1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷177及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_Educational philosophy has changed a great deal in the 50 years since I was in school. Back then, for example, I had the highest grades in school, but many of my teachers went out of their
2、way to cut me down because I wouldnt get conceit. Aside from 1the debated question of whether that worked, the point is that 2today, the educational establishment has the opposite philosophy. They tend to tell all kids they are smart. I have seen elementary schools that most students are selected as
3、 Honors Students. 3 Research clearly shows that if students learn best from their 4mistakes depend on a students self-perception. Research by Carol 5Dweck and colleagues at Stanford demonstrated that the students who are most likely to learn from their mistakes are those whodont think of themselves
4、as smart as such and smart enough to get 6smarter. They have a growth mindset, a belief system they can 7get better if they will just invest in the time and effort. In one of 8the groups experiments, half of students were repeatedly praised 9for being smart, and these students were not good at learn
5、ing from mistakes. It is not clear why. Maybe they thought the problem was in the learning material, not in them. The other half of students were praised for effort and improvement and thesestudents got better and made few mistakes. Several months later, 10all students repeated a standardized test,
6、and the smart students scores dropped 20%, while the growth mindset students scored 30% higher.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_In a Bertelsmann Foundation study on social justice releasedthis fall, the United States came in deadly last among the rich 1countries,
7、 with only Greece, Chile, Mexico and Turkey faring worse. Whether in poverty prevention, child poverty, incomeinequality and health ratings, the United States ranked below 2countries like Spain and South Korea, not mention Japan, 3Germany or France. It was another sign of how badly Americans are hur
8、ting theirmiddle class. Wars, famine and violence have been devastated 4middle classes before, in Germany and Japan. But when the smoke cleared and the dust settled, a social structure roughly similar to what existed before would always resurface. No nation has ever lost an existing middle class, an
9、d theUnited States is in danger of that yet. But the percentage of 5national income holding by the top 1 percent of Americans went 6from about 10 percent in 1980 to 24 percent in 2007, that is a 7worrisome signal. So before the United States continues on its current road of dismantling its version o
10、f the welfare state, of expanding the gap between rich and poor, Americans might dowell glance south. The lesson is that even after a large middle class 8emerges, yawning inequities between rich and poor severely strain any societys cohesion and harmony. The United States has never had the type of r
11、obust welfarestate that European built after World War II. It didnt need that. 9Through private initiative and efforts to equalize opportunity, Americans long ago ensured that a huge middle class would provide the social glue to hold his society together. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空
12、项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Young people are facing an uncertain future. As the 21stcentury dawned, they were promised a wealth of prospects unless 1they stayed in education or took up with the wide range of training 2opportunities. Now, more than 10 years on, their dreams of education and job oppor
13、tunities have disintegrated, for reasons far beyond their control. While it is something of an adult pastime to complain aboutyoung people, we have to face up with our responsibility for 3letting down a generation. The economical crisis has brought with 4it a tsunami of jobless young people and many
14、 more teenagerswaiting in wings wondering what the future holds. Rather than 5jump on the aren t they all nuisances and responsible rioters 6bandwagon, which would have been an easy movement to make 7given the coverage teenagers got over the summer, the government has produced a paper on how we all
15、need to be Positive For Youth. Positive For Youth call for a new partnership approach in 8local areasbetween businesses, charities, public services, the general public and young peopleto provide more opportunities and better support to our teens. For businesses and charities, youngpeople are their f
16、uture employers and customers. For public 9services, early and positive support can reduce the chances ofpublic funds wasting in holding young people in expensive secure 10provision, or managing the remedial effects of inadequate support and assistance as they reach young adulthood.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填
17、空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Pub-talk, the most popular activity in all pubs, is a native dialect with its own distinctive grammar. There are very fewrestriction on what you can talk about in pubs: pub etiquette is 1concerned mainly about the form of your conversation, not th
18、e 2content. When a regular enters into the pub, you will often hear a 3chorus of friendly greetings from the other regulars, the publican 4and bar staff. The regular responds to each greeting, usuallyaddressed the greeter by name or nickname. No one is conscious 5of obeying a rule or following a for
19、mula, yet you will hear the same greeting ritual in every pub in the country. The words may not even be particular polite: a regular may be 6greeted with Back again, Joe?havent you got a home to go to? or Ah, just in time to buy your round, Joe! . When you firstenter a pub, dont just drinkstart by s
20、aying Good evening and 7Good morning, with a friendly nod and a smile, to the bar staff and the regulars at the bar counter. For most natives, this willtrigger an automatic, reflex greeting-response, if it is only a nod. 8Dont worry if the initial respond is somewhat reserved. By 9greeting before or
21、dering, you have communicated friendly intentions. Although this does not make you an instant regular, itwill be noticed, your subsequent attempts to initiate contact will be 10received more favorably.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级（改错）-试卷177答案解析 (总分：100.
22、00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_解析：Educational philosophy has changed a great deal in the 50 years since I was in school. Back then, for example, I had the highest grades in school, but many of my teachers went out of theirway to cut me down because
23、I wouldnt get conceit. Aside from 1the debated question of whether that worked, the point is that 2today, the educational establishment has the opposite philosophy. They tend to tell all kids they are smart. I have seen elementary schools that most students are selected as Honors Students. 3 Researc
24、h clearly shows that if students learn best from their 4mistakes depend on a students self-perception. Research by Carol 5Dweck and colleagues at Stanford demonstrated that the students who are most likely to learn from their mistakes are those whodont think of themselves as smart as such and smart
25、enough to get 6smarter. They have a growth mindset, a belief system they can 7get better if they will just invest in the time and effort. In one of 8the groups experiments, half of students were repeatedly praised 9for being smart, and these students were not good at learning from mistakes. It is no
26、t clear why. Maybe they thought the problem was in the learning material, not in them. The other half of students were praised for effort and improvement and thesestudents got better and made few mistakes. Several months later, 10all students repeated a standardized test, and the smart students scor
27、es dropped 20%, while the growth mindset students scored 30% higher.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：conceit一conceited）填空项1:_（正确答案：debated一debatable）填空项1:_（正确答案：that一where）填空项1:_（正确答案：if一whether）填空项1:_（正确答案：depend一depends）填空项1:_（正确答案：and一but）填空项1:_（正确答案：system一that）填空项1:_（正确答案：(invest)in一去掉in）填空项1:_（正确答案：stude
28、ntsthe）填空项1:_（正确答案：few一fewer）解析：解析：词汇错误。few意为“很少，几乎没有”，而由此句的better一词，我们可以看出此句是对比实验前后学生的表现，而且从上下文以及客观常识来推断，一次实验并不能让学生不犯错误，所以此处应该用比较级fewer。In a Bertelsmann Foundation study on social justice releasedthis fall, the United States came in deadly last among the rich 1countries, with only Greece, Chile, Me
29、xico and Turkey faring worse. Whether in poverty prevention, child poverty, incomeinequality and health ratings, the United States ranked below 2countries like Spain and South Korea, not mention Japan, 3Germany or France. It was another sign of how badly Americans are hurting theirmiddle class. Wars
30、, famine and violence have been devastated 4middle classes before, in Germany and Japan. But when the smoke cleared and the dust settled, a social structure roughly similar to what existed before would always resurface. No nation has ever lost an existing middle class, and theUnited States is in dan
31、ger of that yet. But the percentage of 5national income holding by the top 1 percent of Americans went 6from about 10 percent in 1980 to 24 percent in 2007, that is a 7worrisome signal. So before the United States continues on its current road of dismantling its version of the welfare state, of expa
32、nding the gap between rich and poor, Americans might dowell glance south. The lesson is that even after a large middle class 8emerges, yawning inequities between rich and poor severely strain any societys cohesion and harmony. The United States has never had the type of robust welfarestate that Euro
33、pean built after World War II. It didnt need that. 9Through private initiative and efforts to equalize opportunity, Americans long ago ensured that a huge middle class would provide the social glue to hold his society together. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：deadly一dead）填空项1:_（正确答案：and一or）填空项1:_（正确答案：menti
34、on一to）填空项1:_（正确答案：been去掉been）填空项1:_（正确答案：innot）填空项1:_（正确答案：holdingheld）填空项1:_（正确答案：thatwhich或thatand）填空项1:_（正确答案：glance一to）填空项1:_（正确答案：EuropeanEuropeans或European一countries）填空项1:_（正确答案：his一their）解析：解析：语篇错误。本句的主语是Americans，故此行中his society在指代的单复数上有误。要把his改作their。Young people are facing an uncertain fut
35、ure. As the 21stcentury dawned, they were promised a wealth of prospects unless 1they stayed in education or took up with the wide range of training 2opportunities. Now, more than 10 years on, their dreams of education and job opportunities have disintegrated, for reasons far beyond their control. W
36、hile it is something of an adult pastime to complain aboutyoung people, we have to face up with our responsibility for 3letting down a generation. The economical crisis has brought with 4it a tsunami of jobless young people and many more teenagerswaiting in wings wondering what the future holds. Rat
37、her than 5jump on the aren t they all nuisances and responsible rioters 6bandwagon, which would have been an easy movement to make 7given the coverage teenagers got over the summer, the government has produced a paper on how we all need to be Positive For Youth. Positive For Youth call for a new par
38、tnership approach in 8local areasbetween businesses, charities, public services, the general public and young peopleto provide more opportunities and better support to our teens. For businesses and charities, youngpeople are their future employers and customers. For public 9services, early and posit
39、ive support can reduce the chances ofpublic funds wasting in holding young people in expensive secure 10provision, or managing the remedial effects of inadequate support and assistance as they reach young adulthood.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：unless一if）填空项1:_（正确答案：with一去掉with）填空项1:_（正确答案：withto）填空项1:_（正确答
40、案：economical一economic）填空项1:_（正确答案：wingsthe）填空项1:_（正确答案：responsible一irresponsible）填空项1:_（正确答案：movement一move）填空项1:_（正确答案：call一calls）填空项1:_（正确答案：employers一employees）填空项1:_（正确答案：wasting一wasted）解析：解析：语法错误。此处wasting是分词短语作后置定语，而waste与fund之间是被动关系，表示“被浪费在上的资金”，故改为过去分词形式。Pub-talk, the most popular activity in
41、 all pubs, is a native dialect with its own distinctive grammar. There are very fewrestriction on what you can talk about in pubs: pub etiquette is 1concerned mainly about the form of your conversation, not the 2content. When a regular enters into the pub, you will often hear a 3chorus of friendly g
42、reetings from the other regulars, the publican 4and bar staff. The regular responds to each greeting, usuallyaddressed the greeter by name or nickname. No one is conscious 5of obeying a rule or following a formula, yet you will hear the same greeting ritual in every pub in the country. The words may
43、 not even be particular polite: a regular may be 6greeted with Back again, Joe?havent you got a home to go to? or Ah, just in time to buy your round, Joe! . When you firstenter a pub, dont just drinkstart by saying Good evening and 7Good morning, with a friendly nod and a smile, to the bar staff and
44、 the regulars at the bar counter. For most natives, this willtrigger an automatic, reflex greeting-response, if it is only a nod. 8Dont worry if the initial respond is somewhat reserved. By 9greeting before ordering, you have communicated friendly intentions. Although this does not make you an instant regular, itwill be noticed, your subsequent attempts to initiate contact will be 10received more favorably.（分数：20.0
