1、专业八级分类模拟445及答案解析 (总分：52.50，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LANGUAGE USAG(总题数：1，分数：25.00)It is now clear that the terminology used by a culture primarily reflects that cultures interests and concerns. For instance, Indians in the Canadas Northwest Territories typically 1 have at most 13 terms for different types an
2、d conditions of snow, 2 and most non-skiing native Southern Californians use only 2 terms 3 ice and snow. That does not mean that the English language only has 2 terms. Quite the contrary, there are many more English words that refer in different states of frozen water, such as blizzard, 4 dusting,
3、flurry, frost, hail, powder, sleet, slush, and snowflake. The point is that these terms are rare if ever used by people living in 5 tropical or subtropical regions because they seldom encounter frozen water in any form rather than ice cubes. The distinctions between 6 different snow conditions are n
4、ot relevant to everyday life and children may not even have the words explain to them. However, 7 people in these warmer regions make fine distinctions about other phenomena that are important to them. For example, coastal Southern Californians often have dozens of surfing-related words that would l
5、ikely be known to most Indians in the Northwest Territories or 8 to people living in Britain for that matter. The number of terms related to a particular topic also may be greater or smaller depend on such social factors as gender. For 9 example, North American women generally make far more color di
6、stinctions than do men. This may be largely due to the fact subtle 10 color differences are important factors in womens clothing and make-up. Parents and peers usually encourage and train girls early to be knowledgeable about these distinctions.（分数：25.00）二、PART TRANSLATION(总题数：2，分数：27.50)1.好的科普读物应该在
7、知识的传递之外，贯穿这样几个重点。首先是做人。爱因斯坦说过“伟大的科学家的成就往往还不如其人格魅力对世界的贡献大”。科学家追求真理、探索未知都是非功利的，特别是搞基础科学的，可能一辈子默默无闻，他们凭的是信念。其次，恰恰是非功利的追求带给整个人类最大的功利。科学和知识从本质上讲是属于全人类服务全社会的，现在都讲知识产权和专利，其实真正的科学家并不重视这些，科学是一代代人积累的，你在前人的基础上有所进步，那是你一个人的成果吗?科学的价值不在于专利，它只有服务人类才能体现其价值。 （分数：12.50）_2.我们中国人最重礼，因为礼是行为的规范。礼要从家庭里做起，姑举一例：为子弟者“出必告，反必面”
8、，这一点点对长辈的起码的礼，我们是否已经每日做到了呢?我看见有些个孩子们早晨起来对父母视若无睹，晚上回到家来如入无人之境，遇到长辈常常横眉冷目，不屑搭讪。这样的跋扈乖戾之气如果不早早地纠正过来，将来长大到社会服务，必将处处引起摩擦不受欢迎。我们不仅对长辈要恭敬有礼，对任何人都应该维持相当的礼貌。 （分数：15.00）_专业八级分类模拟445答案解析 (总分：52.50，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LANGUAGE USAG(总题数：1，分数：25.00)It is now clear that the terminology used by a culture primarily ref
9、lects that cultures interests and concerns. For instance, Indians in the Canadas Northwest Territories typically 1 have at most 13 terms for different types and conditions of snow, 2 and most non-skiing native Southern Californians use only 2 terms 3 ice and snow. That does not mean that the English
10、 language only has 2 terms. Quite the contrary, there are many more English words that refer in different states of frozen water, such as blizzard, 4 dusting, flurry, frost, hail, powder, sleet, slush, and snowflake. The point is that these terms are rare if ever used by people living in 5 tropical
11、or subtropical regions because they seldom encounter frozen water in any form rather than ice cubes. The distinctions between 6 different snow conditions are not relevant to everyday life and children may not even have the words explain to them. However, 7 people in these warmer regions make fine di
12、stinctions about other phenomena that are important to them. For example, coastal Southern Californians often have dozens of surfing-related words that would likely be known to most Indians in the Northwest Territories or 8 to people living in Britain for that matter. The number of terms related to
13、a particular topic also may be greater or smaller depend on such social factors as gender. For 9 example, North American women generally make far more color distinctions than do men. This may be largely due to the fact subtle 10 color differences are important factors in womens clothing and make-up.
14、 Parents and peers usually encourage and train girls early to be knowledgeable about these distinctions.（分数：25.00）解析：the the 解析 冠词冗余。Canadas Northwest Territories意为“加拿大西北地区”，为专有名词，前面不需要加冠词，因此去掉the。解析：mostleast解析 语义错误。由下文中的native Southern Californians use only 2 terms可知，此处和下句形成对比关系，即加拿大西北地区用以描述雪的术语有很
15、多，因此应用at least“至少”。解析：andwhile解析 连词误用。根据上文可知，“加拿大西北地区的印第安人的语言中至少有13个描述雪的不同种类和状况的术语”，而下文又提到“南部的加利福尼亚土著居民仅有2个此类术语”，由此可见此处应表达转折对比关系，应该用while来连接。解析：into解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。refer to意为“涉及，关于”。此处意为“还有很多英语单词是关于结冰的水的不同状态的”。解析：rarerarely解析 词性混用。此处用来修饰used，应使用副词rarely。此句意为“在热带或者亚热带地区，即使这些术语曾被使用过，其几率也是很小的。”解析：rathero
16、ther解析 固定搭配误用。根据上下文可知，此句意为“因为除了冰块之外，他们很少能够遇到其他形式的结冰的水。”rather than意为“而不是”，other than意为“除了”，根据句意应该用后者。解析：explainexplained解析 动词形式错误。have sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，have sth. done意为“使某事被做”。此处意为“孩子们甚至可能都没有听过这些单词的解释”，explain与words之间是动宾关系，因此将explain改为过去分词explained。解析：knownunknown解析 语义错误。根据上下文可知，此处意为“南部加利福尼亚沿海
17、的居民有着很多与冲浪有关的单词，而这些单词很可能并不为西北部的大多数印第安人所知”。因此应将known改为unknown。解析：dependdepending解析 动词形式错误。此句意为“跟某些话题相关的术语使用数量的多少可能取决于一些诸如性别之类的社会因素。”这句话为主系表结构，不缺少成分，depend on作状语，应该使用现在分词形式。解析：factthat解析 从句引导词缺失。此句意为“这主要归因于这样一个事实，即微小的颜色差别是女士们穿衣和化妆的重要因素。”这句话的主干是This may be largely due to the fact，fact后面是同位语从句，引导词that不能
18、省略。二、PART TRANSLATION(总题数：2，分数：27.50)1.好的科普读物应该在知识的传递之外，贯穿这样几个重点。首先是做人。爱因斯坦说过“伟大的科学家的成就往往还不如其人格魅力对世界的贡献大”。科学家追求真理、探索未知都是非功利的，特别是搞基础科学的，可能一辈子默默无闻，他们凭的是信念。其次，恰恰是非功利的追求带给整个人类最大的功利。科学和知识从本质上讲是属于全人类服务全社会的，现在都讲知识产权和专利，其实真正的科学家并不重视这些，科学是一代代人积累的，你在前人的基础上有所进步，那是你一个人的成果吗?科学的价值不在于专利，它只有服务人类才能体现其价值。 （分数：12.50）_
19、正确答案：()解析：Scientists never seek after the truth and the unknown in a utilitarian way. Those focusing on basic science, in particular, may not have any fame in their whole life, but do have their faith to rely on. Secondly, the ultimate benefit for human is derived from those pursuits not involved in
20、 utilitarianism. Science and knowledge in essence belong to all the men and serve the whole society. And those real scientists take no account of intellectual property rights and patents in the air. They consider that science is improved through generations and a little step forward is by no means o
21、wed to any single one of them. The value of science is embodied in serving human instead of being granted any patents.2.我们中国人最重礼，因为礼是行为的规范。礼要从家庭里做起，姑举一例：为子弟者“出必告，反必面”，这一点点对长辈的起码的礼，我们是否已经每日做到了呢?我看见有些个孩子们早晨起来对父母视若无睹，晚上回到家来如入无人之境，遇到长辈常常横眉冷目，不屑搭讪。这样的跋扈乖戾之气如果不早早地纠正过来，将来长大到社会服务，必将处处引起摩擦不受欢迎。我们不仅对长辈要恭敬有礼，对
22、任何人都应该维持相当的礼貌。 （分数：15.00）_正确答案：()解析：We Chinese set great store by propriety because it is the accepted rules of social behavior. Propriety begins from the family. For example, children should keep their parents informed of their whereabouts. That is the ABC of good manners on the part of children. Y
23、et some children just ignore their parents when they get up in the morning or come back from school. They often pull a long face and refuse to converse when they meet their elders. If they continue to be so cocky and willful without correcting themselves as soon as possible, they will never get alon
24、g well with other people some day as members of society. We should be polite not only to our elders, but also to all people. 解析 1.本文节选自英语世界2009年第8期的散文养成好习惯。梁实秋著，张培基译。 2.“出必告，反必面”出自三字经，翻译时可根据意思直接翻译成children should keep their parents informed of their whereabouts。 3.“起码的礼”指的是最基本的礼貌，因此可译为“the ABC of good manners”，也可译为the basics/fundamentals of good manners。 4.“处处引起摩擦”指的是与人相处不好，所以可以译作not get along well with others。
