1、专业八级模拟612及答案解析 (总分：162.47，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Purposes of Art. A vehicle for religious ritual The 1 : primary patron of artists Traditional societies: religious or 2 . A(n) 3 of an important event Major historical event: e.g. coronation
2、Important event to the participants: e.g. a(n) 4 or a baptism . Propaganda or social commentary Purpose of propaganda: to persuade people to accept beliefs, 5 , or follow leaders Purpose of social commentary: to make people be more aware of the 6 as the artist perceives it . Recording of visual data
3、 or telling the truth New ways of capturing 7 after the Renaissance - Linear perspective - Oil painting technique Artists challenged the basic idea of what it is for an image to be true and real . Pleasing the eye or creating beauty In the past: art is the 8 of perfection, the lofty and noble ideals
4、 of beauty Modem era: The notion of beauty is 9 . A powerful means of 10 A(n) 11 of religious art of the Middle ages - The frescoes by Giotto - Norman Rockwell: tell powerful and subtle stories about 12 people and events . Conveying intense 13 Capturing the facial expression and body language Certai
5、n religious art The works of expressionists . The 14 of the subject matter Subject matter has changed little Media used have changed little Interpretation of 15 subject matter has changed as society has changed （分数：40.05）三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：35.00)（分数：15.00）A.Society.B.Gender.C.Economy.D.E
6、nvironment.A.It was dedicated to free health care.B.It adopted a socio-ecological view of health.C.It laid emphasis on clean water and comfortable housing.D.It paid special attention to environmental protection.A.Crimes.B.Discrimination.C.Urbanization.D.Womans right.A.Each factor contributes to a di
7、stinct aspect of health.B.They directly promote physical health.C.They operate separately in terms of health.D.They are interdependent and jointly promote health.A.It provides basic strategies to achieve health for all people.B.It initiates a clean-water program for underdeveloped countries.C.It com
8、es to an agreement on environmental protection.D.It enables people to enjoy free health care in Canada.（分数：20.00）A.Putting sleep ahead of any other things.B.Preventing having caffeine after breakfast.C.Making the bedroom comfortable.D.Preventing taking a long nap in the day.A.The overall color of th
9、e bedroom should be bright.B.There should be a comfortable pillow on bed.C.No computer is to be put in bedroom.D.People should not foot the bills when lying in bed.A.Ambivalent.B.Subjective.C.Objective.D.Oppositive.A.No more than an horn.B.No more than one and half hours.C.No more than two hours.D.N
10、o more than two and half hours.A.Differentiation of problem sleepers.B.Advice for the insomnious people.C.Necessity of having a good sleep.D.Different sleep habits of people.四、PART READING COMPR(总题数：1，分数：30.00)SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are four passages followed by fo
11、urteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE High in a smooth ocean of sky floated a dazzling, majestic sun. Fragment
12、s of powdery cloud, like spray flung from a wave crest, sprinkled the radiant, lake-blue heaven. Relaxed on a bundle of hay in a corner of a meadow bathed in sunlight, Paul lay dreaming. A gentle breeze was stirring the surrounding hedges; bees moved, humming thoughtfully, from scarlet poppy to purp
13、le thistle; a distant lark, invisible in blue light, was flooding the vast realm of the sky with glorious song, as the sun was flooding the earth with brilliance. Beyond the hedge a brook tinkled over softly-glowing pebbles. Butterflies hovered above nodding clover. An ant was busily exploring the u
14、ncharted territory of Pauls suntanned wrist. A grasshopper skidded briskly over his ankle. And the blazing sun was steadily scorching his fair freckled face to bright lobster, red. Neither sun, nor grasshopper, nor ant, however, was able to arouse him. Not even when a fly started crawling over his f
15、ace did he open his eyes. For Paul was a thousand miles away, in a world of eternal snow and ice. Across the towering mountain range, a bitter gale was screaming furiously as with one hand he gripped a projecting knob of rock while with his axe he hacked out the next narrow foothold in the rock. As
16、their infallible guide, he was leading his gallant party of climbers up a treacherous, vertical wall of rock towards the lofty peak above, hitherto unconquered by man. A single slip, however trivial, would probably result in death for all of them. To his right he could glimpse the furrowed glacier s
17、weeping towards the valley, but he was far too absorbed in his task to appreciate fully the scene around or even to be aware of a view of almost unearthly beauty. A sudden gust of wind nearly tore him from the ledge where he was perched. Gradually he raised his foot, tested the new foothold on the s
18、heer rock wall, transferred his weight, and signaled to the climbers below. Not until a tractor started working in the next field did he become conscious of his far from icy surroundings. He sat up, wiped his forehead with his handkerchief, glanced at his watch and sighed in resignation. He had a he
19、adache through sleeping in the hot sun, a pain in his shoulder from carrying his rucksack; his legs felt stiff and his feet ached. With no enthusiasm whatever he pulled the bulging rucksack over his shoulders and drew a large-scale map from his pocket. At the far end of the meadow two slates in the
20、wall, which at this point replaced the hedge, indicated a stile, and beyond he could faintly see a thin thread of path which dwindled and finally disappeared as it climbed the steep slope of the down, quivering in the glare of the sun. The whole of Nature seemed to be luxuriating in warmth, sunshine
21、 and peace. Wherever he looked, leaves on twigs, grass blades, flower petals, all were sparkling in sunlight. Fifteen miles off, over the ridge, across a broad valley and then over a higher, even steeper range of hills lay the youth hostel: supper, company, a cool dip in the river. With a momentary
22、intense longing for ice-axe, blizzard, glacier and heroic exploit (none of which was at all familiar to him), Paul strode off unwillingly to less dramatic but equally heroic achievement in the tropical heat of an English sun. PASSAGE TWO The need for a satisfactory education is more important than e
23、ver before. Nowadays, without a qualification from a reputable school or university, the odds of landing that plum job advertised in the paper are considerably shortened. Moreover, ones present level of education could fall well short of future career requirements. It is no secret that competition i
24、s the driving force behind the need to obtain increasingly higher qualifications. In the majority of cases, the urge to upgrade is no longer the result of an insatiable thirst for knowledge. The pressure is coming from within the workplace to compete with ever more qualified job applicants, and in m
25、any occupations one must now battle with colleagues in the reshuffle for the position one already holds. Striving to become better educated is hardly a new concept. Wealthy parents have always been willing to spend the vast amounts of extra money necessary to send their children to schools with a pe
26、rceived educational edge. Working adults have long attended night schools and refresher courses. Competition for employment has been around since the curse of working for a living began. Is the present situation so very different to that of the past? The difference now is that the push is universal
27、and from without as well as within. A student at secondary school receiving low grades is no longer as easily accepted by his or her peers as was once the case. Similarly, in the workplace, unless employees are engaged in part-time study, they may be frowned upon by their employers and peers and hav
28、e difficulty even standing still. In fact, in these cases, the expectation is for careers to go backwards and earning capacity to take an appreciable nosedive. At first glance, the situation would seem to be laudablea positive response to the exhortation by a former Prime Minister, Bob Hawke, for Au
29、stralia to become the clever country. Yet there are serious ramifications according to at least one educational psychologist. Dr. Brendan Gatsby has caused some controversy in academic circles by suggesting that a bias towards what he terms paper excellence might cause more problems than it is suppo
30、sed to solve. Gatsby raises a number of issues that affect the individual as well as society in general. Firstly, he believes the extra workload involved is resulting in abnormally high stress levels in both students at secondary school and adults studying after working hours. Secondly, skills which
31、 might be more relevant to the undertaking of a sought-after job are being overlooked by employers interviewing candidates without qualifications on paper. These two areas of concern for the individual are causing physical and emotional stress respectively. Gatsby also argues that there are attitudi
32、nal changes within society to the exalted role education now plays in determining how the spoils of working life are distributed. Individuals of all ages are being driven by social pressures to achieve academic success solely for monetary considerations instead of for the joy of enlightenment. There
33、 is the danger that some universities are becoming degree factories with an attendant drop in standards. Furthermore, our education system may be rewarding doggedness above creativitythe very thing Australians have been encouraged to avoid. But the most undesirable effect of this academic paper chas
34、e, Gatsby says, is the disadvantage user pays higher education confers on the poor, who invariably lose out to the more financially favored. Naturally, although there is agreement that learning can cause stress, Gatsbys comments regarding university standards have been roundly criticized as alarmist
35、 by most educationists who point out that, by any standard of measurement, Australias education system overall, at both secondary and tertiary levels, is equal to that of any in the world. PASSAGE THREE It takes a while, as you walk around the streets of Nantes, a city of half a million people on th
36、e banks of the Loire River, to realize just what it is that is odd. Then you get it: There are empty parking lots, which is highly unusual in big French towns. Two decades of effort to make life more livable by dissuading people from driving into town has made Nantes a beacon for other European citi
37、es seeking to shake dependence on the automobile. The effects were clear recently during Mobility Week, a campaign sponsored by the European Union that prompted more than 1,000 towns across the Continent to test ways of making their streets, if not car-free, at least manageable. That is an awfully d
38、ifficult problem, acknowledges Joel Crawford, an author and leader of the car free movement picking up adherents all over Europe. You cant take cars out of cities until there is some sort of alternative in place. But there are a lot of forces pointing in the direction of a major reduction in car use
39、, like the rise in fuel prices, and concerns about global warming. Last week, proclaiming the slogan In Town, Without My Car! hundreds of cities closed off whole chunks of their centers to all but essential traffic. Nantes closed just a few streets, preferring to focus on alternatives to driving so
40、as to promote Clever Commuting, the theme of this years EU campaign. Volunteers pedaled rickshaws along the cobbled streets, charging passengers $1.20 an hour; bikes were available for free; and city workers encouraged children to walk to school along routes supervised by adults acting as Pied Piper
41、s and picking up kids at arranged stops. The centerpiece is a state-of-the-art tramway providing service to much of the town, and a network of free, multistory parking lots to encourage commuters to park and ride. Rene Vincendo, a retired hospital worker waiting at one such parking lot for his wife
42、to return from the city center, is sold. To go into town, this is brilliant, he says. I never take my car in now. It is not cheap, though. Beyond the construction costs, City Hall subsidizes fares to the tune of 60 million euros ($72 million) a year, making passengers pay only 40 percent of operatin
43、g costs. That is the only way to draw people onto trams and buses, says de Rugy, since Nantes, like many European cities, is expanding, and commuters find themselves with ever-longer distances to travel. The danger, he warns, is that the further you go down the route of car dependence, the harder it
44、 is to return, because so many shops, schools and other services are built beyond the reach of any financially feasible public-transport network. This, adds de Rugy, means that transport policy is only half the answer. Urban planners and transport authorities have to work hand in hand to ensure that
45、 services are provided close to transport links. The carrot-and-stick approach that Nantes has takencutting back on parking in the town center and making it expensive, while improving public transporthas not reduced the number of cars on the road. But it has put a brake on the increase we would have
46、 seen otherwise and that other European cities have seen, says Dominique Godineau, head of the citys mobility department. PASSAGE FOUR Isnt it amazing how one person, sharing one idea, at the right time and place can change the course of your lifes history? This is certainly what happened in my life
47、. When I was 14, I was hitchhiking from Houston, Texas, through El Paso on my way to California. I was following my dream, journeying with the sun. I was a high school dropout with learning disabilities and was set on surfing the biggest waves in the world, first in California and then in Hawaii, wh
48、ere I would later live. Upon reaching downtown El Paso, I met an old man, a bum, on the street corner. He saw me walking, stopped me and questioned me as I passed by. He asked me if I was running away from home, I suppose because I looked so young. I told him, Not exactly, sir, since my father had given me a ride to the freeway in Houston and given me his blessings while saying, It is important to follow your dream and what is in your heart, son. The bum then asked me if he could buy me a cup of coffee. I told him, No, sir, but a soda w
