1、专业八级分类模拟443及答案解析 (总分：45.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LANGUAGE USAG(总题数：1，分数：25.00)There are several possible relationships between language and society. One is that social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure and behavior. Certain evidence may support this view: age-grading phenom
2、enon 1 whereby young children speak differently from older children and, in a turn, children speak differently from mature adults; studies 2 which show that the varieties of language that speakers use reflect such matters like their regional, social, or ethnic origin and possibly 3 even their sex (o
3、r gender); and other studies which show that particular ways of speaking, choices of words, and even rules for conversing are in fact highly determined by certain social requirements. A second possible relationship is directly opposed the first: 4 linguistic structure and behavior may either influen
4、ce or determine social structure. A third possible relationship is that the influence is hi-direc- tional: language and society may influence each other. A fourth possibility is to assume that there is no relationship at all between linguistic structure and social structure and that every is 5 indep
5、endent of the other. A variant of this possibility would be to say that, because there might be some such relationship, present attempts 6 to characterize it is essentially premature, given what we know about 7 both language and society. Actually, this variant view appears to be the one which Chomsk
6、y himself holds: he prefers to develop an 8 asocial linguistics as a preliminary to many other kind of linguistics, 9 such an asocial approach being, in his view, logically superior. 10 （分数：25.00）二、PART TRANSLATION(总题数：2，分数：20.00)1.我茫茫然走在路上，一个汉子迎面而来，冲着我唤：“苏婉娜，苏婉娜” 我吃了一惊，停住步，那汉子也一怔，流泛出一脸腼腆与失望，低着头喋喋地说
7、：“对不起，我认错了人” 我定一定神，接着是怦然而动的心跳。这汉子脸上的腼腆和忸怩的神态多么像他。 一阵短暂的犹豫和迷惑过后，我抬头向前望去，那汉子已没入人群里去了。他在我怅惘之中悄悄而来，又在我激动之中突然消失。 大大小小的各种各式的水灯，它们在水上划起一线线希望之光。我回首寻找刚才我放落的那盏水灯，只见水波潾潾，灯光闪闪，究竟哪一盏是我的水灯? 天上的月亮和河里的水灯是今晚最好的装饰，而我却在美丽的景色之外。 悠悠的惆怅，丝丝的寒风，以及那眼熟的忸怩正伴着我回家。 （分数：10.00）_2.我读过一本译著中的一番话：科学成就了一些伟大的改变，但却没能改变人生的基本事实。人类未能征服自然，只
8、不过服从了自然，避免了一些可避免的困难，但没能除绝祸害。地震、飓风，以及类似的大骚动都提醒人们，宇宙还没有尽人自己的掌握。事实上，人类的苦难何止于天灾，还有人祸；何止于人祸，还有个人难以言状的不幸。尤其是个人不幸，即使在未来高度发达了的理想社会里，也会忠实地伴随着人生啊! 由此，自古而今的仁人志士都常怀忧国忧民之心。中国知识分子从屈原以来尽皆“哀民生之多艰”；中国之外的伯特兰罗素也说过，三种单纯然而极其强烈的激情支配着他的一生。他说，那是对爱情的渴望，对知识的寻求，对人类苦难痛彻肺腑的怜悯。他说，爱情和知识把他向上导往天堂，但怜悯又总是把他带回人间。痛苦的呼喊在他们中反响、回荡。因为无助于人类
9、，他说他感到痛苦。 （分数：10.00）_专业八级分类模拟443答案解析 (总分：45.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LANGUAGE USAG(总题数：1，分数：25.00)There are several possible relationships between language and society. One is that social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure and behavior. Certain evidence may support this view
10、: age-grading phenomenon 1 whereby young children speak differently from older children and, in a turn, children speak differently from mature adults; studies 2 which show that the varieties of language that speakers use reflect such matters like their regional, social, or ethnic origin and possibly
11、 3 even their sex (or gender); and other studies which show that particular ways of speaking, choices of words, and even rules for conversing are in fact highly determined by certain social requirements. A second possible relationship is directly opposed the first: 4 linguistic structure and behavio
12、r may either influence or determine social structure. A third possible relationship is that the influence is hi-direc- tional: language and society may influence each other. A fourth possibility is to assume that there is no relationship at all between linguistic structure and social structure and t
13、hat every is 5 independent of the other. A variant of this possibility would be to say that, because there might be some such relationship, present attempts 6 to characterize it is essentially premature, given what we know about 7 both language and society. Actually, this variant view appears to be
14、the one which Chomsky himself holds: he prefers to develop an 8 asocial linguistics as a preliminary to many other kind of linguistics, 9 such an asocial approach being, in his view, logically superior. 10 （分数：25.00）解析：age-gradingthe解析 冠词缺失。本句的age-grading phenomenon为特指的某种现象，故需要在其前加定冠词the。解析：a- a 解析
15、冠词冗余。in turn为固定搭配，意思是“反过来，转而”，故将中间的a去掉。解析：likeas解析 固定搭配错误。such.as.为固定搭配，意思是“比如，诸如”，而没有such.like.这样的搭配，故将like改为as。解析：opposedto解析 介词缺失。be opposed to的意思是“反对，与相反”，因此需要在opposed后面加介词to。解析：everyeach解析 代词误用。each和every虽然都表示“每一个”，但用法不同，each可以单独作主语，而every则必须接名词，故将句中的every改为each。解析：becausealthough解析 连词误用。此处连词后面
16、的句子表达的意思分别是“两者之间或许存在着某些这样的关系”和“关于这种关系的结论还不成熟”。这两句的逻辑关系为让步关系，而非因果关系，故将连词because改为although。解析：isare解析 主谓不一致。该句的主语为present attempts，为复数形式，故谓语动词应为be动词的复数形式are。解析：whichthat解析 关系代词误用。该句中one后面接一个定语从句，其先行词为不定代词，因此只能用that引导，故将which改为that。解析：manyany解析 代词误用。后面other kind为单数形式，且此处的意思是“其他任何类型的语言学”，故将many改为any。解析：
17、superiorprior解析 词义混淆。根据前文可知，Chomsky倾向于开发一种孤立语言学来作为其他任何种类的语言学的基础。superior意为“上级的，优越的”，prior意为“优先的，在前的”，根据上文中的preliminary to可知，该处应该为preliminary的近义词，故将superior改为prior。二、PART TRANSLATION(总题数：2，分数：20.00)1.我茫茫然走在路上，一个汉子迎面而来，冲着我唤：“苏婉娜，苏婉娜” 我吃了一惊，停住步，那汉子也一怔，流泛出一脸腼腆与失望，低着头喋喋地说：“对不起，我认错了人” 我定一定神，接着是怦然而动的心跳。这汉子
18、脸上的腼腆和忸怩的神态多么像他。 一阵短暂的犹豫和迷惑过后，我抬头向前望去，那汉子已没入人群里去了。他在我怅惘之中悄悄而来，又在我激动之中突然消失。 大大小小的各种各式的水灯，它们在水上划起一线线希望之光。我回首寻找刚才我放落的那盏水灯，只见水波潾潾，灯光闪闪，究竟哪一盏是我的水灯? 天上的月亮和河里的水灯是今晚最好的装饰，而我却在美丽的景色之外。 悠悠的惆怅，丝丝的寒风，以及那眼熟的忸怩正伴着我回家。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：Hesitated and confused for a while, I raised my head and looked forward, bu
19、t the man had already disappeared into the crowd. He came to me quietly when I felt disconsolate but left suddenly when I was excited. Water lamps of all sizes and various styles were streaking the water with glimmers of hope. I turned my head to look for the lamp I had just put into the river, only
20、 to find the water shimmering and candle lights flickering. Which one on earth was mine? The moon in the sky and the water lamps in the river were the best decorations tonight, but I was not in the beautiful scene.2.我读过一本译著中的一番话：科学成就了一些伟大的改变，但却没能改变人生的基本事实。人类未能征服自然，只不过服从了自然，避免了一些可避免的困难，但没能除绝祸害。地震、飓风，
21、以及类似的大骚动都提醒人们，宇宙还没有尽人自己的掌握。事实上，人类的苦难何止于天灾，还有人祸；何止于人祸，还有个人难以言状的不幸。尤其是个人不幸，即使在未来高度发达了的理想社会里，也会忠实地伴随着人生啊! 由此，自古而今的仁人志士都常怀忧国忧民之心。中国知识分子从屈原以来尽皆“哀民生之多艰”；中国之外的伯特兰罗素也说过，三种单纯然而极其强烈的激情支配着他的一生。他说，那是对爱情的渴望，对知识的寻求，对人类苦难痛彻肺腑的怜悯。他说，爱情和知识把他向上导往天堂，但怜悯又总是把他带回人间。痛苦的呼喊在他们中反响、回荡。因为无助于人类，他说他感到痛苦。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：Sci
22、ence did make great changes, but it has never changed the basic facts of life. Human beings have never conquered the nature; they just obey the nature, avoiding some avoidable troubles. But disasters are always there. The occurrence of earthquake, hurricane and the similar tumult reminds people that
23、 the universe has not fallen in the grasp of humans. In fact, human sufferings are far more than natural disasters. Besides these, there are also man-made disasters, and there are those unspeakable personal misfortunes as well. Especially those personal misfortunes will accompany people faithfully for their whole life, even in the highly advanced and ideal society in the future.
