1、专业英语八级（听力）-试卷151及答案解析 (总分：120.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：4，分数：120.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION（分数：30.00）_2.SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-fi
2、lling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.（分数：30.00）_Subfields of Lingu
3、istics The overlapping interests between the field of linguistics and otherdisciplines create several【T1】 1of linguistics.【T1】 2I. Sociolinguistics Focusing on patterns and【T2】 3in language within a society or【T2】 4community Examining the way people use language to【T3】 5in society and to【T3】 6achiev
4、e【T4】 7【T4】 8II.【T5】 9【T5】 10 Studying language processing and its interaction with【T6】 11mental【T6】 12processes, for instance, studies of childrens language acquisition and SLAIII. Computational Linguistics Using computers in analyzing languages, stylistic studies and【T7】 13,【T7】 14bringing forth m
5、achine translation systems and machines that【T8】 15and【T8】 16produce speech and textIV.【T9】 17【T9】 18 Employing linguistic theory and methods to improve SLA【T10】 19,【T10】 20especially focusing on motivation,【T11】 21, learning style and personality【T11】 22V.【T12】 23Linguistics【T12】 24 Examining the r
6、elationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have【T13】 25over time【T13】 26VI. Philosophical Linguistics Examining the philosophy of language, with one major concern toanalyze the【T14】 27of possible word order combinations【T14】 28VII. Neurolinguistics Studying how la
7、nguage is【T15】 29and represented in the brain【T15】 30（分数：30.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(2).【T2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(3).【T3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(4).【T4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(5).【T5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(6).【T6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(7).【T7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(8).【T8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(9).【T9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(10).【T10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(11).
8、【T11】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(12).【T12】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(13).【T13】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(14).【T14】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(15).【T15】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_Euphemism I. Overall Introduction of EuphemismA. The word of euphemism(from Greek) Prefix eu- : good, well Root -phem :【T1】 1【T1】 2 Suffix -ism : noun 【T2】 3to speak with good word
9、s or in a pleasant manner【T2】 4 Earliest time of use in record: the 11th century BCB. The origin of euphemism:【T3】 5【T3】 6 The function of euphemism: mild,roundabout words instead of coarse, offensive or painful onesC. The【T4】 7of euphemism(two most commonly used):【T4】 8 Mild or vague or roundabout
10、expression for harsh or blunt or direct one Polite,tactful or less【T5】 9term to avoid the direct naming of an【T5】 10 unpleasant painful or frightening realityD. Classification of euphemism1)Type one(by Hugh Rawson from the angle of【T6】 11):【T6】 12 i. the positive:【T7】 13ones【T7】 14 inflating and mag
11、nifying the word meaning, making the euphemized seem grander and more important than they really are ii. the negative:【T8】 15ones【T8】 16 deflating and diminishing the word meaning, being defensive in nature offsetting the power of tabooed terms and eradicating everything that people prefer not to de
12、al with directly 2)Type two: unconscious ones & conscious onesi. Angle of classification:whether people remember their original【T9】 17or not【T9】 18ii. Example: indispositionthe original meaning: incapacity to deal with somethingits euphemistic meaning: slight illness or ill healthII. Different uses
13、of euphemism in【T10】 19【T10】 20A. Definition of culture: the entire way of society(customs, traditions, social habits,values,beliefs and language)B. Uses of euphemism related to different aspects of culture1)Euphemisms related to namesi. Chinese culture: emphasis on namesexample:【T11】 21s name is fo
14、rbidden to be called【T11】 22ii. British and American culture: few emphasis on names example:parents name being called directlychildren having the same name with their parents2)Euphemisms related to excretionsi. English culture: having variety of euphemisms example:original words: go to the toilet, g
15、o to stooleuphemistic words: to【T12】 23,to freshen up,to pick a daisy,【T12】 24to relieve or to relieve nature,get some fresh air etc.3)Euphemisms related to deathFunction: to respect the dead, to memorize them, to praise them, to avoid using the dreadful word4)Euphemisms related to old ageChinese: b
16、eing【T13】 25of being old, few euphemisms【T13】 26American: being afraid of being old, a lot of euphemisms5)Euphemisms related to fatness English: derogatoryeuphemistic phrases:weight-watcher, heavyset, and on【T14】 27【T14】 28Chinese: commendatoryIII. Conclusionthe grease of language, and the【T15】 29of
17、 social culture【T15】 30（分数：30.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(2).【T2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(3).【T3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(4).【T4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(5).【T5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(6).【T6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(7).【T7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(8).【T8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(9).【T9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(10).【T10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(11).【T11】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(12).【T12】
18、（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(13).【T13】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(14).【T14】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(15).【T15】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_专业英语八级（听力）-试卷151答案解析 (总分：120.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：4，分数：120.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION（分数：30.00）_解析：2.SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear
19、 the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-
20、taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.（分数：30.00）_解析：Subfields of Linguistics The overlapping interests between the field of linguistics and otherdisciplines create several【T1】 1of linguistics.【T1】 2I. Sociolinguistics Focusing on patterns and【T2】 3in language within a societ
21、y or【T2】 4community Examining the way people use language to【T3】 5in society and to【T3】 6achieve【T4】 7【T4】 8II.【T5】 9【T5】 10 Studying language processing and its interaction with【T6】 11mental【T6】 12processes, for instance, studies of childrens language acquisition and SLAIII. Computational Linguisti
22、cs Using computers in analyzing languages, stylistic studies and【T7】 13,【T7】 14bringing forth machine translation systems and machines that【T8】 15and【T8】 16produce speech and textIV.【T9】 17【T9】 18 Employing linguistic theory and methods to improve SLA【T10】 19,【T10】 20especially focusing on motivatio
23、n,【T11】 21, learning style and personality【T11】 22V.【T12】 23Linguistics【T12】 24 Examining the relationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have【T13】 25over time【T13】 26VI. Philosophical Linguistics Examining the philosophy of language, with one major concern toanal
24、yze the【T14】 27of possible word order combinations【T14】 28VII. Neurolinguistics Studying how language is【T15】 29and represented in the brain【T15】 30（分数：30.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：cross-disciplinary fields）解析：解析：本题考查重要细节。根据句(1)These ovedapping interests have led to the creation of severa
25、l cross-disciplinary fields可知，多种学科的重叠部分造成了多种跨学科领域的出现，所以本题答案为cross-disciplinaryfields。(2).【T2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：variations）解析：解析：本题设题点在定义解释处。演讲的主题是语言学的分支，演讲者首先谈论了社会语言学，根据句(1)可知，社会语言学研究某一社会或团体中语言的模式和变异，故空白处应填variations。(3).【T3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：negotiate their roles）解析：解析：本题考查重要细节。根据句(
26、3)It also examines the way people use language to negotiate their roles in society可知，社会语言学研究人们如何运用语言来演绎他们在社会中的角色，因此本题答案为negotiatetheir roles。(4).【T4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：positions of power）解析：解析：本题设题点在递进关系处。根据句(4)可知，社会语言学研究人们如何运用语言来演绎他们在社会中的角色并实现他们的权力地位，故答案为positions of power。(5).【T5】（分数：2.00）填
27、空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：Psycholinguistics）解析：解析：本题考点设在分论点处。根据句(5)Next comes psycholinguistics可知，演讲者讨论的语言学的第二个分支是心理语言学，因此本题答案为Psycholinguistics，注意该空位于句首，首字母须大写。(6).【T6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：underlying）解析：解析：本题设题点在定义解释处。演讲者指出心理语言学将心理学和语言学结合在一起，根据句(6)可知，心理语言学研究个体如何运用语言以及语言的使用如何与潜在的心理过程联系起来，故答案为underlying。(
28、7).【T7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：information retrieval）解析：解析：本题设题点在列举处。根据句(7)可知，计算机语言学利用计算机协助文体研究、信息检索、不同形式的文本分析、词典及索引编制等，故空白处应填information retrieval。(8).【T8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：recognizedistinguish）解析：解析：本题设题点在定语从句处。根据句(8)可知，计算机在语言研究上的应用使得机器翻译系统以及能识别并生成语音和文本的机器应运而生，故答案为recognize或其同义词distingui
29、sh。(9).【T9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：Applied Linguistics）解析：解析：本题考点设在分论点处。根据句(9)可知，演讲者讨论的第四个语言学分支是应用语言学，因此本题答案为AppliedLinguistics，此外根据语境每个词首字母均须大写。(10).【T10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：efficacy）解析：解析：本题设题点在定义解释处。根据句(10)可知，应用语言学运用语言学理论与方法来提高第二语言习得的整体效率，故答案为efficacy。(11).【T11】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：a
30、ttitude）解析：解析：本题设题点在列举处。根据句(11)可知，应用语言学通过识别学习者的动机、态度、学习风格以及其个性对语言学习的影响，从而弄清楚学习者的思想状态，故空白处应填入attitude。(12).【T12】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：Anthropological）解析：解析：本题设题点在分论点处。根据句(12)可知，演讲者讨论的语言学的第五个分支是人类语言学，故答案为Anthropological。注意此处首字母要大写。(13).【T13】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：changed）解析：解析：本题考查重要细节。根据句(13)可
31、知，人类语言学家主要研究文化与语言的关系以及文化与语言随着时间不断变化的方式等，因此本题答案为changed。(14).【T14】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：range）解析：解析：本题考查重要细节。演讲者谈论的第六个分支是philosophical linguistics，即哲学语言学，根据句(14)可知，语言哲学家关注的是世界上可能存在的语序组合范围，故答案为range。(15).【T15】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：processed）解析：解析：本题设题点在定义解释处。演讲者谈论的最后一个分支是neurolinguistics，即神经语言
32、学，根据句(15)可知，神经语言学研究语言是如何被处理并呈现在大脑中的，故答案为processed。Euphemism I. Overall Introduction of EuphemismA. The word of euphemism(from Greek) Prefix eu- : good, well Root -phem :【T1】 1【T1】 2 Suffix -ism : noun 【T2】 3to speak with good words or in a pleasant manner【T2】 4 Earliest time of use in record: the 11
33、th century BCB. The origin of euphemism:【T3】 5【T3】 6 The function of euphemism: mild,roundabout words instead of coarse, offensive or painful onesC. The【T4】 7of euphemism(two most commonly used):【T4】 8 Mild or vague or roundabout expression for harsh or blunt or direct one Polite,tactful or less【T5】
34、 9term to avoid the direct naming of an【T5】 10 unpleasant painful or frightening realityD. Classification of euphemism1)Type one(by Hugh Rawson from the angle of【T6】 11):【T6】 12 i. the positive:【T7】 13ones【T7】 14 inflating and magnifying the word meaning, making the euphemized seem grander and more
35、important than they really are ii. the negative:【T8】 15ones【T8】 16 deflating and diminishing the word meaning, being defensive in nature offsetting the power of tabooed terms and eradicating everything that people prefer not to deal with directly 2)Type two: unconscious ones & conscious onesi. Angle
36、 of classification:whether people remember their original【T9】 17or not【T9】 18ii. Example: indispositionthe original meaning: incapacity to deal with somethingits euphemistic meaning: slight illness or ill healthII. Different uses of euphemism in【T10】 19【T10】 20A. Definition of culture: the entire wa
37、y of society(customs, traditions, social habits,values,beliefs and language)B. Uses of euphemism related to different aspects of culture1)Euphemisms related to namesi. Chinese culture: emphasis on namesexample:【T11】 21s name is forbidden to be called【T11】 22ii. British and American culture: few emph
38、asis on names example:parents name being called directlychildren having the same name with their parents2)Euphemisms related to excretionsi. English culture: having variety of euphemisms example:original words: go to the toilet, go to stooleuphemistic words: to【T12】 23,to freshen up,to pick a daisy,
39、【T12】 24to relieve or to relieve nature,get some fresh air etc.3)Euphemisms related to deathFunction: to respect the dead, to memorize them, to praise them, to avoid using the dreadful word4)Euphemisms related to old ageChinese: being【T13】 25of being old, few euphemisms【T13】 26American: being afraid
40、 of being old, a lot of euphemisms5)Euphemisms related to fatness English: derogatoryeuphemistic phrases:weight-watcher, heavyset, and on【T14】 27【T14】 28Chinese: commendatoryIII. Conclusionthe grease of language, and the【T15】 29of social culture【T15】 30（分数：30.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：spe
41、ech）解析：解析：本题考查重要细节。Euphemism一词来源于希腊文，根据句(1)可知，词根-phem的意思是speech，故答案应填入speech。(2).【T2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：Literal meaning）解析：解析：本题考查重要细节。演讲者认为，委婉语的字面意思是通过一些好的词语或令人愉悦的方式进行交流，所以根据句(2)It means literally“speaking with good words or in a pleasant manner”可知，本题答案为Literal meaning，此外该空位于句首，首字母须大写。(3).【T
42、3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：verbal taboo）解析：解析：本题设题点在定语从句处。根据句(3)可知，委婉语(euphemism)起源于语言禁忌，故答案应填入verbal taboo。(4).【T4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：definitions）解析：解析：本题设题点在名词定义处。根据句(4)可知，委婉语在不同的书中均有不同的定义，所以本题答案为definitions，注意本题根据语境应为复数形式。(5).【T5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：explicit）解析：解析：本题设题点在定义解释处。Euphem
43、ism有两个定义，第二个定义可以根据句(5)得出结论，委婉语是一种人们为了避免直接说出令人不快、痛苦或令人害怕的事实而使用的客套、机智或间接的词语。根据前后搭配应填入explicit。(6).【T6】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：semantics）解析：解析：本题考查重要细节。根据句(6)可知，Hugh Rawson将委婉语根据语义学分为积极委婉语和消极委婉语，故本题答案为semantics。(7).【T7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：stylistic）解析：解析：本题考查重要细节。根据句(7)The positive euphemisms c
44、an be named stylistic ones可知，积极委婉语也可称之为文体委婉语，所以本题答案为stylistic。(8).【T8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：traditional）解析：解析：本题设题点在定义解释处。根据句(8)可知，消极委婉语的解释为：The negative euphemisms are extremely ancient，and closelyconnected with the taboos接着，作者又指出，They are also called“traditional euphemisms”。由此可知，消极委婉语也被称为“传统委婉语”，故应填入traditional。(9).【T9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：正确答案：motivations）解析：解析：本题设题点在举例处。委婉语还有另一种分类方法，根据句(9)可知，委婉语无论
