrence.C.Theodore Dreiser.D.James Joyce.五、PART III READING (总题数：4，分数：4.00)Co
16、operatbive competition. Competitive cooperation. Confused? Airline alliances have travellers scratching their heads over whats going on in the skies. Some folks view alliances as a blessing to travellers, offering seamless travel, reduced fares and enhanced frequent-flyer benefits. Others see a cons
17、piracy of big businesses, causing decreased competition, increased fares and fewer choices. Whatever your opinion, theres no escaping airline alliances: the marketing hype is unrelenting, with each of the two mega-groupings, Oneworld and Star Alliance, promoting itself as the best choice for all tra
18、vellers. And, even if you turn away from their ads, chances are they will figure in any of your travel plans. By the end of the year, Oneworld and Star Alliance will between them control more than 40% of the traffic in the sky. Some pundits predict that figure will be more like 75%in 10 years. But w
19、hy, after years of often ferocious competition, have airlines decided to band together? Lets just say the timing is mutually convenient. North American airlines, having exhausted all means of earning customer loyalty at home, have been looking for ways to reach out to foreign flyers. Asian carriers
20、are still hurting from the region-wide economic downturn that began two years ago just when some of the airlines were taking delivery of new aircraft. Alliances also allow carriers to cut costs and increase profits by pooling manpower resources on the ground (rather than each airline maintaining its
21、 own ground crew) and code-sharing the practice of two partners selling tickets and operating only one aircraft. So alliances are terrific for airlines but are they good for the passenger? Absolutely, say the airlines: think of the lounges, the joint FFP (frequent flyer programme) benefits, the roun
22、d-the-world fares, and the global service networks. Then theres the promise of seamless travel: the ability to, say, travel trom Singapore to Rome to New York to Rio de Janiero, all on one ticket, without having to wait hours for connections or worry about your bags. Sounds utopian? Peter Buecking,
23、Cathay Pacifics director of sales and marketing, thinks that seamless travel is still evolving. Its fair to say that these links are only in their infancy. The key to seamlessness rests in infrastructure and information sharing. Were working on this. Henry Ma, spokesperson for Star Alliance in Hong
24、Kong, lists some of the other benefits for consum ers: Global travellers have an easier time making connections and planning their itineraries. Ma claims alliances also assure passengers consistent service standards. Critics of alliances say the much-touted benefits to the consumer are mostly pie in
25、 the sky, that alliances are all about reducing costs for the airlines, rationalizing services and running joint marketing programmes. Jeff Blyskal, associate editor of Consumer Reports magazine, says the promotional ballyhoo over alliances is much ado about nothing. I dont see much of a gain for co
26、nsumers: alliances are just a marketing gimmick. And as far as seamless travel goes, Ill believe it when I see it. Most airlines cant even get their own connections under control, let alone coordinate with another airline. Blyskal believes alliances will ultimately result in decreased flight choices
27、 and increased costs for consumers. Instead of two airlines competing and each operating a flight on the same route at 70% capacity, the allied pair will share the route and run one full flight. Since fewer seats will be available, passengers will be obliged to pay more for tickets. The truth about
28、alliances and their merits probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics. And how much they affect you depends on what kind of traveller you are. Those whove already made the elite grade in the FFP of a major airline stand
29、to benefit the most when it joins an alliance: then they enjoy the FFP perks and advantages on any and all of the member carriers. For example, if youre a Marco Polo Club goldmember of Cathay Pacifics Asia Miles FFP, you will automatically be treated as a valuable customer by all members of Oneworld
30、, of which Cathay Pacific is a member even if youve never flown with them before. For those who havent made the top grade in any FFP, alliances might be a way of simplifying the earning of frequent flyer miles. For example, I belong to United Airlines Mileage Plus and generally fly less than 25,000
31、miles a year. But I earn miles with every flight I take on Star Alliance member All Nippon Airways and Thai Airways. If you fly less than I do, you might be smarter to stay out of the FFP game altogether. Hunt for bargains when booking flights and you might be able to save enough to take that extra
32、trip anyway. The only real benefit infrequent flyers can draw from an alliance is an inexpensive round-the-world fare. The bottom line: for all the marketing hype, alliances arent all things to all people but everybody can get some benefit out of them. （分数：1.00）(1).Which is the best word to describe
33、 air travellers reaction to airline alliances?（分数：0.20）A.Delight.B.Indifference.C.Objection.D.Puzzlement.(2).According to the passage, setting up airline alliances will chiefly benefit（分数：0.20）A.North American airlines and their domestic travellers.B.North American airlines and their foreign counter
34、parts.C.Asian airlines and their foreign travellers.D.Asian airlines and their domestic travellers.(3).Which of the following is NOT a perceived advantage of alliances?（分数：0.20）A.Baggage allowance.B.Passenger Comfort.C.Convenience.D.Quality.(4).One disadvantage of alliances foreseen by the critics i
35、s that air travel may be more expensive as a result of （分数：0.20）A.less convenience.B.higher operation costs.C.less competition.D.more joint marketing.(5).According to the passage, which of the following categories of travellers will gain most from airline alliances? （分数：0.20）A.Travellers who fly fre
36、quently economy class.B.Travellers who fly frequently business class.C.Travellers who fly occasionally during holidays.D.Travellers who fly economy class once in a while.Human migration, the term is vague. What people usually think of is the permanent movement of people from one home to another. Mor
37、e broadly, though, migration means all the ways - from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another. Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is so
38、me 15 million Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizens between India and Pakistan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947. Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change, everyones solution, everyones conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its
39、inevitable economic and political turmoil, has been called one of the greatest challenges of the coming century. But it is much more than that. It is, as it has always been, the great adventure of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet, shaped our societies, and p
40、romises to reshape them again. You have a history book written in your genes,said Spencer Wells. The book hes trying to read goes back to long before even the first word was written, and it is a story of migration. Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 expl
41、oring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three colleagues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In theblood, donated by the people he met, he will search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth. Genetic studies are t
42、he latest technique in a long effort of modern humans to find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basic story is simple, people have been moving since they were people. If early humans hadnt moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have continu
43、ed to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most researchers agree, groups of hunter- gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the Earth. To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, human beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to differe
44、nt conditions without having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second, as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed between groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the planet; the other gave us reasons to use them.
45、Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved toward places where metal was found and worked and to centers of commerce that then became cities. Those places were in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians. In between these storm surges wer
46、e steadier but similarly profound tides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. For a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment, was as much as 35 percent slaves. What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect i
47、n the great world events. Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a professor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently. It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration. Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and made new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousands or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environ
