1、专业八级分类模拟419及答案解析 (总分：75.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Evolution of the English Language. LEXICON The vocabulary of English is immense and 1 The sequence of adopting new vocabulary into English Latin wordsNorse words 2 reek and Latin New ideas a
2、lso created the need for new words 3 : borrowed words from Latin for merchant-trading Government: borrowed words from French 4 bring in new words . GRAMMAR The English case system was 5 after Norman Conquest Grammar changes were much 6 than lexicon Invented in 17th century and borrowed Latin rules S
3、tandard English: universal rules of grammar Even Standard English roles do not remain 7 Example: it is now acceptable or necessary to a) end in a(n) 8 b) begin with a coordinating conjunction c) use a(n) 9 between the second to last item in a series . SEMANTICS Dictionaries give meanings and a brief
4、 account of the words etymology Etymology helps us understand how the semantics 10 Example: a) sinister used to mean on the left, today it means 11 b) hot and cool now describe temperature or being attractive or 12 . 13 Example of black English Features: a) elimination of T sound and substitution of
5、 w sound b) often drop 14 at the end of words Reason: African-Americans applied 15 rules of phonics to English words （分数：30.00）三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：35.00)（分数：15.00）A.Establishing online education project is something like building a supermarket.B.Internet technology can broaden digital gap
6、 between the poor and the rich.C.The biggest problem of online education in China is the human mind.D.We have to humanize technology in online courseware development.A.They do not have enough money.B.They do not have the technology.C.They do not have the relevant personnel.D.They do not make good us
7、e of the available technologies.A.How to write computer codes.B.How to integrate various materials.C.How to humanize technology.D.How to computerize concepts of education.A.The technology is not mature enough.B.It is difficult to develop an online testing program.C.It costs too much to develop and i
8、mplement such a program.D.It is difficult to check the identity of an examinee.A.It is easy to implement.B.Results of it are unbelievable.C.Safe monitoring testing is credible.D.It is quite widely used in China.（分数：20.00）A.The paper products.B.The cleaning products.C.The cereals.D.The meats.A.Someon
9、e with ticket and carry-ons.B.Someone with ticket and baggage to check.C.Someone with printing boarding pass and carry-ons.D.Someone with printing boarding pass and baggage to check.A.Christmas cards.B.Envelope flaps.C.Color pens.D.Napkins.A.In the kitchen.B.At the front door.C.In the bathroom.D.In
10、the bedroom.A.How to save time.B.How to do chores.C.How to bank online.D.How to shop online.四、PART LANGUAGE USAG(总题数：1，分数：10.00)After the year 1600, the British Empire began to spread English around the world. That process was given a huge boost in the 20th century through the business, technology a
11、nd post-war reconstruction effects 1 of the US. Beyond this, there were a number of quite extraordinary ends in culture, science and the arts that were reinforced these developments. 2 Many of these were spontaneous, but others were high deliberatethe 3 work of the British Council, for example. Eith
12、er way, English now stands challenged as the worlds international language. 4 But the English language also has some inherent qualities that enabled this process even far. English is a mongrel language 5 that has always borrowed heavily from the other languages. This has allowed to grow quickly, fle
13、xibly, and efficiently. It has developed 6 spontaneously without an Academic Francaise to restrict it, for example, so 7 it has intended towards a simplificationfrom a more highly inflected 8 language towards becoming a less highly inflected one. Therefore, almost every educated person in the entire
14、 world knows 9 some English. Very few people anywhere would not consider it essential 10 part of an education in science, art, business, etc. Theres a pretty clear dynamic at work here.（分数：10.00）专业八级分类模拟419答案解析 (总分：75.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：30
15、.00)Evolution of the English Language. LEXICON The vocabulary of English is immense and 1 The sequence of adopting new vocabulary into English Latin wordsNorse words 2 reek and Latin New ideas also created the need for new words 3 : borrowed words from Latin for merchant-trading Government: borrowed
16、 words from French 4 bring in new words . GRAMMAR The English case system was 5 after Norman Conquest Grammar changes were much 6 than lexicon Invented in 17th century and borrowed Latin rules Standard English: universal rules of grammar Even Standard English roles do not remain 7 Example: it is now
17、 acceptable or necessary to a) end in a(n) 8 b) begin with a coordinating conjunction c) use a(n) 9 between the second to last item in a series . SEMANTICS Dictionaries give meanings and a brief account of the words etymology Etymology helps us understand how the semantics 10 Example: a) sinister us
18、ed to mean on the left, today it means 11 b) hot and cool now describe temperature or being attractive or 12 . 13 Example of black English Features: a) elimination of T sound and substitution of w sound b) often drop 14 at the end of words Reason: African-Americans applied 15 rules of phonics to Eng
19、lish words （分数：30.00）解析：(constantly) growing/(constantly)increasing 听力原文 Evolution of the English LanguageGood morning, everyone. Today, we are going to talk about the evolution of the English language. As we all know, there are four major parts to every language system: lexicon, grammar, semantics,
20、 and phonology. When linguists study a language they are most concerned with these four systems. And today we shall examine the English language in these four aspects. First of all, a languages lexicon is its vocabulary. This is the system that dictionaries are most concerned with. The lexicon of th
21、e English language is immense and constantly growing. To better understand this, it is helpful to consider the history of the English language. English began as a Germanic dialect spoken by the Anglo-Saxons. During the Roman Empire, many Latin words were adopted into the English language through Ang
22、lo-Saxon dealings with Romans. In CE 877, England was divided in half after the Viking invasions of the Norsemen. Because of this, many Norse words were implemented into the English language. The procurement of many French words occurred in a similar manner after the Norman Conquest. The English Ren
23、aissance of the 16th and 17th centuries sparked new ideas which created a need for new words; many words were borrowed from Greek and Latin at that time. New ideas have most often created the need for new words. The Anglo-Saxons of the 5th century were new to the concept of merchant-trading, so they
24、 borrowed Latin words for the things and concepts that were new to them. The same is true about religion and government. When the Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity, many Latin words were adopted. After the Norman Conquest, a change in the type of government required the implementation of m
25、any French words. Today, words like computer, internet, and search engine are common, but fifty years ago they were unheard-of concepts. New ideas, advances in technology in this example, continue to require additions to the English vocabulary. Dictionaries must be frequently updated in order to rem
26、ain reliable sources of Englishs lexicon. The second system, grammar, also evolved throughout history. A change in grammar and sound structure occurred with the introduction of Norse. The English case system was simplified in its dealings with the French after the Norman Conquest. In his essay, Good
27、 English and Bad, Bill Bryson states: One of the undoubted virtues of English is that it is a fluid language in which meanings change and shift in response to the pressures of common usage. Grammar, like lexicon, has evolved when necessary, though it has done so at a much slower pace. English gramma
28、r was invented in the 17th century and involved placing the roles of Latin onto the English language. Since then, many committees have been established in an effort to regulate English grammar and usage but were consistently unsuccessful. The notion that English should have universal rules of gramma
29、r led to the idea of Standard English. Standard English is the dialect of the English language that is spoken by educated people and based entirely on grammar. It is the form of English that is taught to foreign language students. Although it would seem that such rules of grammar would remain consis
30、tent, one cannot depend on an outdated grammar book to be a reliable source. In elementary school grammar courses, I was taught that it was grammatically incorrect to end a sentence with a preposition or begin one with a coordinating conjunction, and it was unnecessary to use a comma between the sec
31、ond to last item in a series and the coordinating conjunction that follows it. Those rules have all changed. Standard English now allows sentences to end in a preposition or begin with a coordinating conjunction, and the extra comma is necessary. Thirdly, about semantics. To study semantics is to st
32、udy the meaning of words. Many dictionaries today not only give the current meaning of the word but also include a brief abstract of the words etymology. To understand how semantics evolves, it is helpful to look at the etymology of words in the English language. In Middle English, sinister meant on
33、 the left; today it means evil. In Old English, the word sly meant to strike or slay; today it means something clever, mischievous, or sneaky. More recently, hot can now be used to describe not only temperature but also a level of attractiveness; cool also refers to temperature or a level of popular
34、ity. hip can mean in style or refer to a body part. Around 1932, hip was commonly used as a verb transient that meant to make aware. The last system is phonology. To best describe the evolution of phonology, it is useful to consider Ebonics, or black English. Some of the characteristics of Ebonics a
35、re the elimination of the sound l makes in the middle of a word and the substitution of a w sound when a word ends in l. Black English words often drop the consonants at the end of words, especially if the word ends in two consonants. The reason for these differences in the phonology of Standard Eng
36、lish and that of Black English is due to ancestry. African-Americans, whose native language was African, applied many of their rules of phonics to English words. Likewise, many words in Japanese language are simply English words with vowels between each of the consonants. Theyve taken our word for s
37、omething that is a new idea to them and applied their rules of phonics to the word. OK. Let me recap what we have talked about today. The four major parts to every language system are lexicon, grammar, semantics, and phonology, and weve seen how they have evolved in the English language based upon t
38、he needs of those who use it. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that language is shaped by change. To examine how language shapes change, it is important to consider how language is used between those who use it.解析：French words解析 本题要求考生填出英语词汇受到其他语言影响的顺序，这需要考生在理解的基础上综合上下文的顺序来作答。讲座是按历史顺序描述拉丁语、古代
39、斯堪的纳维亚语、法语和希腊语对英语的影响。故填French words。解析：Anglo-Saxons解析 讲座列举了安格鲁撒克逊人和政府两个例子加以说明新思想带动了对新词汇的需求。在5世纪时期，安格鲁撒克逊人接触批发贸易，并引进描述这一领域的相关词汇。结合题目这里应填Anglo-Saxons。解析：Advances in technology解析 讲座以compeer、Internet和search engine这些词为例，说明了技术领域的新思想和新发展也会推动英语词汇的增加和发展，故本题可填入Advances in technology。解析：simplified解析 讲座提到语法也是会随
40、着历史变迁而发展的，诺曼征服英格兰之后，在与法国人的交易来往中，英语语法中的词格有所简化，因此本题答案为simplified。解析：slower解析 本题可从原文at a much slower pace获取答案，讲座中提到语法与词汇都因需求而发生了演变，但语法的演变速度比词汇慢。对比关系是常设考点。解析：consistent/unchanged/constant解析 本题考查考生综合理解信息的能力。讲座中提到，“尽管看上去语法一成不变，但是我们不能把过时的语法书当作可靠的参考来源”，意思指语法不是一成不变的。因此这里填consistent、unchanged或constant均可。解析：pr
41、eposition解析 演讲者在讲语法规则会发生变化时举了其亲身见证的三个实例，其一是以前小学的语法课讲句子不能用介词结尾，而根据现在的标准英语语法，句子是可以用介词结尾的，因此这里填preposition。解析：comma解析 讲座举了三个语法规则已发生改变的例子。本题是例子之一，即逗号的用法。在罗列多种事物时，第二项到最后一项之间可用逗号隔开。解析：evolve解析 在讲语义学时讲座提到，要想知道语义学如何发展，可以去看一下单词的词源(etymology)，即词源(学)可以帮助我们了解语义学的发展，故这里填evolve。解析：evil解析 本题考查考生对细节信息的把握。讲座中举了几个语义已
42、发生了变化的词汇。sinister在过去指的是“左边”，现在指“邪恶的”。例子是常见考点，记笔记时不能忽略。解析：popular解析 本题和上题一样，考查hot和cool的语义。两者不仅用于描述天气，还可以指“吸引人的”或“受欢迎的”。这里需将popularity改写为popular。解析：PHONOLOGY解析 讲座介绍的最后一个是语言的语音体系，因此本题答案应为PHONOLOGY。本空应与提纲其他要点一样，注意该单词的所有字母都要大写。解析：consonants解析 本题考查黑人英语的语音特征。黑人英语通常会把词尾的辅音忽略，词尾有两个辅音尤甚。因此这里填consonants。解析：Afr
43、ican/their解析 非裔美国人会有以上发音特点是因为他们把非洲的发音规则运用到英语单词上。原文是用their rules of phonics，意思就是非洲的发音规则。故填African或their均可。三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：35.00)（分数：15.00）A.Establishing online education project is something like building a supermarket.B.Internet technology can broaden digital gap between the poor and
44、the rich.C.The biggest problem of online education in China is the human mind.D.We have to humanize technology in online courseware development.解析：听力原文 W: Then, how do you look at the so-called digital gap between the rich and the poor, between the urban areas and the rural areas in China? M: Actual
45、ly, the Internet technology can bridge the gap between the poor and the rich. Take the development of the northwest China for example. I used to think it would be very difficult for the Internet to be widely accessible in those areas. But actually the government invested money and made the broadband
46、 Internet access possible in Guizhou and Gansu because the government realized it is impossible to have so many teachers in those areas. W: Perhaps the local officials in those areas are just attracted by the idea of E-education, but nothing has been seriously translated into action. M: You are righ
47、t. The problem of local authority is that they have the technologies, but they dont make good use of these technologies. So I think the biggest problem of online education in China is not the electric mind. It is the human mind. W: The biggest problem that E-education is confronted with is probably
48、the development of good courseware. What are the difficulties involved? M: To me, the most difficult part of courseware development is that it is hard to develop courseware simply by putting in the concepts of learning process. We have to humanize technology. This is the greatest challenge in courseware developme
