1、专业八级分类模拟402及答案解析 (总分：157.50，做题时间：90分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：9，分数：157.50)1.题目要求：As the number of Chinese people owning private cars is expected to continuously rise as a result of their growing wealth, greater awareness of traffic rules and stronger enforcement of them are urgently needed to reduce incidents
2、 of dangerous driving and road rage. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the authors opinion about road rage; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language
3、 quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Road Rage Threatens SafetyChina is now the worlds largest car market, but unfortunately this has failed to result in a corresponding improvement in driving skills and road etiquette among its drivers. More than 17 mill
4、ion cases of road rage have been handled so far this year, the traffic authorities said on Monday, a day before the Fourth National Traffic Safety Day. Driving angrily has proved a big contributor to frequent road accidents and casualties. In 2013, altogether 80,200 accidents were attributed to ange
5、r behind the wheel, a 4.9 percent year-on-year increase and the number rose by 2.4 percent in 2014. A video was recently posted on the Internet showing a driver in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China, intentionally impeding an ambulance that was responding to an emergency. This sparked intense di
6、scussion about the lack of respect for traffic rules among Chinese drivers and their lack of basic road safety awareness. By the end of October, China had 276 million registered vehicles, 160 million of which are cars, and the number of drivers is 322 million. The growing congestion as a result of i
7、ncreased car use has also led to more drivers violating the traffic regulations. China has the highest number of road accident fatalities in the world, many of which have been directly attributed to drivers bad habits and their lack of respect for traffic rules. The continuing rise in the number of
8、drivers means that greater efforts have to be made to raise drivers traffic awareness and prompt them to obey traffic rules so as to reduce the number of killers on the road. Road rage is aggressive or angry behavior by a driver of an automobile or other motor vehicle. Such behavior might include ru
9、de gestures, verbal insults, deliberately driving in an unsafe or threatening manner, or making threats. Road rage can lead to altercations, assaults, and collisions which result in injuries and even deaths. It can be thought of as an extreme case of aggressive driving. The following are common mani
10、festations of road rage: generally aggressive driving, including sudden acceleration, braking, and close tailgating, cutting others off in a lane, or deliberately preventing someone from merging, sounding the vehicles horn or flashing lights excessively, and driving at high speeds in the median of a
11、 highway to terrify drivers in both lanes. More than 17 million cases of road rage have been handled by police in China this year as authorities struggle to teach drivers in the worlds largest car market better road etiquette. On the eve of National Traffic Safety Day, which fell on Wednesday, the M
12、inistry of Public Security described road rage as a major traffic safety issue. Chinese traffic police have been busy handling cases involving road rage like arbitrary lane changes and dangerous overtaking this year as the worlds largest car market struggles to equip its drivers with better road eti
13、quette. （分数：16.50）_2.题目要求：Many students choose to pursue a postgraduate degree after graduation, believing that the degree will result in a better job. But others believe that getting a job is more urgent for undergraduates. What is your opinion? The following are opinions from different sides. Read
14、 the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from different sides; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above inst
15、ructions may result in a loss of marks. Employer Stephen Scheeler, Director of Strategy and Innovation for Inchcape Australia: Doing a postgraduate degree wasnt just a means to getting a high-paying jobit was about learning and self- improvement. It was very intellectually stimulating and opened my
16、mind to disciplines which I hadnt formally pursued beforelike organizational behavior, marketing and statistical analysis. I just found that interesting from a purely learning perspective. I believe that postgraduate qualifications definitely boost a persons employment and earnings potential. Increa
17、singly, postgrad qualifications are becoming mandatory for most C-level (corporate title) and Director-level positions in major companies. If you dont have the qualification, its harder to get the job, and therefore harder to earn that higher salary. I am mindful of candidates postgrad credentials w
18、hen recruiting for my own company. We place a lot of emphasis on postgrad qualifications, especially for more senior leadership roles. However, we are also interested in the quality of the degree, not just that somebody has a piece of paper. Employees Bill Birtles, a news presenter at triple J: I ha
19、ve a media and communications degree from UNSW and I studied a Graduate Diploma in Journalism at UTS. I chose to do postgraduate studies primarily because I knew UTS has strong links to the industry, in particular the ABC. During my postgrad studies I put my head down and worked really hard, and mad
20、e it very clear to the people at UTS who had a bit of sway that I was very keen to be in broadcasting and get to the ABC. Parcells: Continuing education is clearly important, but the value of a masters degree depends on what you do with it. A masters degree in digital marketing examines analytics, s
21、ocial media, and search marketing. While you can clearly learn about these subjects out of the classroom, practical knowledge and studying these principals are the foundation for success. But the focus must also be on what you do during your program, such as taking on valuable internships, connectin
22、g with executives, and sharpening your skills. Job adviser Julie Labrie, vice-president of BlueSky Personnel Solutions in Toronto: For many employers, having a postsecondary education puts you in a separate category from those who dont have a degree or diploma. It shows employers that youve been tra
23、ined to think critically. Beyond this, higher grades or more education simply become a bonus to an employers main consideration-work experience. Experience trumps education because employers dont want to pay for time to train new hires on the job, especially if they can hire someone who can hit the
24、ground running. So having a college or university education plus work experience for example, will put you ahead of competing students who have excellent grades with less work experienceeven for entry-level positions. When employers vet r6sum6s, they look at work experience first, and education seco
25、nd. As a student, your ideal option is to study to get the best grades you can while working, so you can get some experience under your belt too. （分数：14.00）_3.题目要求：The educational system around the world has been using standardized tests to evaluate the performance of students. However, there has be
26、en an ongoing debate among scholars, parents, and teachers on the effectiveness of these tests. What are your views on standardized tests? Read the following excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your
27、comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Peter The multiple-choice format that is used on standardized tests is an inadequate assessment tool. It encourages a
28、simplistic way of thinking in which there are only right and wrong answers, which doesnt apply in real-world situations. The format is also biased toward male students, who, studies have shown, adapt more easily to the game-like point scoring of multiple-choice questions. Richard Teacher-graded asse
29、ssments are inadequate alternatives to standardized tests because they are subjectively scored and unreliable. Most teachers are not trained in testing and measurement, and research has shown many teachers consider non-cognitive outcomes, including student class participation, perceived effort, and
30、progress over the period of the course, which are irrelevant to subject-matter mastery. Ruth The multiple-choice format used on standardized tests produces accurate information necessary to assess and improve American schools. According to the Center for Teaching Excellence at the University of Illi
31、nois at Urbana-Champaign, multiple-choice questions can provide highly reliable test scores and an objective measurement of student achievement. Todays multiple-choice tests are more sophisticated than their predecessors. The Center for Public Education, a national public school advocacy group, says
32、 many multiple-choice tests now require considerable thought, even notes and calculations, before choosing a bubble. Charles While our understanding of the brain and how people learn and think has progressed enormously, standardized tests have remained the same. Test makers still assume that knowled
33、ge can be broken into separate bits and that people learn by absorbing these individual parts. Today, cognitive and developmental psychologists understand that knowledge is not separable bits and that people (including children) learn by connecting what they already know with what they are trying to
34、 learn. If they cannot actively make meaning out of what they are doing, they do not learn or remember. Valerie Standardized tests measure only a small portion of what makes education meaningful. According to late education researcher Gerald W. Bracey, qualities that standardized tests cannot measur
35、e include creativity, critical thinking, resilience, motivation, persistence, curiosity, endurance, reliability, enthusiasm, empathy, self-awareness, self-discipline, leadership, civic-mindedness, courage, compassion, resourcefulness, sense of beauty, sense of wonder, honesty, integrity. Sam China h
36、as a long tradition of standardized testing and leads the world in educational achievement. China displaced Finland as number one in reading, math, and science when Shanghai debuted on the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) rankings in 2009. Despite calls for a reduction in standa
37、rdized testing, Chinas testing regimen remains firm in place. Chester E. Finn, Jr. , Chairman of the Hoover Institutions Koret Task Force on K-12 Education, predicts that Chinese cities will top the PISA charts for the next several decades. （分数：16.50）_4.题目要求：Affluent Chinese are traveling abroad fra
38、ntically buying international brands such as Louis Vuitton, Chanel and Gucci. Why do you think Chinas rich spend big on luxury goods? The following are opinions from different consumers. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly
39、 the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in, a loss of marks. Mrok (Japan): I would like to say that it is also a trend of a group of people
40、who become rich from being poor in a short time. So, most of them are eager to show their success in the economic aspect in order to earn respect from others, and luxury goods seem to be the best symbol of success. Another reason for this is the highly-valued competition in Chinese society, as well
41、as in other East Asian neighbors. That is why those people buy Prada by day but sleep in a 2-star hotel by night (they dont want to be the loser in the competition). It also happened in Japan 20 years ago. Gaoshuangera (China): As a student, I dont understand why we need a LV bag, especially if purc
42、hasing it with our parents money. Also, I dont like the idea that people look down on me if I dont have a LV bag. If you are really rich and you can afford a LV hag easily, why not? But if you want it just because of what others say, it is just xurongxin (vanity) as we say in Chinese. Himani (India)
43、: I think its true not only of China but also of many other Asian countries like India because these countries have very high import taxes. Also its a matter of status symbol when people brag about visiting abroad and going shopping in the US or in the UK. Felix (the US): China has imposed high impo
44、rt tariffs on luxuries, partly for the protectionism of their local productswhich is understandable. When living in Hong Kong and Singapore, I used to wonder why the mainland Chinese would be so ready to spend big money on luxury goods when traveling. I now understand that their purchasing behavior
45、is partly due to practical considerations (cheaper, more varieties, better service, etc.) and partly due to pent-up demand. Xilaren (Greece): I had the chance to visit luxury shops in Athens, which had at least 15 Chinese women and men buying Gucci handbags. What is surprising to me is that none of
46、them bought luxury shoes or clothes. Wearing a Rolex and carrying a Gucci handbag require matching shoes and clothes. Otherwise the luxury products are a failure. This kind of buying shows me something saddening. Do these people care only about showing off by holding a Gucci handbag and do not care
47、about clothes and shoes simply because nobody can recognize the brand of the shoes? If this is the case, then it is really saddening. JGVk (the UK): I have met many Chinese visitors in London. One of the main reasons why they buy many luxury items, instead of one or two, is simple. Many of them are
48、first-time overseas tourists. In China and in most of Asia, there is a social obligation to buy presents of equal quality for friends and relatives. Over time, this obligation may disappeartherefore, their shopping habits will change over the next few years. （分数：16.50）_5.题目要求：Would you be shocked to find out an average of 18 people die every, day due to the short
