1、专业英语八级(翻译)-试卷106及答案解析 (总分:12.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、TRANSLATION(总题数:6,分数:12.00)1.PART IV TRANSLATION(分数:2.00)_2.在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的,往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候,印象很好。吃头两个主菜时,也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静,吃完了这顿宴席,缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒,转赞美为责备挑剔,转首肯为摇头。这是因为,第一,开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态,而饿了吃糠甜如蜜,饱了吃蜜也不甜。 第二,你初到一个餐馆,
2、开始举筷时有新鲜感,新盖的茅房三天香,这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。(分数:2.00)_3.大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等,所以人们对于大自然全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间,上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着:种植庄稼和葡萄,酿酒和饮酒,喂牛和挤奶,锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样,每个地方都有自己的传说,风俗也就衍传了下来。(分数:2.00)_4.1984年中英签订关于香港问题的联合声明时,撒切尔夫人任英国首相。她说,中国前国家领导人邓小平提出的“一国两制”方针是中英在香港问题上达成一致的关键。起初她并不认同这
3、一方针是香港问题的解决之道。“我所想的是续约(即继续英国在香港的统治)。但这不可能,于是我想到将邓小平先生的思想应用于我们的实情,这可以使香港保持其大部分的特色。”(分数:2.00)_5.这次使命还标志着中国航天计划的最大成就,因为中国的航天计划由于现代史上的动乱而受阻,先是20世纪50年代末期的大跃进,后是70年代的文化大革命,航天计划不但放慢,有时甚至停止。路透社在发自北京的新闻报道中说,这次发射成功突出表明中国成为一支新兴力量。中国是安理会常任理事国,如今寻求更积极的外交,它是世界上经济发展最快的国家之一,并被选为2008年奥运会的主办国。(分数:2.00)_6.在整顿和规范市场经济秩序
4、中,依法严惩了假冒伪劣食品、药品等严重危害人民生命健康的犯罪活动,以及偷税骗税、金融诈骗、走私和传销等严重犯罪活动,维护了人民群众的合法权益。加大了查办和预防职务犯罪的力度,集中力量对贪污受贿犯罪的大案要案深挖严查,严厉惩处。对充当黑恶势力后台和“保护伞”的国家工作人员职务犯罪,进行了严厉查处。(分数:2.00)_专业英语八级(翻译)-试卷106答案解析 (总分:12.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、TRANSLATION(总题数:6,分数:12.00)1.PART IV TRANSLATION(分数:2.00)_解析:2.在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的,往往在接触一个人时首先
5、看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候,印象很好。吃头两个主菜时,也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静,吃完了这顿宴席,缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒,转赞美为责备挑剔,转首肯为摇头。这是因为,第一,开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态,而饿了吃糠甜如蜜,饱了吃蜜也不甜。 第二,你初到一个餐馆,开始举筷时有新鲜感,新盖的茅房三天香,这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:We should not be too romantic about interpersonal relationship. Its interesting that
6、people tend to notice only the merits of others when they first encounter them. This is much like the experience of dining in restaurants. The first dish or appetizer usually impresses you, and you are likely to keep singing the high praise of the first two main dishes as you eat them. However, as t
7、he meal goes on, you get less and less excited about it. By the time the dinner comes to an end, faults are found in everything. Your joy turns to anger; your praise becomes criticism; and your approval changes into disapproval. One reason for this change is that every time before you start a meal y
8、ou are hungry, and your hunger makes chaff taste like honey, but when your stomach is full, even honey will be tasteless to you.)解析:解析:1本段以口语形式对一个常见的生活现象发表议论,故采用一般现在时为总体时态。 2第1句的“在人际关系问题上”可译为about human relationships或about interpersonal relationships,比on the issue of human relationship更为简洁;第2句的“接触”可
9、译成encounter或meet,但不宜译成contact,因为contact主要表示“联系”的意思。“看到(优点)”可译成notice或spot。 3第3句的翻译难点是“餐馆里用餐的经验”,“经验(experience)”作为中心词,其修饰语of dininghavingdinner in restaurants宜后置,使句子符合英语用法习惯。 4第4句的“头盘或冷碟”容易理解,但翻译时却难找出合适的词来,“头盘”即第一道菜,可译为the firstdish,也可译成starter或appetizer。“印象”一词可由名词转译为动词,译为sthimpresses sb更加地道。第5句的“赞不
10、绝口”可译成keep singing the high praise of,其中的keep包含了“长时间”的意思。 5第6句的“愈吃愈趋于冷静”可译为as the meal goes on,you get less and less excited about it。 6第7句的三个“转”,可分别译成turns to,becomes,changes into等,避免用词重复,体现表达的多样化。 7原文中没有表述出来的主语、语气词和关联词,在译成英语时要注意补充完整,如第5、6句应补译主语you;又如第6句的“愈吃愈趋于冷静”与上文之间存在明显的转折关系,翻译时应增加However一词,明确逻辑
11、关系。3.大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等,所以人们对于大自然全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间,上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着:种植庄稼和葡萄,酿酒和饮酒,喂牛和挤奶,锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样,每个地方都有自己的传说,风俗也就衍传了下来。(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:The bounty of nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor. It is for this reason that people all feel strong attachme
12、nt to nature. This is particularly true in rural areas where people have kept the same lifestyle for thousands of years. They plant crops and grapevines to brew and drink wine, feed cows to obtain milk, and weed gardens to grow flowers. They go to church at weekends and gather in the square on holid
13、ays where they sing, dance, and play musical instruments. Their land and pasture in the old days is still their sweet home of today. Thus, each place boasts its folklore which keeps its social customs alive.)解析:解析:1本段为议论性篇章,阐述客观现象,故总体上采用一般现在时。 2第2句的“尤其在乡间”意思是在乡间情况更是如此,所以翻译时应适当采用“增补”技法,可译成This ispart
14、icularly true in rural areas。“以不变的方式生活着”可译成keep the same lifestyle,也可译成havelived the same life。“酿酒和饮酒,喂牛和挤奶,锄草和栽花”这三个短语分别含有具有目的关系的两个动词,故用to连接前后两个动词。 3“去教堂祈祷和做礼拜”可简单译成go to church,简洁明了,若译成go to church for prayers andmasses反而显得累赘;“到广场”可灵活地译成gather in the square,比按字面意思译成go to thesquare更贴近原文的含义。 4第3句的“往
15、日”与“今日”对比鲜明,可分别译为in the old days和today;因上文中有“种植庄稼”“喂牛和挤奶”“锄草和栽花”等内容,“田园”二字应译成land and pasture使意思准确完整。“温馨家园”译成sweet home,自然简洁,符合英文的表达方式。 5第4句两个分句之间具有表层的因果关系,但从更深一层次上看,“传说”是“衍传风俗”的逻辑上的主语,所以可以将第二个分句译成定语从句,使两个分句之间的关系更为紧密,即译成which keeps its socialcustoms alive:keep alive明显比maintain或preserve等词语更加生动传神。4.19
16、84年中英签订关于香港问题的联合声明时,撒切尔夫人任英国首相。她说,中国前国家领导人邓小平提出的“一国两制”方针是中英在香港问题上达成一致的关键。起初她并不认同这一方针是香港问题的解决之道。“我所想的是续约(即继续英国在香港的统治)。但这不可能,于是我想到将邓小平先生的思想应用于我们的实情,这可以使香港保持其大部分的特色。”(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:Thatcher, who was prime minister when Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed in 1984, said the one country two sy
17、stems principle devised by former Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping was the key to an agreement about the colony. The practice at first did not seem to her as the way ahead for Hong Kong. What I wanted was an extension of the lease (meaning the continuation of British administration). But when this prove
18、d impossible I saw the opportunity to preserve most of what was unique about Hong Kong by applying Mr. Dengs idea to our circumstances.)解析:解析:1本段追述历史事件,故采用一般过去时为总体时态。 2本段中包含有历史人物原话的转引,且撒切尔夫人为英国前首相,若为正规文件的翻译,译者应从历史档案或其他途径查找原话。在考试的环境下,可以根据原文的意思翻译。 3第3句为了更好地和前面句子衔接,翻译时应以The practice作为主语。 4第4句的“续约”作为法律或
19、经济术语应该译为extension of contract or agreement。结合香港的历史,译为extension of the lease更符合历史事实。 5从文本结构来看,第4句的“(即继续英国在香港的统治)”很可能不是撒切尔夫人的话语,而是本段文字作者增加的解释,翻译时应保留原文的括号,并增加meaning一词,以免读者误会。 6第5句的“将邓小平先生的思想应用于我们的实情”可以翻译为介词短语,比较简洁。“应用”可译为applyto.“实情”可译为actual situation或circumstances。5.这次使命还标志着中国航天计划的最大成就,因为中国的航天计划由于现代
20、史上的动乱而受阻,先是20世纪50年代末期的大跃进,后是70年代的文化大革命,航天计划不但放慢,有时甚至停止。路透社在发自北京的新闻报道中说,这次发射成功突出表明中国成为一支新兴力量。中国是安理会常任理事国,如今寻求更积极的外交,它是世界上经济发展最快的国家之一,并被选为2008年奥运会的主办国。(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:This mission also marks the greatest achievement of Chinas space program, the development of which has been interrupted by convuls
21、ions of contemporary Chinese history, first by the Great Leap Forward in the late 1950s, and then by the Cultural Revolution in the 1970s. These domestic upheavals not only slowed down, but at some points stopped Chinas space program. As Reuters has it in one news dispatch from Beijing, this feat hi
22、ghlights the emergence of China as a new power,and, as a permanent U.N. Security Council member pursuing more active diplomacy, China represents one of the worlds fastest growing economies and has been chosen to host the 2008 Olympics.)解析:解析:1本段为典型的新闻报道与评论文体,故采用一般现在时为总体时态。 2第1句的“标志着”除了可以译为mark,还可以译为
23、symbolize。“动乱”一词可以译为convulsion或upheaval本段翻译时交替使用这两个词,避免重复。此外,“动乱”具有政治含义,有特定译法,不能单一地理解为“混乱”,所以不宜译为chaos或disorder。 3作为中国当代历史上的重大事件,“大跃进”和“文化大革命”在英文中已经有固定的译法,为Great LeapForward和Cultural Revolution,不过在考试的环境下,也可以采用意译的方法。 4为了明确表明第2、3句都是路透社报道的内容,翻译时应按英语的行文方式,将它们合为一句,将第3句译为并列句,虽然句子结构略嫌松散,但意思清晰,能避免误解。 5econo
24、my有“经济体”之义,国家也是经济体,因而“经济发展最快的国家之一”可以译作one of the worldsfastest growing economies。6.在整顿和规范市场经济秩序中,依法严惩了假冒伪劣食品、药品等严重危害人民生命健康的犯罪活动,以及偷税骗税、金融诈骗、走私和传销等严重犯罪活动,维护了人民群众的合法权益。加大了查办和预防职务犯罪的力度,集中力量对贪污受贿犯罪的大案要案深挖严查,严厉惩处。对充当黑恶势力后台和“保护伞”的国家工作人员职务犯罪,进行了严厉查处。(分数:2.00)_正确答案:(正确答案:In the process of the on-going natio
25、nwide campaign launched to consolidate the market order, punishments have been meted out in accordance with laws against crimes that do harm to peoples lives and health, including production and sale of counterfeit and sup-standard foods and medicines, and other crimes such as tax evasion and defrau
26、d, financial swindling, smuggling and pyramid selling. This has effectively protected the peoples legitimate rights and interests. Work has been intensified to investigate and prevent on-job crimes, with special focus on investigating and punishing those convicted of serious bribery and corruption o
27、ffenses, bringing to justice those proven to have acted as behind-the-scene leaders of Mafia-like gangs or as their protective umbrellas by taking advantages of their powers and influence.)解析:解析:1本段主体部分总结整顿规范市场经济秩序所取得的成就,故选用现在完成时为总体时态。 2汉语比较正式的官方语言和文件大量使用无主句,而译文从文体角度考虑,采用了被动语态,甚为妥当。 3第2句的“加大力度”可译为Wo
28、rk has been intensified to,“集中力量”可译为focus on,“大案要案”“深挖严查”和“严厉惩处”均为汉语中常用的四字成语,译成英语时不能拘泥于形式,应根据意思灵活翻译,可分别译为serious offenses,probe into和punish。“职务犯罪”按字面意思可译为job-related crimes或on-job crimes。 4第3句的“黑恶势力后台和保护伞”为汉语中常见的比喻说法,译为behind-the-scene leaders of Mafia-like gangs or as their“protective umbrellas”十分贴切。本段中主要讲的“领导干部的职务犯罪”,用增补的翻译手法补充by taking advantage of their powers and influence,使译文贴切原文的含义,同时可以省略government officials。 5bringing to justice为比较规范的法律词语,和增补的proven“经证实的”一词连用,突出了法制的观念。