1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷189及答案解析 (总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：80.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_There are several possible relationships between language and society. One is that social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure and behavior. Certain evidence may
2、support this view; age-grading phenomenon 1whereby young children speak differently from older children and,in a turn, children speak differently from mature adults; studies 2which show that the varieties of language that speakers use reflectsuch matters like their regional, social, or ethnic origin
3、 and possibly 3even their sex(or gender); and other studies which show that particular ways of speaking, choices of words, and even rules for conversing are in fact highly determined by certain social requirements. A second possible relationship is directly opposed the first: 4linguistic structure a
4、nd behavior may either influence or determine social structure. A third possible relationship is that the influence is bi-directional; language and society may influence each other.A fourth possibility is to assume that there is no relationship atall between linguistic structure and social structure
5、 and that every is 5independent of the other. A variant of this possibility would be to saythat, because there might be some such relationship, present attempts 6to characterize it is essentially premature, given what we know about 7both language and society. Actually, this variant view appears to b
6、ethe one which Chomsky himself holds; he prefers to develop an 8asocial linguistics as a preliminary to many other kind of linguistics, 9such an asocial approach being, in his view, logically superior. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_The land of apple pie and
7、baseballthe United States of America. Of course we all know there is more to America than applepie and baseball. Here are more about the culture of USA. The 1American society is a blend of native Americans as well as the large 2number of immigrants from various countries like Ireland, Germany, Polan
8、d, Italy, Latin America, Asia and Africa. Having gonethrough a phase of race discrimination, the United States of America 3today recognizes four races in the countryNative American,African-American, Asian and European American. The minority of 4United States includes Protestant Christians. The perce
9、ntage of Catholics is slightly less than the Protestants. In addition to this, a number of people in the USA have alsoadopted the other religions. In the early years American art and 5literature took most of their ideas and influences from European 6artists. During the late eighteenth century and th
10、e early nineteenth centuries, American paintings primarily included landscapes andportraits with a realistic style. The industrial revolution was 7responsible for new influences thereafter. American literature is also known for development of popular literary genres such as ruthless crime fiction. A
11、s far as dance is concerning, USA has its share of dance 8varieties like the trademark Lindy Hop and its derivative Rock and Roll. There is also the modern square dance and the modern dance. In addition to this, there is a wide influence of several African-American dances. The United States of Ameri
12、ca does not have anofficial international language as such. But the majority of American 9population speaks English. Owing the large number of immigrants 10from Spain, Spanish is the second-most common language in America.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Cultures
13、 are different because the locations they exist in are different. Some people living in the desert, are going to livedifferently from people live in a jungle. So when they have to decide 1why the sky is blue, if youre living in the jungle and there are loads of blue flowers, you might say its becaus
14、e there are loads ofthese blue flowers up here. If you live in the desert you might have 2ever seen a blue flower so you say its because theres water up 3there. So people come out with this different stuff, and then they 4elaborate on it, and change it around. Then their kids move todifferent places
15、 and it gets all mix up, and the stories change, and 5people invent science and that changes everything tooalthough the 6beginnings are still there. Everyone knows now that the skys bluebecause light wavelength absorption differences, but you still have 7people who grew up one way saying My grandmot
16、her told me astory about blue flowers in the sky and the other people say my 8grandmother told me a story about seas of water in the sky , and thats a different culture. In the Mediterranean they never saw corn unless they sent 9people exploring to the Americas; and in the Americas theyd neverseen o
17、lives until the guys from the Mediterranean brought some up. 10The people in the Americas have made a lot of corn cakes and corn bread and stuff, and that was part of their culture; and the guys from the Mediterranean made a lot of olive stuff, oil and foods, and that was part of their culture.（分数：2
18、0.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级（改错）-试卷189答案解析 (总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：80.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_解析：There are several possible relationships between language and society. One is that social structure may either influence or
19、 determine linguistic structure and behavior. Certain evidence may support this view; age-grading phenomenon 1whereby young children speak differently from older children and,in a turn, children speak differently from mature adults; studies 2which show that the varieties of language that speakers us
20、e reflectsuch matters like their regional, social, or ethnic origin and possibly 3even their sex(or gender); and other studies which show that particular ways of speaking, choices of words, and even rules for conversing are in fact highly determined by certain social requirements. A second possible
21、relationship is directly opposed the first: 4linguistic structure and behavior may either influence or determine social structure. A third possible relationship is that the influence is bi-directional; language and society may influence each other.A fourth possibility is to assume that there is no r
22、elationship atall between linguistic structure and social structure and that every is 5independent of the other. A variant of this possibility would be to saythat, because there might be some such relationship, present attempts 6to characterize it is essentially premature, given what we know about 7
23、both language and society. Actually, this variant view appears to bethe one which Chomsky himself holds; he prefers to develop an 8asocial linguistics as a preliminary to many other kind of linguistics, 9such an asocial approach being, in his view, logically superior. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：age-gra
24、dingthe）填空项1:_（正确答案：a去掉a）填空项1:_（正确答案：likeas）填空项1:_（正确答案：opposed一to）填空项1:_（正确答案：everyeach）填空项1:_（正确答案：becausealthough）填空项1:_（正确答案：isare）填空项1:_（正确答案：whichthat）填空项1:_（正确答案：manyany）填空项1:_（正确答案：superiorprior）解析：解析：词义混淆。根据前文可知，Chomsky倾向于开发一种孤立语言学来作为其他任何种类的语言学的基础。superior意为“上级的，优越的”，prior意为“优先的，在前的”，根据上文中的
25、preliminary to可知，该处应该为preliminary的近义词，故将superior改为prior。The land of apple pie and baseballthe United States of America. Of course we all know there is more to America than applepie and baseball. Here are more about the culture of USA. The 1American society is a blend of native Americans as well as t
26、he large 2number of immigrants from various countries like Ireland, Germany, Poland, Italy, Latin America, Asia and Africa. Having gonethrough a phase of race discrimination, the United States of America 3today recognizes four races in the countryNative American,African-American, Asian and European
27、American. The minority of 4United States includes Protestant Christians. The percentage of Catholics is slightly less than the Protestants. In addition to this, a number of people in the USA have alsoadopted the other religions. In the early years American art and 5literature took most of their idea
28、s and influences from European 6artists. During the late eighteenth century and the early nineteenth centuries, American paintings primarily included landscapes andportraits with a realistic style. The industrial revolution was 7responsible for new influences thereafter. American literature is also
29、known for development of popular literary genres such as ruthless crime fiction. As far as dance is concerning, USA has its share of dance 8varieties like the trademark Lindy Hop and its derivative Rock and Roll. There is also the modern square dance and the modern dance. In addition to this, there
30、is a wide influence of several African-American dances. The United States of America does not have anofficial international language as such. But the majority of American 9population speaks English. Owing the large number of immigrants 10from Spain, Spanish is the second-most common language in Amer
31、ica.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：areis）填空项1:_（正确答案：thea）填空项1:_（正确答案：raceracial）填空项1:_（正确答案：minoritymajority）填空项1:_（正确答案：第一个the去掉the）填空项1:_（正确答案：theirits）填空项1:_（正确答案：within）填空项1:_（正确答案：concerningconcerned）填空项1:_（正确答案：internationalnational）填空项1:_（正确答案：Owing一to）解析：解析：介词缺失。owing to为固定搭配，意思是“由于”，故在owing后加上介词to。
32、Cultures are different because the locations they exist in are different. Some people living in the desert, are going to livedifferently from people live in a jungle. So when they have to decide 1why the sky is blue, if youre living in the jungle and there are loads of blue flowers, you might say it
33、s because there are loads ofthese blue flowers up here. If you live in the desert you might have 2ever seen a blue flower so you say its because theres water up 3there. So people come out with this different stuff, and then they 4elaborate on it, and change it around. Then their kids move todifferen
34、t places and it gets all mix up, and the stories change, and 5people invent science and that changes everything tooalthough the 6beginnings are still there. Everyone knows now that the skys bluebecause light wavelength absorption differences, but you still have 7people who grew up one way saying My
35、grandmother told me astory about blue flowers in the sky and the other people say my 8grandmother told me a story about seas of water in the sky , and thats a different culture. In the Mediterranean they never saw corn unless they sent 9people exploring to the Americas; and in the Americas theyd nev
36、erseen olives until the guys from the Mediterranean brought some up. 10The people in the Americas have made a lot of corn cakes and corn bread and stuff, and that was part of their culture; and the guys from the Mediterranean made a lot of olive stuff, oil and foods, and that was part of their cultu
37、re.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：liveliving或者livewho）填空项1:_（正确答案：herethere）填空项1:_（正确答案：ever一never）填空项1:_（正确答案：outup）填空项1:_（正确答案：mix一mixed）填空项1:_（正确答案：althoughbut）填空项1:_（正确答案：because一of）填空项1:_（正确答案：第二个the一去掉the）填空项1:_（正确答案：unlessuntil）填空项1:_（正确答案：upover）解析：解析：固定搭配错误。该处的意思是“美国人从没有见过橄榄，直到从地中海过来的人给他们带来一些。”bringup的意思是“提出，教育，养育”，而bringover的意思是“带来”，故将up改为over。
