1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷193及答案解析 (总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：80.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rules forbidthe practice of making ads loud than the programming. In addi
2、tion, 1television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowing 2for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive, no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information, why do commercials sound so loud? The sensation of sound involves var
3、iety of factors in addition to 3its speak level. Advertisers are skilful at create the impression of 4loudness through their expert use of such factors. One majorcontributor of the perceived loudness of commercials is that much 5less variation in sound level occur during a commercial. In regular 6pr
4、ogramming the intensity of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels. Another tricks of the trade are also used. Because low- 7frequency sounds can mask higher frequency sounds, advertisersfilter out any noises in that may drown out the
5、 primary message. In 8addition, the human voice has more auditory impact in the middle frequency ranges. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. Another approach is to write the script in which lots of consonants are used, because peopleare most a
6、ware of consonants than vowel sounds. Finally, 9advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highlydifferent from that of the programming within which the commercial 10is buried. Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming, a dramatic change in sound qual
7、ity draws viewers attention. For example, notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_ Almost universally, women have failed to reach leading positions in major corporations and private sector organizations
8、,respective of their abilities, said author Linda Wirth. The higher 1the position, the glaring the gender gap. The ILO said men 2traditionally rely in old boy networks to climb up the ladder. 3Women are more invisible in the corporate world but they are less 4keen on informal gatherings. They are al
9、so fighting a losing battle for 5against sexual harassment. A British study found that women in one company subjecting to 6continuing sexual harassment and bullying failed to achieve promotion whatever strategy they used. Protesting and complainingearned them a label of feminist and whining , while
10、trying to 7be one of the men invited further harassment, the ILO report said. A survey of 300 companies in Britain last year found that just 3percent of board members are women. In the FTSE top 100 8companies listed in Britain, women held just 4 percent of directors posts, while female managers earn
11、ed just 71 percent of the salary of their male counterpart, the ILO report said. 9 British female managers as a whole earned 83 percent of the salaries of their male counterpartsputting them ahead of their counterparts in most other countries. The situation in Germany was no better. A survey of 70,0
12、00 largest companies found that women there held just 1 to 3 percent of the top executive and boardroom positions. The ILO also reportedthat the comparative high proportion of women executives in large 10French companies13 percentwas now falling again from the 1980s levels.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1
13、:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest wethink that slavery existed in the fact before it did in law, Oscar
14、 and 1Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660s was that of servants. A critique of the Handlins interpretationfor why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660s suggests that 2assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudicecould be reexamined, an
15、d that explanations for the different 3treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded. The Handlins explains the appearance of legal slavery by 4arguing that, during the 1660s, the position of White servants wasimproving relative to that Black servants. Thus, the Handlins 5c
16、ontend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objectionsfor this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately 6demonstrate that the White servants position was improving duringand after the 1660s; some act of the Maryla
17、nd and Virginia 7legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlinsinterpretation is his assumption that prior to the establishment of 8legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It istrue before the 1660s Black people were rarely called slaves. But 9this should not o
18、vershadow evidence from the 1630s on the points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited statusthe two attributes of true slaveryyet in other cases it included both. The Handlins argument includes the real
19、 10possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级（改错）-试卷193答案解析 (总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：80.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_解析：Every year t
20、elevision stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rules forbidthe practice of making ads loud than the programming. In addition, 1television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowing 2for reasons of efficiency. According to one
21、 NBC executive, no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information, why do commercials sound so loud? The sensation of sound involves variety of factors in addition to 3its speak level. Advertisers are skilful at create the impression of 4loudness through the
22、ir expert use of such factors. One majorcontributor of the perceived loudness of commercials is that much 5less variation in sound level occur during a commercial. In regular 6programming the intensity of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near p
23、eak levels. Another tricks of the trade are also used. Because low- 7frequency sounds can mask higher frequency sounds, advertisersfilter out any noises in that may drown out the primary message. In 8addition, the human voice has more auditory impact in the middle frequency ranges. Advertisers elect
24、ronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. Another approach is to write the script in which lots of consonants are used, because peopleare most aware of consonants than vowel sounds. Finally, 9advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highlydifferent
25、from that of the programming within which the commercial 10is buried. Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming, a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewers attention. For example, notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type.（分数：20.00）填空
26、项1:_（正确答案：loudlouder）填空项1:_（正确答案：allowingallowed）填空项1:_（正确答案：varietya）填空项1:_（正确答案：createcreating）填空项1:_（正确答案：第一个ofto）填空项1:_（正确答案：occuroccurs）填空项1:_（正确答案：AnotherOther）填空项1:_（正确答案：in一去掉in）填空项1:_（正确答案：mostmore）填空项1:_（正确答案：thatthose）解析：解析：代词误用。该句是说“广告商尽量使用与植入广告的节目不一样的声音”，此处代词指代前面出现的sounds，应该用复数指示代词those
27、。 Almost universally, women have failed to reach leading positions in major corporations and private sector organizations,respective of their abilities, said author Linda Wirth. The higher 1the position, the glaring the gender gap. The ILO said men 2traditionally rely in old boy networks to climb up
28、 the ladder. 3Women are more invisible in the corporate world but they are less 4keen on informal gatherings. They are also fighting a losing battle for 5against sexual harassment. A British study found that women in one company subjecting to 6continuing sexual harassment and bullying failed to achi
29、eve promotion whatever strategy they used. Protesting and complainingearned them a label of feminist and whining , while trying to 7be one of the men invited further harassment, the ILO report said. A survey of 300 companies in Britain last year found that just 3percent of board members are women. I
30、n the FTSE top 100 8companies listed in Britain, women held just 4 percent of directors posts, while female managers earned just 71 percent of the salary of their male counterpart, the ILO report said. 9 British female managers as a whole earned 83 percent of the salaries of their male counterpartsp
31、utting them ahead of their counterparts in most other countries. The situation in Germany was no better. A survey of 70,000 largest companies found that women there held just 1 to 3 percent of the top executive and boardroom positions. The ILO also reportedthat the comparative high proportion of wom
32、en executives in large 10French companies13 percentwas now falling again from the 1980s levels.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：respectiveirrespective）填空项1:_（正确答案：glaringmore）填空项1:_（正确答案：inon）填空项1:_（正确答案：butbecause）填空项1:_（正确答案：for一去掉for）填空项1:_（正确答案：subjectingsubjected）填空项1:_（正确答案：athe）填空项1:_（正确答案：arewere）填空项1:
33、_（正确答案：counterpart一counterparts）填空项1:_（正确答案：comparativecomparatively）解析：解析：词性混用。结合上下文看，这句话要表达的意思是“在法国的大公司里，女主管的比例相对来说要高一些”，应使用副词comparatively来修饰形容词high。The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660some forty years after the impo
34、rtation of the first Black people. Lest wethink that slavery existed in the fact before it did in law, Oscar and 1Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660s was that of servants. A critique of the Handlins interpretationfor why legal slavery did not appear until the 166
35、0s suggests that 2assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudicecould be reexamined, and that explanations for the different 3treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded. The Handlins explains the appearance of legal slavery by 4arguing that, during t
36、he 1660s, the position of White servants wasimproving relative to that Black servants. Thus, the Handlins 5contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objectionsfor this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately 6
37、demonstrate that the White servants position was improving duringand after the 1660s; some act of the Maryland and Virginia 7legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlinsinterpretation is his assumption that prior to the establishment of 8legal slavery there was no discrimination aga
38、inst Black people. It istrue before the 1660s Black people were rarely called slaves. But 9this should not overshadow evidence from the 1630s on the points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited statusth
39、e two attributes of true slaveryyet in other cases it included both. The Handlins argument includes the real 10possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：the一去掉the）填空项1:_（正确答案：for一of）填空项1:_（正确答案：couldshould或者去掉could）填空项1:_（正确答案：explainsexplain）填空项1:_（正确答案：that一of）填空项1:_（正确答案：forto）填空项1:_（正确答案：actacts）填空项1:_（正确答案：histheir）填空项1:_（正确答案：true一that）填空项1:_（正确答案：includesexcludes）解析：解析：语义错误。通篇来看，Handlin夫妇的论点中隐含的意思是：最初黑人和白人都是佣人，地位是同等的，只是后来白人佣人的地位上升，才使得黑人佣人的地位相对下降，变成奴隶，所以他们的观点排除黑人和白人从来都没有被平等对待的可能性，所以应将includes改为excludes。
