1、专业八级分类模拟421及答案解析 (总分：45.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LANGUAGE USAG(总题数：1，分数：25.00)In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads counted 1 for under 70 percent of the total ton-
2、miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers are completed, just four railroads will 2 control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers. Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow substantial cost reductions and better coordinated
3、 service. 3 Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that as heavy 4 bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals and grain, trucking is too cost and the railroads therefore have them 5 by the throat. The vast
4、consolidation within the rail industry means that the 6 most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such captive shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers whom feel they are being overcharged have the r
5、ight to 7 appeal for the federal governments Surface Transportation Board for 8 rate relief, and the process is expensive, time-consuming. and will 9 work only in truly extreme cases. Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers in 10 the grounds that in the long run it reduces eve
6、ryones cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.（分数：25.00）二、PART WRITING(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.In Ju
7、ly 2016, a game app called Pokmon Go was released jointly by Nintendo and the Pokmon Company. Since its release, the world has gone crazy about this game. From the following two excerpts, you can see peoples enthusiasm about it and some of its pros and cons.Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words
8、, in which you should: 1. summarize the main points of the pros and cons of Pokmon Go , and then 2. express your opinion towards this virtual reality game, especially how to eliminate the risks entailed in it and make it safer to enjoy. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficienc
9、y, organization, and language quality.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. （分数：20.00）_专业八级分类模拟421答案解析 (总分：45.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LANGUAGE USAG(总题数：1，分数：25.00)In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heighten
10、ed concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads counted 1 for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers are completed, just four railroads will 2 control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers. S
11、upporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. 3 Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that as heavy 4 bulk commodities traveling long distances,
12、such as coal, chemicals and grain, trucking is too cost and the railroads therefore have them 5 by the throat. The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that the 6 most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such captive shippers 20 to 30 percent more th
13、an they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers whom feel they are being overcharged have the right to 7 appeal for the federal governments Surface Transportation Board for 8 rate relief, and the process is expensive, time-consuming. and will 9 work only in truly extreme cas
14、es. Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers in 10 the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyones cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so,
15、 leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.（分数：25.00）解析：countedaccounted解析 形近词误用。account for是固定搭配，表示“占比例”。本句意思是“在1995年，四大铁路占据铁路运输总量的70%。”解析：areis解析 主谓不一致。因为该句主语中心词“一系列”是作为一个整体考虑的，为单数意义，故应把are改为is。解析：allowfor解析 介词缺失。allow作及物动词表示“允许”，而此处allow作不及物动词讲，意思是“考虑，顾及”，如果接宾语的话需要使用
16、介词for，如：In calculating profit，retailers must allow for breakage and spoilage“计算利润时，零售商们必须考虑破损情况。”解析：asfor解析 介词误用。as表示“作为”，而此处是说“对于”体积超大的货物运输来讲，因此使用for更合适。解析：costcostly解析 词性混用。cost只能作名词或动词，而此处需要形容词costly，表示“卡车运输成本太高”。解析：the the 解析 冠词冗余。这里most不是最高级，而是表示“大多数”，因此不需要定冠词the。解析：whomwho解析 关系代词误用。此处定语从句的先行词s
17、hippers在句中作主语，不能使用代指宾语的whom。解析：forto解析 介词误用。appeal for表示“请求”，而这里说“如果发货人觉得自己被多收费了，可以向水陆运输委员会提起上诉。”表示“向上诉”的词组是appeal to，故将for改为to。解析：第一个andbut解析 连词误用。上句说“发货人可以向水陆运输委员会提起上诉，请求减价”，下句说“这个过程既花钱，又耗时，而且仅仅是在极端情况下才会有效”，由此可见这两句是转折关系，而不是顺承关系。解析：inon解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。off the grounds表示“以为由，以为条件”。二、PART WRITING(总题数：1，
18、分数：20.00)1.In July 2016, a game app called Pokmon Go was released jointly by Nintendo and the Pokmon Company. Since its release, the world has gone crazy about this game. From the following two excerpts, you can see peoples enthusiasm about it and some of its pros and cons.Write an article of NO LES
19、S THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize the main points of the pros and cons of Pokmon Go , and then 2. express your opinion towards this virtual reality game, especially how to eliminate the risks entailed in it and make it safer to enjoy. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, co
20、ntent sufficiency, organization, and language quality.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：范文1 Pokmon Goers Go CrazySince it was released, people across ages, genders and races have become crazy about Pokmon Go . The most important reason for i
21、ts huge success is that for the first time in the history of smartphone games, the digital world is perfectly integrated with the real world. Instead of just sitting at home and facing their smartphones lonely, otakus and couch potatoes have begun to come out of the virtual world to seek adventures
22、in the real world. Because of this game, people have become more willing to exercise outdoors. News about Pokmon Goers travelling miles through mountains and seas comes out every day. When trying to find out the hidden Pokmons, people begin to notice things they ignore before, like some fascinating
23、corners of their own gardens and some exotic animals in the forests. Pokmon Go blends exercise, enjoyment and discovery into one activity. Along the way to catch Pokmons, people begin to talk with strangers who instantly feel friendlier and closer to each other because they share the same interest.
24、Neighbors who seem too busy to talk with each other in daily life start to chat about their work and family after battling for some Pokmons. It is so much fun and helps people socialize at greater ease. Moreover, in this modern world where people are frightened by reports of terrorism and then get p
25、aranoid, Pokmon Go is the silver lining along the cloud. It lifts up peoples spirit, lightens peoples hope and thus eases social anxiety. 范文2 Pokmon Go Goes RiskyWhile people are charmed by this newly released game, some people express their concern about the game players safety. Pokmon Go is highly
26、 praised for providing an excellent opportunity for people to come outdoors to exercise and socialize. However, the real world is not as safe and simple as the digital world. Along with the good news comes the bad news about people killed in accidents when seeking Pokmons . They pay so much attentio
27、n to their smartphones that they become totally unaware of the surroundings in the real world. They may fall off the cliffs and fall into waters and get drowned. They may be hit by vehicles and killed due to deadly injuries. Except for these unintentionally invited accidents, people may get harmed b
28、y evil people who take advantage of the players innocence and simplicity. They dont share the same interest in the game, but they can still use the app to set up lures to attract players. After the players are guided to some secluded places, they may be robbed, kidnapped or even murdered. Whats more
29、, although the game is said to be able to help people relax and heal peoples depression, one phycologist cautions that it may actually put people into a more intense state. When catching Pokmons , people feel to be assigned a mission which they have to devote all their energy to fulfilling. If this state goes on for a long time, people will be exhausted, hence greater pressure.
