1、专业八级分类模拟405及答案解析 (总分：159.50，做题时间：90分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：9，分数：159.50)1.题目要求：In the Information Age, the mass media have been playing an ever more important role in shaping our society. In the following excerpt, the author lists the benefits as well as the setbacks brought about by the mass media. Read th
2、e excerpt carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the authors opinion about the mass media; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above i
3、nstructions may result in a loss of marks. We are told the mass media are the greatest organs for enlightenment that the world has yet seen; that in Britain, for instance, several million people see each issue of the current affairs programme, Panorama. It is true that never in human history were so
4、 many people so often and so much exposed to so many intimations about societies, forms of life attitudes other than those which obtain in their local societies. This kind of exposure may well be a point of departure for acquiring certain important intellectual and imaginative qualities, width of ju
5、dgment, and a sense of the variety of possible attitudes. Yet in itself such exposure does not bring intellectual or imaginative development. It is no more than the masses of stone which lie around in a quarry and which may, conceivably, go to the making of a cathedral. The mass media cannot build t
6、he cathedral, and their way of showing the stones does not always prompt others to build. For the stones are presented within a self-contained and self-sufficient world in which, it is implied, simply to look at them, to observefleetinglyindividually interesting points of difference between them, is
7、 sufficient in itself. Life is indeed full of problems on which we have toor feel we should try tomake decisions, as citizens or as private individuals. But neither the real difficulty of these decisions, nor their true and disturbing challenge to each individual, can often be communicated through t
8、he mass media. The disinclination to suggest real choice, individual decision, which is to be found in the mass media, is not simply the product of a commercial desire to keep the customers happy. It is within the grain of mass communication. The organs of the Establishment, however well-intentioned
9、 they may be and whatever their form (the State, the Church, voluntary societies, political parties), have a vested interest in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked, and will so affect those who work within the mass media that they will be led insensibly towards forms of production
10、which, though they go through the dispute and enquiry, do not break through the skin to where such enquiries might really hurt. They will tend to move, when exposing problems, well within the accepted clich assumptions of the society and will tend neither radically to question these clichs nor to ma
11、ke a disturbing application of them to features of contemporary life. They will stress the stimulation the programs give, but this soon becomes an agitation of problems for the sake of the interest of that agitation itself; they will therefore, again, assist a form of acceptance of the status quo. T
12、here are exceptions to this tendency, but they are uncharacteristic. The result can be seen in a hundred radio and television programs as plainly as in the normal treatment of public issues in the popular press. Different levels of background in the readers or viewers may be assumed, but what usuall
13、y takes place is a substitute for the process of arriving at judgment. Programs such as this are noteworthy less for the stimulation they offer than for the fact that that stimulation (repeated at regular intervals) may become a substitute for, and so a hindrance to, judgments arrived at and tested
14、in the mind and on the pulses. Mass communications, then, do not ignore intellectual matters; they tend to castrate them, to allow them to sit on the side of the fireplace, sleek and useless, a family plaything. （分数：17.50）_2.题目要求：Old though this topic seems to be, the relationship between money and
15、happiness never ceases to be a hot debate. Can money always bring happiness? Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the authors opinion; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, o
16、rganization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Everything That Rises Must ConvergePoets, songwriters and left-wing politicians hate the idea, but for decades the evidence of opinion poll has been clear: money buys happiness and the richer yo
17、u are, the more likely you are to express satisfaction with your life. A survey of 43 countries published on October 30th by the Pew Research Centre of Washington, DC, shows that people in emerging markets are within a whisker of expressing the same level of satisfaction as people in rich countries.
18、 It is the biggest qualification to the standard view of happiness and income seen so far. The Pew poll asks respondents to measure, on a scale from zero to ten, how good their lives are. (Those who say between seven and ten are counted as happy.) In 2007, 57% of respondents in rich countries put th
19、emselves in the top four tiers; in emerging markets the share was 33% ; in poor countries only 16%a classic expression of the standard view. But in 2014, 54% of rich-country respondents counted themselves as happy, whereas in emerging markets the percentage jumped to 51%. This was happening just at
20、a time when emerging markets chances of converging economically with the West seemed to be receding. Rich countries did not experience steep decline in happiness. The decreases in America and Britain were tiny (a percentage point), while the share of happy Germans rose 13 points. A large drop in for
21、merly joyful Spain ensured a modest overall decline for the rich. But the convergence happened thanks to huge improvements in countries such as Indonesia (+35) and Pakistan (+22). In 12 of the 24 emerging markets, half or more people rate their life satisfaction in the top tiers of the ladder. This
22、is not to say the link between income and satisfaction has been snapped. Poor countries still lag behind: only a quarter of the people there are in the happy tiershalf the level of the other two groups. There is also a clear link between happiness and income growth (as opposed to income levels). Chi
23、nas GDP rose at an annual average rate of 10% in 2007-2014 and its happiness level rose 26 points. Within countries, richer people express more satisfaction than their poorer neighbours. The study divided respondents into categories with higher and lower incomes and fewer and more household goods. I
24、n every country in every group, richer folks with more goods expressed higher levels of happiness. So at a personal (as opposed to national) level, money does buy happiness. And if you ask people about different aspects of their liveshealth, family life, religion, standard of livingit turns out that
25、 satisfaction with living standards still has the biggest influence on happiness. But the secret of happiness has been scattered around. Women tend to be happier than men. Man-led people are happier than unmarried ones. Latin Americans are more satisfied than people in other emerging markets. Asians
26、 are the most optimistic; Middle Easterners the least. Income still matters. But it has been dethroned. （分数：17.50）_3.In recent years, more and more advertisements have been flooding into our lives. Some advertisements exert negative effects on the youth. Therefore some people suggest that advertisem
27、ents be banned. Do you agree OR disagree with this? The following are the opinions from different people. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from different sides; 2. give your comment. Marks will be rewarded
28、for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Audience 1 For me, I think advertisements should be banned. Firstly, todays TV advertisement has too much exaggerated description. As most of the adv
29、ertisements are commercial with the purpose of convincing the public to buy their products, they will be carried out in an exaggerated way. Sometimes they will deliver some false information to people, for example, the weight-loss ads. Can you think twice? If people can lose so much weight easily by
30、 just taking their medicine, then there will be no fat persons. Secondly, the advertisements bring many inconveniences and troubles to my life. I really get annoyed with a mailbox filled with unwanted ads or being interrupted frequently by them while seeing a wonderful video. Furthermore, the langua
31、ge used in advertisements is not standard. My kids like to imitate it. I think its bad for their literacy. Audience 2 In my opinion, ads should be removed completely or moved to a specific channel for advertisement. Then if you want to see them, you can choose to see them. Because when I pay for a T
32、V cable and electricity, I do not want to see ads appear continually every 15 minutes while watching something. Moreover, I will only buy something I ever needed or wanted. I do not buy anything because of the advertisement on a whim. I have summed un the amount of time through the years I have had
33、to watch ads. The number is shocking if you think about it. Advertisement is everywhere. I am forced to see it. Every time when I wanted to concentrate on something, ads popped up. They really stressed me out. My concentration is continuously being tested. Audience 3 As far as I am concerned, I thin
34、k advertisements should not be banned. Moreover, they should be further developed. For me, advertisement is a good channel which helps promote the exchanges of information. In an era of information, everyone can benefit from the advertisements, not only the manufacturers but also the customers. What
35、s more, advertisements enable me to catch up with the amazing advance in all fields. From the advertisements, I get to know some newest products and the trend of consumption. In addition, advertising, to some extent, is an art. It is full of creativity and imagination. Advertisements give me great s
36、piritual pleasure. All in all, advertisement is a blessing for modern people. Advertising agency To ban the advertisements? Definitely no. If we stop these ads, it would have negative effects on the economy. Moreover, as an advertisement planner, I will lose my job. Advertisements can help attract c
37、onsumers for the products or something else; besides, they can increase the product sales. We also think that advertisements targeting children are good. For example, if we speak about food, children will be attracted by the food rich in fats, proteins, and sugar, which have good effects on their he
38、alth. In addition, there are lots of advertisements that teach children good things. For example, the soap ad can remind kids to keep hands clean and show them how to wash their hands correctly. （分数：20.00）_4.题目要求：Social networking is gaining great popularity these days. Many people believe it has ma
39、de our life more convenient, but others think it causes many problems. So is social networking generally beneficial or detrimental? The following are opinions from two sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinion
40、s from both sides; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Students Evan: Social networking sites have a beneficial effect on our way of life, wh
41、ich increase our social interaction and give us more ways to make social connections. As long as the individual remembers and accepts that a decrease in privacy comes with increased social interaction, then it is a benefit. It is not a benefit when people forget about the decrease in privacy and do
42、things through social networking sites that they may not want others to see. Mint: Social networking sites just allow us to communicate with others and express ourselves easily. These sites help you find people you have not seen in a while, chat without actually going to certain places and learn thi
43、ngs that are happening today. We actually express our feelings when we respond on these types of networking sites and interact in every way. Benjamin: Social networking sites are helpful to us in many ways. Although we waste our time in chatting, we are totally updated with the present news which wa
44、s happening around us. So, dont see social networking as a threat but just as the opportunity where we can interact with the people globally. But we should be cautious when we are going to share our personal information. That would affect our career if something goes public. Experts James: Social ne
45、tworking sites are nothing more than tools for narcissists. Social networking sites are increasing in popularity but are really destroying natural and healthy interpersonal relationships and fostering ignorance of the human condition. Take this example, recently two girls fell into a sewer and thoug
46、h they had their cell phones with them, they didnt have the common sense to call for help, instead they just updated their Facebook pages until someone figured out they were in trouble and called help for them. Lily: Once security is not protected on a certain website and can be hacked into, picture
47、s can be downloaded and put up on sites without the owners allowance. Many murders have been committed online. It is dangerous for kids of age 12 to pretend they are 20 on a social network or to accept friend requests from strangers. Steve: Social networking sites serve as a lazy way to see and talk
48、 to friends and family. Why do we need a mediator for relationships we currently have and why do we always use the excuse for these sitesthey help me stay more connected to people? How? And Im not talking about people that are far away. Im talking about the friends and family you have right here in town. As a young man of the younger generation, I am looking around and seeing that people are becoming so zombified when out and about. People, as a general rule, now find it rather hard
