1、专业八级分类模拟406及答案解析 (总分：160.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：9，分数：160.00)1.题目要求：The phrase everybodys doing it is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure. It is a social influence exerted on an individual in order to get that person to act or believe in a similar way as a larger group. Most p
2、eople experience it in some way during their lives. The following excerpt is about peer pressure and alcohol. The author presents his opinion on peer pressure. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the authors opinion; 2. giv
3、e your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Peer PressureIn the United States, over 80% of college students have at least one alcoholic drink over a two-we
4、ek time period. Of these college students, 40% are binge drinking (i.e., having four or more drinks) on occasion, which greatly surpasses the rate of their non-college peers. Research suggests that this discrepancy between college students and their non-college peers is largely due to the college en
5、vironment. More specifically, college students must experience a transitional period from depending on their parents at home to depending on their peers on campus. Peer interactions may be essential for college students in that peers provide the guidance and support needed to circumvent this transit
6、ional period. In addition, the freshman population is particularly reliant on peer groups because they are new to the college environment and are attempting to adapt to the college lifestyle. Although peers may be an essential coping mechanism during this transitional period, the increase of peer in
7、volvement in a students everyday life may influence the increase of peer pressure as well. Peer pressure, or the direct or indirect encouragement from ones own age group to engage in activities that they may or may not want to engage in, is a major factor in the development of students risk-taking b
8、ehavior (e.g., alcohol use, drug use, and tobacco use). Peers act as an influential model by introducing, providing, or pressuring risky activities (i. e., alcohol use) to other peers. By modeling the behavior of their peers, college students are viewing alcohol use as a positive and socially accept
9、able experience. However, what college students fail to take into consideration are the negative consequences that are related to alcohol use, especially within a peer group context. For example, the leading cause of death for adolescents 17 to 20 years old is alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes (
10、US Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). In addition, about 400,000 college students between the ages of 18 and 24 have unprotected sex due to drinking. More than one fourth of those students report being too intoxicated to know if they even consented to have sex (US Department of Health a
11、nd Human Services, 2011). Therefore, it is imperative to understand peer pressure, as well as which groups of college students are more susceptible to it, in order to decrease these negative consequences from occurring. The social identity theory may help to explain why college students are influenc
12、ed by peer pressure. The social identity theory suggests that a significant portion of an individuals self-concept is formed through their peer groups, with the in-groups being viewed more positively than the out-groups. In a college environment, it is essential for students to be associated with th
13、e in-groups in order to be socially accepted. Out-groups, such as freshmen college students and non-drinkers, may lack the social support needed during this transitional period because they are not fitting in with the majority of their peers. More specifically, non-drinkers would be considered an ou
14、t-group because they are not participating in the normative behavior of alcohol use. Subsequently, students who enter college determined to remain non-drinkers often give in to peer pressure in order to become a part of the in-group. This experience of feeling like an out-group is prevalent in fresh
15、men college students as well. Freshmen are highly at risk for alcohol consumption because they are adapting to the college lifestyle and attempting to develop new friendship. Furthermore, vulnerable college groups (e.g., freshmen and non-drinkers) will give in to peer pressure in hopes to be sociall
16、y accepted and have a successful transition to college. （分数：16.50）_2.In July 2016, a game app called Pokmon Go was released jointly by Nintendo and the Pokmon Company. Since its release, the world has gone crazy about this game. From the following two excerpts, you can see peoples enthusiasm about i
17、t and some of its pros and cons.Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize the main points of the pros and cons of Pokmon Go , and then 2. express your opinion towards this virtual reality game, especially how to eliminate the risks entailed in it and make it safer
18、 to enjoy. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization, and language quality.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. （分数：20.00）_3.题目要求：Celebrities are some of the worlds most influential trend setters in the world of fashion, style,
19、movies, television, food, diets, and everything else in between. The question of whether celebrities should have the right to privacy remains controversial. The following are opinions on this issue. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summa
20、rize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Vincent (China) Everyone has the right to privacy and the paparazzi
21、should not be allowed to interfere in their life. They should be arrested and fined for invading the privacy of others and the magazines who buy the pictures should be sued as well. Why should actors be treated like this? Just because they earn more money or because of what? I think it is unfair bec
22、ause the paparazzi are killing the actors and pushing them too far. Vicki (the UK) Celebrities know perfectly well that when they are famous, the press is going to try and dig out all the secrets from their private life, but I do think that some things should be private because we are all human! Han
23、nah (the US) I think that it seems a bit unfair that the press is too hard on the celebrities. Some celebrities just want to be a singer, or an actor, rather than a red-carpet walking person. Theyre just doing something that they really love and are so good at that they are famous for it. Linda (the
24、 UK) Even though they should have the right to their privacy, the reality is that once you put yourself in the spotlight, you must expect a certain amount of attention in your personal life. Its the price you pay for having such a high profile occupation or lifestyle. Oshuy (France) French law state
25、s that taking a picture of you while you are in your house or car or anywhere private without your consent is forbidden, but allows any shot taken in a public area (with restrictions concerning publication). If the shot is taken at home, paparazzi may be fined. If the shot is taken inside and publis
26、hed, the publisher may be sued for reparations. Mark Borkowski (Russia) If you want privacy, you can obtain it by keeping a delicate balance between the needs of promoting what you have to professionally and how you conduct your life. You need to have a long-term commitment to the amount of fame you
27、 have generated. You cant switch it on and off, so you have to have a strategy of dealing with it. Christy (the US) I think that like everyone, they have the right to privacy in their houses, of their medical records, etc., just like you and me, but when they go out in public, they are fair game for
28、 the paparazzi. Its public knowledge that a job in the entertainment industry makes you a target for this kind of thing. There are some entertainers who do a good job at remaining private, and I dont think thats entirely by chance. They arent necessarily hanging out at the hollywood hotspots or gett
29、ing into mischief that draws attention, and therefore arent as easy to follow. I think that they are well compensated in the size of their paychecks. Its one of those things where you have to take the good with the bad. （分数：16.50）_4.With the fast development of financial market in China, campus cons
30、umption has drawn the attention of many investors. They have begun to lend money to students, especially university students, to gain high profits. From the excerpts, you can see that there are still many problems when students try to borrow money through online platforms.Write an article of NO LESS
31、 THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize the main points of the two excerpts, and then 2. express your opinion about online loaning and suggest what measures can be taken to prevent potential risks. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization, and languag
32、e quality.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. （分数：20.00）_5.题目要求：Beijing is contemplating charging congestion fees for cars that enter the city center during peak hours in a bid to ease the traffic condition and improve the air quality in the capital. Heated discus
33、sions on the effectiveness of congestion fees are aroused among people. The following are opinions from different sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be award
34、ed for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. BadBreath (the US): Drastic measures must be taken or imposed in order to deal with the horrendous pollution problems throughout China. They can p
35、lace enormous tariffs on cars to minimize traffic volume and pollution. Then, continue expanding the subway to the best of their ability. Brendan (the UK): The congestion charge was introduced in London in 2003 in a bid to reduce inner-city traffic volume and prevent pollution. The congestion charge
36、 of about 11.5 is required to enter the zone. In the 12 years since the congestion fees have been levied, traffic volume and pollution have fallen sharply. The policy can be named as one of the most successful policies. Matt (China): I support the move! I have to endure road congestion every day to
37、and from work; I dont know whether this congestion charge will be an effective solution to this problem or not, but I sure hope so! The ways of managing cars that are currently in force are unreasonable since they cost a lot in fees even for people who dont drive cars. It would be better to change t
38、o a situation where those who drive cars bear high costs, while those who do not drive cars pay no money at all. Britomart (China): Theres another very significant factor, which our citys officials seem to be ignoring. Congestion fees are no barrier to the very wealthy, to whom fees and regulations
39、are negligible. If anything, higher rates simply serve to show off that they are the elite, to whom money is irrelevant. Stranger123 (the US): Such fees are just more income for the government. People who need to drive will pay the fee. No such fee can ever stop or deter anyone from driving. You kno
40、w why? Driving is not a luxury as you imagine. To many people, driving is a necessity. Why dont you ban cars? This would work greatly. Arun (Singapore): The congestion charge is almost proven not to work all by itself. It has to come backed up with extensive public transport systems. Singapore has a
41、 decent public transport system and that is why the congestion charge works. Singapore has a metro stop almost every two blocks (in the central districts) and buses every 5 minutes to feed them. The inherent solution itself comes with the way the city is designed so that people travel less. China co
42、uld solve part of the problems with ramping up the density of residential areas around their work places. PatrickInBeijing (Germany): Congestion fees might make more sense if they are coupled with other programs. Several people have noted to improve mass transit. How about lower fees for cars with m
43、ultiple passengers and higher fees for cars with only one person? Multiple passenger cars could also be given priority at toll booths. Electric cars could get reduced fees, while large cars that produce more pollution would pay more. There are a number of ideas which could help. Keep in mind that it
44、 is not just about congestion, but about pollution and that not all cars pollute equally. （分数：16.50）_6.题目要求：The rude antics of some Chinese tourists have embarrassed many in the country, and sparked debate about how the government could discourage bad behavior. Whats your idea towards this issue? Th
45、e following are opinions from different people. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language
46、quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Sivarnee (China) Not every Chinese tourist is a rude one, and educated people are usually better behaved than those who have had a lower standard of education. This could be why the middle-aged or older tourists who hav
47、e been deprived of or received little education tend to act more unruly. Many of them do not speak English, and some are not fluent putonghua speakers. Their knowledge of the destination country and its culture is often at best outdated or non-existent. Michael (the US) Like many commentators, I am not convinced that Chinese travelers on the whole behave worse than other groups when traveling abroad. We Yanks, along with our German and Israeli friends, for instance, have long suffered poor reputations when traveling. My personal worst embarrassment for a compatriot happened in
