1、专业四级-265及答案解析 (总分：103.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BSECTION A/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)IIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a
2、 gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note taking.Now listen to the mini-lecture./IThe Importance of QuestionsFor non-native speakers of English who want to participate in group discussions, it is important to he able to ask questions in order to resol
3、ve their difficuhies. . Causes of Breakdowns in U U 1 /U /U1. On students part insufficient command over the U U 2 /U /Uof English poor pronunciation 2. On teachers part uncertainty of whether his student has asked a question the student U U 3 /U /Uto employ the correct question formthe teacher inte
4、rprets the question as a comment difficuhies arise when the student employs an/a U U 4 /U /Uquestion form the teacher may not know about the U U 5 /U /Uof the students difficuhy . Specific Questions 1. Begin questions with an/a U U 6 /U /U. 2. Be careful to U U 7 /U /Uthe exact point. . Another Reas
5、on for the Correct Use of U U 8 /U /UPoliteness 1. The student uses the imperative U U 9 /U /Uthe question form when he is nervous or struggling with new subject matter. 2. The teacher may interpret it as U U 10 /U /Uand feel angry. （分数：10.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项
6、1:_三、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).What strikes the woman most about the male robber is his _. A. clothes B. age C. physique D. appearance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The most detailed information about the woman robber is her _. A. manners B. talkativeness C. height D. jewelry（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3)
7、.The interviewee is believed to be a bank _. A. receptionist B. manager C. customer D. cashier（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following about the two robbers is NOT true? A. Both were wearing dark sweaters. B. Neither was wearing glasses. C. Both were about the same age. D. One of them was marked
8、by a scar.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).After the incident the interviewee sounded _. A. calm and quiet B. nervous and numb C. timid and confused D. shocked and angry（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、BSECTION C/B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)（分数：4.00）(1).The main function of the proposed Thorpe facility is to produce A. weapon-grade mate
9、rial. B. nuclear fuel. C. plutonium. D. spent fuel.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).On the issue of plutonium, the US feels A. satisfied with the current civilian use of the element. B. the destruction of nuclear arms surpasses civilian production. C. content to export its own spent nuclear fuel. D. the current
10、 levels of production should be decreased.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the main idea of the news item? A. India will market its low-cost computers abroad. B. India has developed a type of computer that sells at a very low price. C. The devices in the computer were engineered by Taiwan. D. India deci
11、des to have its computers manufactured in Taiwan.语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).President Bush said the United States will make sure Somalia does not become a safe haven for_. A. terrorists B. Islamists C. Taliban rebels D. warlords语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPART READING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、BTEXT A/B(总题数：1，分数：5
12、.00)BQuake Engineering:Looking at the Turkish Earthquake Damage?/BDespite the size of the devastating quake that ripped through Turkey, American structural engineers say there was something that might have alleviated the damage and saved lives. These images of the devastation in Turkey confirm what
13、seismic engineers already know: that a powerful earthquake has an ally in a weak building. Jim Malley of Degenkolb Engineers, This is the most common form of multi-story building In Turkey. Its what we call a concrete frame. Structural engineer Jim Malley studied damaged buildings in Turkey in 1992
14、after a 6.8 (Richter Scale)quake left more than 600 dead. Jim Malley says, These are very heavy buildings and its not uncommon for them to collapse In earthquakes because of the extra mass. The risk of building collapse increases when the first floor is a shop and glass windows replace brick walls.
15、Undoubtedly, there was a glass store front at this level, and all that came through for the structure, was concrete columns, and that made it much weaker, and as a result we got the collapse of that first story.Malley says Turkeys concrete frame buildings often lack reinforcing steel, use too little
16、 or use a smooth steel bar that fails to grip the concrete. We use whats called deformed bars where theres little bumps on the steel, which helps to tie the reinforcing steel into the concrete, and smooth bars. it pulls out much more easily.In California, where each big quake teaches engineers anoth
17、er way of coping, steel frames reduce the weight of new buildings, and strong joints keep them agile.Janiele Maffei shows a San Francisco skyscraper under construction and says, The building is designed to move and to sway. and the connections to stay together.Structural engineer Jardele Maffei says
18、 the 1994 Northridge, California quake, revealed the weakness of rigid joints. Engineers found a simple solution, She demonstrates the point by way of the building under way, See to the right of the connection. See the beam? See how it looks like its been tapered? Thats called a dog bone; you can se
19、e how it looks like a dog bone, how its tapered. What that will do is it will take the stresses away from the connection, and concentrate them in that smaller section of the beam.Cross bracing up the elevator shaft gives a building brute strength.Janiele Maffei says, What steel bracing does, is it c
20、onnects the various floors, and keeps there from moving relative to each other in an earthquake.Maffei says Turkish engineers do know how to build for earthquakes and building codes in Turkey are good, at least on paper. But somehow the system failed to produce earthquake resistant buildings,（分数：5.0
21、0）(1).According to the article, what is the most common form of multi-story building in Turkey? A. Wooden structures. B. Reinforced concrete single levels. C. The concrete frame. D. The dog bone frame.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the article, why is it significant that buildings way have shops
22、on the first (ground)floors with glass window displays? A. People like to shop on the ground floor of buildings. B. People can see into the windows on this level. C. Windows do not support a building as well as walls do. D. People should not shop in large buildings.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Earthquakes i
23、n California have taught people _. A. to have panic attacks with strangers B. ways of coping with construction techniques C. how to build weak joints D. to be seismic engineers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to structural engineers in California, what is important for an earthquake-resistant building
24、? A. Rigid frames so that buildings do not move in earthquakes. B. Concrete frames. C. Buildings designed to move and sway. D. One-story buildings.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the article, why should building joints be agile? A. Such joints are cheap. B. Such joints make buildings flexible and
25、moveable. C. Such joints are concrete frames. D. Such joints make the buildings rigid.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、BTEXT B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It is hard to conceive of a language without nouns or verbs. But that is just what Riau Indonesian is, a researcher says at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthr
26、opology, in Leipzigstates. Dr. Gil has been studying Riau for the past 12 years. Initially, he says, he struggled with the language, despite being fluent in standard Indonesian. However, a breakthrough came when he realized that what he had been thinking of as different parts of speech were, in fact
27、, grammatically the same. For example, the phrase the chicken is eating translating into colloquial Riau is ayam makan. Literally, the phrase means chicken eat. But the same pair of words also have meanings as diverse as the chicken is making somebody eat, or somebody is eating where the chicken is.
28、 There are, he says, no modifiers that distinguish the tenses of verbs. Nor are there modifiers for nouns that distinguish the definite from the indefinite. Indeed, there are no features in Riau Indonesian that distinguish nouns from verbs. These categories, he says, are imposed because the language
29、s that Western linguists are familiar with having them.This sort of observation flies in the face of conventional wisdom about what languages is. Most linguists are influenced by the work of Noam Chomskyin particular, his theory of deep grammar. According to Dr. Chomsky, people are born with a sort
30、of linguistic template in their brains. This is a set of rules that allows children to learn a language quickly, but also imposes constraints and structure on what is learnt. Evidence in support of this theory includes the tendency of children to make systematic mistakes which indicate a tendency to
31、 impose rules on what turn out to be grammatical exceptions (e. g. I dided it instead of I did it). There is also the ability of the children of migrant workers to invent new languages known as creoles out of the grammatically incoherent pidgin spoken by their parents. Exactly what the deep grammar
32、consists of is still not clear, but a basic distinction between nouns and verbs would probably be one of its minimum requirements.Dr. Gil contends, however, that there is a risk of unconscious bias leading to the conclusion that a particular sort of grammar exists in an unfamiliar language. That is
33、because it is easier for linguists to discover extra features in foreign languages, for example, tones that change the meaning of words, which are common in Indonesian but do not exist in European languages than to realize that elements which are taken for granted in a linguists native language may
34、be absent from another. Despite the best intentions, he says, there is a tendency to fit languages into a mould. And since most linguists are Westerners, that mould is usually an Indo-European language from the West.It needs not, however, be a modern language. Dr. Gils point about bias is well illus
35、trated by the history of the study of the worlds most widely spoken tongue. Many of the people who developed modern linguistics had had an education in Latin and Greek. As a consequence, English was often described until well into the 20 century as having six different noun cases, because Latin has
36、six. Only relatively recently did grammarians begin a debate over noun cases in English. Some now contend that it does not have noun cases at all; others argue that it has two while still others maintain that there are three or four cases.The difficulty is compounded if a linguist is not fluent in t
37、he language he is studying. The process of linguistic fieldwork is a painstaking one, fraught with pitfalls. Its mainstay is the use of informants who tell linguists, in interviews and on paper, about their language. Unfortunately, these informants tend to be better-educated than their fellows and a
38、re often fluent in more than one language.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following statements is NOT true of Riau Indonesian? A. It is quite different from standard Indonesian. B. It shares some features with Western languages. C. There are no distinct features between nouns and verbs. D. It is hard for
39、Western linguists to differentiate verb tenses.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following sentence cannot serve as evidence of Noam Chomskys theory of deep grammar ? A.He never forgaved her for teasing him. B. She beganed to feel a sense of panic. C. Sheeps were grazing on the hillside. D. There ar
40、e a desk and two chairs here. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that _. A. linguists tend to choose a better way to explain unfamiliar languages B. Riau Indonesian belongs to the Indo-European language family C. Riau Indonesian might not fit into an existing mould D. Dr. Gils
41、argument has been criticized by other linguists（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The authors attitude towards Dr. Gils contentions is one of _. A. disbelief B. deprecation C. corroboration D. ambiguity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The word pitfalls in the last paragraph probably means _. A. problems B. grievance C. puns
42、D. knowledge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、BTEXT C/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Last week, The Washington Post ran a front-page story that said most stay-at-home morns arent S. U. V. driving, daily yoga-doing, latte-drinking.upper-middle-class women who choose to leave their high-powered careers to answer the call to mother
43、hood. Instead, they are disproportionately low-income, non-college educated, young and Hispanic or foreign-born: in other words, they are women whose horizons are greatly limited and for whom the cost of child care. very often, makes work not a workable choice at all.These findings, drawn from a new
44、 report by the Census Bureau, really ought to lead us to reframe our public conversations about who mothers are and why they do what they do. It should lead us away from all the moralistic bombast about mothers choices and priorities. It should get us thinking less about choice, in fact, and make us
45、 focus more on contingencies-the objective conditions that drive womens lives. And they should propel us to think about the choices that we as a society must make to guarantee that the best possible opportunities are available for all families.The basic finding of this latest report-that the more choices mothers have, the more likely they are to work-has been known, to anyone whos taken the time to seriously look into the issue. Ever since 2003, when Lisa Belkins article in The Times magazine about highly privileged a
