1、专业八级分类模拟422及答案解析 (总分：39.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LANGUAGE USAG(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation. Too much conflict leads to divisiveness and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, so, can spark creativity
2、and motivate people in a healthy 1 and competitive way. Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be complex to 2 determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the
3、executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for non-profit organizations. Somewhat surprised, Schwenk found that opinions about 3 conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in non-profit organizations strongly believed that conf
4、lict was beneficial to their organizations and that they promoted higher quality decision-making than might be 4 achieved at the absence of conflict. 5 Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to good quality dec
5、ision-making in their organizations. Schwenk 6 interpreted these results in the terms of the criteria for effective 7 decision-making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was mostly often 8 assessed in financial terms. The executives believe
6、d that consensus other than conflict enhanced financial indicators. 9 In the non-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Giving 10 the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents, executive
7、s perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.（分数：25.00）二、PART WRITING(总题数：1，分数：14.00)1.题目要求：The rapidly developing technology disturbs the relationship between parents and their children, which is now rated a social problem that we need to pay attention to and guard agai
8、nst. Read the following article carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the research findings; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the abov
9、e instructions may result in a loss of marks. The increased presence of technology in the daily life of modern children has caused the relationship between parents and their children to be affected. Khan, an educator, did a study on the relationship between the duration of adolescents (14 to 18 year
10、s old) technology usage on computer, mobile phone and video games and their relationship with their parents. This research was done in a New York high school on 63 students. These students represent a generation that has been exposed to technology the most throughout their lifetime. It was found tha
11、t when they spent long time on computers, the closeness towards parents diminished. On the other hand, there was no correlation to be found between the usage of mobile and the closeness with parents as mobile phone is still a way for both parents and their children to communicate. Similarly, another
12、 research also has shown that relationship between children and their family members is affected by the amount of time they spend on the Internet. Young (a psychologist) investigated whether any decline and loss of desire for face-to-face communication with their use was related to Internet surfing.
13、 The age range (14 to 18 years old) of this study was controlled because there may be restrictions implied in their use of Internet by parents and also because that generation is being exposed much to technology since birth. Youngs research found that students use the Internet more often, which in t
14、urn causes them to spend less time with their family. Plus, the desire for face-to-face communication with family members declined when more time was spent on the Internet. Children who spend hours on the Internet will find that there is not much time left for any other types of interaction or bondi
15、ng time with their family. Consequently, children and their parents as family members will have a poorer relationship instead of being able to maintain a stronger family relationship. On top of that, Lee (a scholar) reported that the use of computer for recreational and communication purposes among
16、1,312 adolescents from the United States (age 12 to 18) replaced their time with their parents and Lees result had showed an increase of 1 hour in computer-mediated communication results in a decrease of 2d minutes in time with parents. Lees finding shows a negative correlation between the time spen
17、t on computer and on parent-child relationship. However, one drawback that was found in Lees study was that she did not consider including the specific type of online activity and also the type of social networking sites. Punamaki, Wallenius, Holtto, Nygard, and Rimpelas research had shown similarit
18、ies in their findings. Their research was conducted on 478 Finnish children and adolescents from seven schools. The result found that using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for entertainment is related to poor peer and parental relations. In addition, engaging in intensive Internet sur
19、fing however was found to associate with poor maternal relation which is seen most in daughter-mother communication. As there is only 24 hours in a day, the time used on the computer will reduce the time spent on other activities. Thus, the relationship between parents and children are affected by t
20、he usage of ICT causing both parents and children to have poor communication with one another, when communication is essential in building a strong parent-child relationship. （分数：14.00）_专业八级分类模拟422答案解析 (总分：39.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LANGUAGE USAG(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Conventional wisdom about conflict seems p
21、retty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation. Too much conflict leads to divisiveness and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, so, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy 1 and competitive way. Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, s
22、uggests that the optimal level of conflict may be complex to 2 determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for non-profit organizations. Somewhat surprised, Sch
23、wenk found that opinions about 3 conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in non-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that they promoted higher quality decision-making than might be 4 ac
24、hieved at the absence of conflict. 5 Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to good quality decision-making in their organizations. Schwenk 6 interpreted these results in the terms of the criteria for effective
25、 7 decision-making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was mostly often 8 assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus other than conflict enhanced financial indicators. 9 In the non-profit organizations, decision-mak
26、ing effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Giving 10 the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents, executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.（分数：25.00）解析：sohowever解析 衔接副词误用。上文分别列举了争论
27、太少、争论太多和争论适量的情况，是几种情况的对比，因此此处上下文没有因果关系，应该用表示转折关系的however。解析：bemore解析 形容词比较级错误。本句的意思是“比起那些简单的概括，争论的最优水平因较复杂而难以确定”，且从后面的than一词可看出这里用了比较级，所以应该是more complex。解析：surprisedsurprisingly解析 词性混用。surprised是形容词，意思是“惊奇的”，surprising的意思是“令人惊奇的”，而且此处需要单独的副词作状语，所以用surprisingly。解析：theyit解析 代词误用。此处的代词应指代conflict，意为“争论
28、会促进高质量的决策”，所以用it。解析：atin解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。in the absence of是固定搭配，意思是“缺少，缺乏”。解析：goodpoor解析 语义错误。本句的意思是“他们认为争论一般都具有破坏性，通常会导致低质量的决策。”所以语义上应该是和damaging一致的，用poor quality。解析：the the 解析 固定搭配中的冠词冗余。in terms of是固定搭配，意为“以的方式”。解析：mostlymost解析 副词误用。mostly作副词表示“多半地，主要地”，而此处应该用最高级修饰often，表示“经常”。解析：otherrather解析 语义错误。
29、other than的意思是“除了，不同于”，而rather than的意思是“而不是”，本句意思是“管理人员认为，意见一致而不是争论更能增强金融指标”，所以应该用rather than。解析：GivingGiven解析 动词形式错误。given在这里是介词，意思是“考虑到，鉴于，由于”，而giving只是动词give的动名词形式，没有这个用法，此句的意思是“考虑到要使不同成员满意是复杂且不确定的，管理人员们认为争论会带来更加深思熟虑和可接受的决定。”二、PART WRITING(总题数：1，分数：14.00)1.题目要求：The rapidly developing technology d
30、isturbs the relationship between parents and their children, which is now rated a social problem that we need to pay attention to and guard against. Read the following article carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the research findings; 2. gi
31、ve your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. The increased presence of technology in the daily life of modern children has caused the relationship between
32、parents and their children to be affected. Khan, an educator, did a study on the relationship between the duration of adolescents (14 to 18 years old) technology usage on computer, mobile phone and video games and their relationship with their parents. This research was done in a New York high schoo
33、l on 63 students. These students represent a generation that has been exposed to technology the most throughout their lifetime. It was found that when they spent long time on computers, the closeness towards parents diminished. On the other hand, there was no correlation to be found between the usag
34、e of mobile and the closeness with parents as mobile phone is still a way for both parents and their children to communicate. Similarly, another research also has shown that relationship between children and their family members is affected by the amount of time they spend on the Internet. Young (a
35、psychologist) investigated whether any decline and loss of desire for face-to-face communication with their use was related to Internet surfing. The age range (14 to 18 years old) of this study was controlled because there may be restrictions implied in their use of Internet by parents and also beca
36、use that generation is being exposed much to technology since birth. Youngs research found that students use the Internet more often, which in turn causes them to spend less time with their family. Plus, the desire for face-to-face communication with family members declined when more time was spent
37、on the Internet. Children who spend hours on the Internet will find that there is not much time left for any other types of interaction or bonding time with their family. Consequently, children and their parents as family members will have a poorer relationship instead of being able to maintain a st
38、ronger family relationship. On top of that, Lee (a scholar) reported that the use of computer for recreational and communication purposes among 1,312 adolescents from the United States (age 12 to 18) replaced their time with their parents and Lees result had showed an increase of 1 hour in computer-
39、mediated communication results in a decrease of 2d minutes in time with parents. Lees finding shows a negative correlation between the time spent on computer and on parent-child relationship. However, one drawback that was found in Lees study was that she did not consider including the specific type
40、 of online activity and also the type of social networking sites. Punamaki, Wallenius, Holtto, Nygard, and Rimpelas research had shown similarities in their findings. Their research was conducted on 478 Finnish children and adolescents from seven schools. The result found that using Information and
41、Communication Technology (ICT) for entertainment is related to poor peer and parental relations. In addition, engaging in intensive Internet surfing however was found to associate with poor maternal relation which is seen most in daughter-mother communication. As there is only 24 hours in a day, the
42、 time used on the computer will reduce the time spent on other activities. Thus, the relationship between parents and children are affected by the usage of ICT causing both parents and children to have poor communication with one another, when communication is essential in building a strong parent-c
43、hild relationship. （分数：14.00）_正确答案：()解析：高分范文 Family Relationship and TechnologySeveral studies (though possibly with a few exceptions) which were conducted in different areas have shown that technology affects the relationship between parents and their children. It seems that when the children spent
44、 long time on modem technologies like computers, the closeness to their parents diminish because children spend less time with their parents, showing that regular communication is fundamental in establishing a strong parent-child relationship. The effect of technology on parent-child relationship il
45、lustrates the facts that firstly, many students are nowadays spending or wasting a lot of time on surfing. It is true that a computer is connected with the academic success of a student for it offers a unique platform to get access to the most up-to-date information. However, we should not undermine
46、 the fact that many students use their laptops chatting, playing computer games, watching soup operas all day long (or even by skipping classes). Secondly, the parent-child relationship depends much on communication. Smartphones and wifi nowadays make it convenient to realize the purpose of online c
47、hatting, watching videos, sending emails or using various apps. As a result, the family members are reluctant to talk to each other. The pro is that such technologies do help us communicate with our family members, but the con is that the real duration for communication is far less than we use them
48、for visual and acoustic joy. The study and our common sense show that there is no exaggeration to say technology drives us, generationally, apart. To protect us from such a disaster, both the parents and children should have the willpower to temporarily get away from the technological gadgets and transfer our attention to the face-to-face communication with our family members. Just as the American psychologist Joyce Brothers once said, When you
