1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷185及答案解析 (总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：80.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_Learning another language gives the learner the ability tostep inside the mind and context of that other culture. With the 1ability to communicate and understand a culture on its ownterms, t
2、rue access into that culture is barred. Why is this 2important? In the world where nations and peoples are ever more 3dependent upon one another to supply goods and services, solve political disputes, and ensure international security, understandingthe other cultures is paramount. Lack of intercultu
3、ral sensitivity can 4lead to mistrust and misunderstandings, to an ability to cooperate, 5negotiate, and compromise, but perhaps even to military confrontation. 6Intercultural understanding begins with individuals who have language abilities and who can thereby provide ones own nation orcommunity wi
4、th an insiders view into foreign cultures, which can 7understand foreign news sources, and give insights into other perspectives on international situations and current events. For survival in the global community, every nation needs such individuals. A person competent in other languages can bridge
5、 thegap between cultures, contributing to international diplomacy, 8promote national security and world peace, and successfully engage 9international trade. As globalization and mobility and communications bring theworld ever close together, ever more urgent is the need for global 10citizens to be c
6、ompetent in other languages.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_All social animals communicate with each other, from bees and ants to whales and apes, but only humans have developed a language which is more than a set of prearranged signals. Ourspeech even differs i
7、n a physical way of the communication of other 1animals. It comes from a cortical speech centre which does notrespond instinctively, and organises sound and meaning on a 2rational basis. This section of the brain is unique to humans. Whenand how the special talent of language developed are impossibl
8、e to 3say. But it is generally assumed that its evolution must have been along process. Our ancestors were probably saying a million years 4ago, but with a slower delivery, a smaller vocabulary and above alla simple grammar than we are accustomed to. 5 The origins of human language will perhaps rema
9、in foreverobscurely. By contrast the origin of individual languages has been 6the subject of very precise study over the past two centuries. There are about 5 ,000 languages spoken in the world today(a third of them in Africa), but scholars group them together intorelatively a few familiesprobably l
10、ess than twenty. Languages are 7linked to each other by sharing words or sounds or grammatical 8constructions. The theory is that the members of each linguisticgroup have descended one language, a common ancestor. In many 9cases that original language is judged by the experts to have beenspoken in s
11、urprisingly recent timeas little as a few thousand years 10ago.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Early anthropologists, following the theory that words determine thought, believed that language and its structure wereentirely dependent on the cultural context which
12、 they existed. This 1was a logical extension of whatever is termed the Standard Social 2Science Model, which views the human mind as an indefinite 3malleable structure capable of absorbing any sort of culture without constraints from genetic or neurological factors. In this vein, anthropologist Vern
13、e Ray conducted a study in the1950s, given color samples to different American Indian tribes and 4asking them to give the names of the colors. He concluded that thespectrum we see it as green, yellow, etc. was an entirely 5arbitrary division, and each culture divided the spectrumseparately. Accordin
14、g to that hypothesis, the divisions seen between 6colors are a consequence of the language we learn, and do notcorrespond with divisions in the natural world. A similar hypothesis 7is upheld in the extremely popular meme of Eskimo words forsnowcommon stories vary from fifty to downwards of two hundr
15、ed. 8 Extreme cultural relativism of this type has now been clearly refuted. Eskimos use at most twelve different words for snow, whichis not much more than English speakers and should be expected 9since they exist in a cold climate. The color-relativity hypothesishave now been completely debunked b
16、y more careful, thorough, and 10systematic studies which show a remarkable similarity between the ways in which different cultures divide the spectrum.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级（改错）-试卷185答案解析 (总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：80.00)1.PART
17、 III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_解析：Learning another language gives the learner the ability tostep inside the mind and context of that other culture. With the 1ability to communicate and understand a culture on its ownterms, true access into that culture is barred. Why is this 2important? In the world
18、where nations and peoples are ever more 3dependent upon one another to supply goods and services, solve political disputes, and ensure international security, understandingthe other cultures is paramount. Lack of intercultural sensitivity can 4lead to mistrust and misunderstandings, to an ability to
19、 cooperate, 5negotiate, and compromise, but perhaps even to military confrontation. 6Intercultural understanding begins with individuals who have language abilities and who can thereby provide ones own nation orcommunity with an insiders view into foreign cultures, which can 7understand foreign news
20、 sources, and give insights into other perspectives on international situations and current events. For survival in the global community, every nation needs such individuals. A person competent in other languages can bridge thegap between cultures, contributing to international diplomacy, 8promote n
21、ational security and world peace, and successfully engage 9international trade. As globalization and mobility and communications bring theworld ever close together, ever more urgent is the need for global 10citizens to be competent in other languages.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：WithWithout）填空项1:_（正确答案：int
22、oto）填空项1:_（正确答案：thea）填空项1:_（正确答案：the去掉the）填空项1:_（正确答案：abilityinability）填空项1:_（正确答案：butand）填空项1:_（正确答案：whichwho）填空项1:_（正确答案：contributing一contribute）填空项1:_（正确答案：engage一in）填空项1:_（正确答案：closecloser）解析：解析：形容词比较级错误。该句意为“随着全球化、流动性以及沟通使世界万物联系得日益紧密”。且后文中有比较级ever more urgent is出现，因此将close改成比较级形式closer。All soci
23、al animals communicate with each other, from bees and ants to whales and apes, but only humans have developed a language which is more than a set of prearranged signals. Ourspeech even differs in a physical way of the communication of other 1animals. It comes from a cortical speech centre which does
24、 notrespond instinctively, and organises sound and meaning on a 2rational basis. This section of the brain is unique to humans. Whenand how the special talent of language developed are impossible to 3say. But it is generally assumed that its evolution must have been along process. Our ancestors were
25、 probably saying a million years 4ago, but with a slower delivery, a smaller vocabulary and above alla simple grammar than we are accustomed to. 5 The origins of human language will perhaps remain foreverobscurely. By contrast the origin of individual languages has been 6the subject of very precise
26、study over the past two centuries. There are about 5 ,000 languages spoken in the world today(a third of them in Africa), but scholars group them together intorelatively a few familiesprobably less than twenty. Languages are 7linked to each other by sharing words or sounds or grammatical 8constructi
27、ons. The theory is that the members of each linguisticgroup have descended one language, a common ancestor. In many 9cases that original language is judged by the experts to have beenspoken in surprisingly recent timeas little as a few thousand years 10ago.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：第一个of一from）填空项1:_（正确答
28、案：第一个andbut）填空项1:_（正确答案：areis）填空项1:_（正确答案：saying一speaking）填空项1:_（正确答案：simpiesimpler）填空项1:_（正确答案：obscurelyobscure）填空项1:_（正确答案：a一去掉a）填空项1:_（正确答案：sharingshared）填空项1:_（正确答案：descended一from）填空项1:_（正确答案：timetimes）解析：解析：名词单复数错误。in recent times中times为“时期，时代”，因此为可数名词复数，故将time改为times。Early anthropologists, fol
29、lowing the theory that words determine thought, believed that language and its structure wereentirely dependent on the cultural context which they existed. This 1was a logical extension of whatever is termed the Standard Social 2Science Model, which views the human mind as an indefinite 3malleable s
30、tructure capable of absorbing any sort of culture without constraints from genetic or neurological factors. In this vein, anthropologist Verne Ray conducted a study in the1950s, given color samples to different American Indian tribes and 4asking them to give the names of the colors. He concluded tha
31、t thespectrum we see it as green, yellow, etc. was an entirely 5arbitrary division, and each culture divided the spectrumseparately. According to that hypothesis, the divisions seen between 6colors are a consequence of the language we learn, and do notcorrespond with divisions in the natural world.
32、A similar hypothesis 7is upheld in the extremely popular meme of Eskimo words forsnowcommon stories vary from fifty to downwards of two hundred. 8 Extreme cultural relativism of this type has now been clearly refuted. Eskimos use at most twelve different words for snow, whichis not much more than En
33、glish speakers and should be expected 9since they exist in a cold climate. The color-relativity hypothesishave now been completely debunked by more careful, thorough, and 10systematic studies which show a remarkable similarity between the ways in which different cultures divide the spectrum.（分数：20.0
34、0）填空项1:_（正确答案：whichin）填空项1:_（正确答案：whateverwhat）填空项1:_（正确答案：indefiniteindefinitely）填空项1:_（正确答案：givengiving）填空项1:_（正确答案：it去掉it）填空项1:_（正确答案：thatthis）填空项1:_（正确答案：withto）填空项1:_（正确答案：downwardsupwards）填空项1:_（正确答案：muchmany）填空项1:_（正确答案：havehas）解析：解析：主谓不一致。该句意为“这种与颜色相关的假设已经完全被更加严谨的、全面的、系统的研究推翻。”hypothesis为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，故将have改为has。
