1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷161及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_Congested cities are fast becoming test tubes for scientists studying the impact of traffic fumes on the brain. As roadwayschoke on traffic, researchers suspect that the tailpipe exhausted
2、 1from cars and trucksespecially tiny carbon particles alreadyimplicated heart disease, cancer and respiratory ailmentsmay 2also injure brain cells the key to learning and memory. New 3public-health studies and laboratory experiments suggest that, atevery stage of life, traffic fumes exact a measuri
3、ng toll on mental 4capacity, intelligence and emotional stability. Children in areas affected by high levels of emissions, onaverage, scored more poor on intelligence tests and were more 5prone to depression, anxiety and attention problems than childrengrowing in cleaner air, separate research teams
4、 in New York, 6Boston, Beijing, and Krakow, Poland, found. And older men andwomen long exposing to higher levels of traffic-related particles 7and ozone had memory and reasoning problems effectively added 8five years to her mental age, other university researchers in Boston 9reported this year. The
5、emissions may also height the risk of 10Alzheimers disease and speed the effects of Parkinsons disease. The evidence is growing that air pollution can affect the brain, says medical epidemiologist Heather Volk at USCs Keck School of Medicine. We may be starting to realize the effects are broader tha
6、n we realized.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_The reliance on credit reports in hiring is becoming widespread. A survey by the Society for Human Resource Management found that 60% of employers do credit checks for at least some positions. The use of credit check
7、s is growing at time when the 1economy is making it hard for people to keep their records cleanly. 2Delinquency rates on loans have been arising, according to a report 3issued last week by the American Bankers Association, driven by aweak job market and rising food and gasoline price. 4 The biggest
8、flaw with the use of credit checks in employmentscreening is in that it makes it difficult for many good people who 5need work to find. Employers who do credit checks operate under 6the assumption that having had trouble paying bills is a characterflaw, but there is scant hard evidence to back this
9、down. 7 Many credit problems are due to factors outside of a persons control. Sarah Ford, an attorney with the Lawyers Committee forCivil Rights Under Law, told a House committee last year which 8credit reports failed to provide insufficient context. A credit 9report would not explain that a factory
10、 worker lost his job when his employer went out of business, she said. Or that a manscredit was destroyed so he was the victim of identity theft or a 10predatory lending scam. Or that a woman lost her job and her health coverage before developing breast cancer and incurring astronomical medical bill
11、s.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_There is no link, whatsoever, between the producers and users of manpower with the result that institutions of learning,essentially at the secondary, technical, and high levels, are not 1exactly aware of the end result and use o
12、f its manpower output. 2There has to be a complete synchronization and rapport betweenthe two sets: the producers and the users, happens in most of the 3countries, including the developing ones. There is no focus on the quality of education in terms of the depth and dimensions ofteaching and in term
13、s of syllabi, but technical education does have 4some quality control. There are rarely any revisions and up gradation of courses either in the light of the changes occurring inthe given discipline, nor in terms of the country s manpower 5requirements. Higher education is basically financed by the G
14、overnmentand that too without any reference to quality and output. It lacks of 6philanthropic support either from the Non Government Organizations or from the corporate world. In this era of reforms,the time is not far when higher education, funding entirely by the 7Government, will be tossed into s
15、uddenly free and competitivemarket with sharply increased government funding. It will then be 8termed as Indias higher education open market, the initial impacton which will be largely negative. It is anticipated that many 9institutions at that time will get disintegrated, strangled by the lossof re
16、sources, ovenvhelming demand for resources that they would 10fail to provide, and the receivables they would not be able to recover.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Management jargon can alienate staff and leave bosses looking untrustworthy and weak, according to
17、 a survey published on Monday. Managers who spoke of singing from the same hymn sheet could find themselves sing solo, the survey said. Workers said such phrases 1as blue sky thinking, the helicopter view and heads up could lead to alienation and low moral in the office. 2 The survey, carried out by
18、 YouGov to mark the 15th anniversaryof Investors in People, a government-backed training initial, found 37 3percent of the 2,900 questioned believed jargon led to mistrust and encouraged a feeling of inadequacy. Bosses seemed oblivious to thedangers, with more than half, believing it to be harmful.
19、That could 4explain why workers perceived it to be on rise, with nearly 40 percent 5believing it was increasingly creeping into office banter. Almosttwo-thirds of employees would prefer to no jargon at work. Cliches 6such as getting our ducks in a row might just be lining up trouble, though. Nicola
20、Clark, director at Investors in People, said: Whilst jargon can be useful shorthand at times, managers need to be more alert to when and how they use them. 7 Nearly 40 percent of workers surveyed believed jargon betrayed alack of confidence, but one in five thought those who used it were 8untrustwor
21、thy or trying to cover something up. Cutting jargon out ofeveryday communication is clearly a challenge. Therefore, as our 9research shows, if used inappropriate, jargon can be an obstacle to 10understanding, which ultimately can impact on an individuals performance and an organizations productivity
22、.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级（改错）-试卷161答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_解析：Congested cities are fast becoming test tubes for scientists studying the impact of traffic fumes on the brain. As
23、roadwayschoke on traffic, researchers suspect that the tailpipe exhausted 1from cars and trucksespecially tiny carbon particles alreadyimplicated heart disease, cancer and respiratory ailmentsmay 2also injure brain cells the key to learning and memory. New 3public-health studies and laboratory exper
24、iments suggest that, atevery stage of life, traffic fumes exact a measuring toll on mental 4capacity, intelligence and emotional stability. Children in areas affected by high levels of emissions, onaverage, scored more poor on intelligence tests and were more 5prone to depression, anxiety and attent
25、ion problems than childrengrowing in cleaner air, separate research teams in New York, 6Boston, Beijing, and Krakow, Poland, found. And older men andwomen long exposing to higher levels of traffic-related particles 7and ozone had memory and reasoning problems effectively added 8five years to her men
26、tal age, other university researchers in Boston 9reported this year. The emissions may also height the risk of 10Alzheimers disease and speed the effects of Parkinsons disease. The evidence is growing that air pollution can affect the brain, says medical epidemiologist Heather Volk at USCs Keck Scho
27、ol of Medicine. We may be starting to realize the effects are broader than we realized.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：exhausted一exhaust）填空项1:_（正确答案：implicated一in）填空项1:_（正确答案：the一去掉the）填空项1:_（正确答案：measuring一measurable）填空项1:_（正确答案：poorpoorly）填空项1:_（正确答案：growing一up）填空项1:_（正确答案：exposing一exposed）填空项1:_（正确答案：added
28、一thatwhich或added一adding）填空项1:_（正确答案：her一their）填空项1:_（正确答案：height一heighten）解析：解析：词汇错误。此处height在句中作谓语，应该用其动词形式heighten，意思是“汽车废气也可能增加患老年痴呆症(Alzheimersdisease)的风险，并加快帕金森氏症(Parkinsonsdisease)的恶化。”The reliance on credit reports in hiring is becoming widespread. A survey by the Society for Human Resource M
29、anagement found that 60% of employers do credit checks for at least some positions. The use of credit checks is growing at time when the 1economy is making it hard for people to keep their records cleanly. 2Delinquency rates on loans have been arising, according to a report 3issued last week by the
30、American Bankers Association, driven by aweak job market and rising food and gasoline price. 4 The biggest flaw with the use of credit checks in employmentscreening is in that it makes it difficult for many good people who 5need work to find. Employers who do credit checks operate under 6the assumpt
31、ion that having had trouble paying bills is a characterflaw, but there is scant hard evidence to back this down. 7 Many credit problems are due to factors outside of a persons control. Sarah Ford, an attorney with the Lawyers Committee forCivil Rights Under Law, told a House committee last year whic
32、h 8credit reports failed to provide insufficient context. A credit 9report would not explain that a factory worker lost his job when his employer went out of business, she said. Or that a manscredit was destroyed so he was the victim of identity theft or a 10predatory lending scam. Or that a woman l
33、ost her job and her health coverage before developing breast cancer and incurring astronomical medical bills.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：timea）填空项1:_（正确答案：cleanly一clean）填空项1:_（正确答案：arisingrising）填空项1:_（正确答案：priceprices）填空项1:_（正确答案：in一去掉in）填空项1:_（正确答案：find一it）填空项1:_（正确答案：down一up）填空项1:_（正确答案：which一that）填空项1
34、:_（正确答案：insufficient一sufficient）填空项1:_（正确答案：sobecause）解析：解析：语篇错误。由上下文语义判断，句间逻辑关系是因果关系，前句说一个人的信用受损，后句说他是身份盗窃或掠夺性贷款诈骗的受害者。后者是前者的原因所在，故用表原因的连词替换so。注意，此处不能改为as和since，虽然两者都可以表示原因，但所表示的原因都是不言而喻、显而易见的，此处的因果关系并非能直接推断得出。而for表示自然而然地推断出原因，此处句意还不够明显，故用because。There is no link, whatsoever, between the producers
35、and users of manpower with the result that institutions of learning,essentially at the secondary, technical, and high levels, are not 1exactly aware of the end result and use of its manpower output. 2There has to be a complete synchronization and rapport betweenthe two sets: the producers and the us
36、ers, happens in most of the 3countries, including the developing ones. There is no focus on the quality of education in terms of the depth and dimensions ofteaching and in terms of syllabi, but technical education does have 4some quality control. There are rarely any revisions and up gradation of co
37、urses either in the light of the changes occurring inthe given discipline, nor in terms of the country s manpower 5requirements. Higher education is basically financed by the Governmentand that too without any reference to quality and output. It lacks of 6philanthropic support either from the Non Go
38、vernment Organizations or from the corporate world. In this era of reforms,the time is not far when higher education, funding entirely by the 7Government, will be tossed into suddenly free and competitivemarket with sharply increased government funding. It will then be 8termed as Indias higher educa
39、tion open market, the initial impacton which will be largely negative. It is anticipated that many 9institutions at that time will get disintegrated, strangled by the lossof resources, ovenvhelming demand for resources that they would 10fail to provide, and the receivables they would not be able to
40、recover.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：high一higher）填空项1:_（正确答案：itstheir）填空项1:_（正确答案：happens一as）填空项1:_（正确答案：but一thoughalthough）填空项1:_（正确答案：nor一or）填空项1:_（正确答案：of一去掉of）填空项1:_（正确答案：fundingfunded）填空项1:_（正确答案：increaseddecreasedreduced）填空项1:_（正确答案：on一of）填空项1:_（正确答案：overwhelming一an）解析：解析：词汇错误。此处demand作名词，意为“需求”，是可数名
41、词，且在文中第一次提到，故需加上冠词an。Management jargon can alienate staff and leave bosses looking untrustworthy and weak, according to a survey published on Monday. Managers who spoke of singing from the same hymn sheet could find themselves sing solo, the survey said. Workers said such phrases 1as blue sky thinki
42、ng, the helicopter view and heads up could lead to alienation and low moral in the office. 2 The survey, carried out by YouGov to mark the 15th anniversaryof Investors in People, a government-backed training initial, found 37 3percent of the 2,900 questioned believed jargon led to mistrust and encou
43、raged a feeling of inadequacy. Bosses seemed oblivious to thedangers, with more than half, believing it to be harmful. That could 4explain why workers perceived it to be on rise, with nearly 40 percent 5believing it was increasingly creeping into office banter. Almosttwo-thirds of employees would pr
44、efer to no jargon at work. Cliches 6such as getting our ducks in a row might just be lining up trouble, though. Nicola Clark, director at Investors in People, said: Whilst jargon can be useful shorthand at times, managers need to be more alert to when and how they use them. 7 Nearly 40 percent of workers surveyed believed jargon betrayed alack of confidence, but one in five thought those who used it were 8untrustworthy or try
