1、专业八级分类模拟400及答案解析 (总分：131.50，做题时间：90分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：8，分数：131.50)1.题目要求：In order to keep their students safe, a lot of school administrators are considering installing security cameras. Installing cameras, however, can be controversial. There have been protests and legal action on camera installation
2、 at schools nationwide. Should more security cameras be installed in schools? The following are opinions from different sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from different sides; 2. give your comment. Ma
3、rks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Teachers A teacher from Texas: Yes! Yes! Please do this. This would be the quickest way to fix our education system at very littl
4、e cost. Give parents a code to do real time virtual visits to the classroom. Observe teachers not just for accountability, but for training purposes. Get rid of behavior management problems on the spot! Schools should have glass walls and this is the easiest way to have them. A teacher from Kansas:
5、This would prevent abuse both from teachers and from students. A camera in the classroom should be able to put everyone on their best behavior. It would be a deterrent against abusive behavior. As a teacher, I would love to have a camera in the classroom as I strive to behave professionally towards
6、students. Sometimes, I encounter aggressive and inappropriate behavior. Talking to a parent of an abusive student would benefit from a short video of the incident. A teacher from New Jersey: The idea of cameras in classrooms is an absolutely sick one. It has nothing to do with pedagogy, but with pri
7、sons, terror, discomfort, guilt, etc. It induces a constant feeling of guilt, to students, as well as to teachers. If you are a real professional, as a teacher, or even if you are just a normal person, claiming a right to normality, especially in schools, you realize that camera surveillance in clas
8、s is something coming from paranoid people who cannot lead the activity through normal behavior. Students Terry Piper, a student from Michigan: I feel the time is fight for security cameras at my school. After all, dozens of schools in the county have already clone it, and with some success. There a
9、re 30 high schools in Oakland County, and every single one of them has security cameras except Seaholm and Groves. Theyve seen thefts go down. Theyve been able to solve instances of vandalism on occasion, and there have been student altercations where theyve been helpful. They also serve as a deterr
10、ent, so you never know how many things might have happened if you hadnt had them. Joe, a student from Ohio: I think that security cameras in schools are a good idea. Having them in the entrances and the hallways is a way to cut back on school crime and protect the student population. However, I thin
11、k that putting those cameras actually within the classrooms violates the privacy of both the students and the teachers. Knowing that someone could be watching you at all times may bring security, but its also able to distract students and teachers and could be harmful to learning. Parents A parent:
12、Video cameras have begun to invade privacy. These days, parents are obsessed with monitoring everything about their kids, but taping their education is not the solution. The cameras would be a distraction, and eager parents would not be able to resist watching and interfering constantly. In general,
13、 cameras are already too pervasive in society. It has created a culture of big brother watching every last action, and this prevents people from acting normally because everyone feels they are being watched. （分数：14.00）_2.题目要求：Every year, hundreds of new words and phrases that come from the Internet
14、are added to the dictionary. Some welcome the new words, while others denounce them as a subculture language and should not be accepted in daily usage. What is your view on the new Internet words? The following are opinions from different sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in
15、 about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from different sides; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Foreign ex
16、perts Language Historian Anne Curzan: There will certainly be changes in language that we dont like simply because many of us dont like change, but we should be less quick to impose our likes and dislikes about words on other people. Language change isnt worrisome; its fun and fascinating. I hope ev
17、eryone can enjoy being part of the creativity that is continually remaking our language and keeping it robust. David Crystal, honorary professor of linguistics at the University of Bangor: The Internet is an amazing medium for languages. Language itself changes slowly but the Internet has speeded up
18、 the process of those changes so you notice them more quickly. Using word play to form groups and impress ones peers is a fairly traditional activity. Its like any badge of ability. If you go to a local skatepark you see kids whose expertise is making a skateboard do wonderful things. Online you sho
19、w how brilliant you are by manipulating the language of the Internet. Professor Crystal: The efforts made by those fluent in online tongues are admirable. They might not be reading Shakespeare and Dickens but they are reading and cooking up these amazing little games, and showing that they are very
20、creative. Im quite impressed with these words. However, language is a vital part of culture, which is solemn and serious. Language takes its present form after it has been selected by time and history. On the contrary, one of the main features of the new Internet words is random and accidental. The
21、formation of those new words goes against the classic and traditional rules of word-formation. Therefore, once those words are included in our daily offline usage, the whole language system will be tempered and shattered. Chinese experts Zhao Tong, dean of teaching-research section of Ancient Chines
22、e Language in Renmin University of China: Some of the newly-sprung Internet words may arouse peoples interest when they come out at first. However, if the formation of the Internet words goes against the rules of forming Chinese words, they will have little chance to stay in the daily used vocabular
23、y. Wen Ruining, professor of Chinese Language in Peking University: I dont think the newly-made Internet words will suppress the number of traditional standardized words and vocabulary. Those Internet words are very widely and popularly used on the Internet, but only a tiny portion of them are used
24、off the Internet. So they wont pose a threat to the traditional words. Instead, they can enrich our language thanks to their vivid interpretation of the meaning. I think only a few of the Internet words will become stable in our vocabulary. Wang Jun: The new Internet words enlarge our vocabulary, bu
25、t at the same time, they also harm our language. Language is a mobile system, changing constantly with the times. Its absolutely fine to absorb new words with characteristics of different times. However, not all of them can be accepted. Many online words have bad connotations or imply vulgar interes
26、ts, so they should be get rid of. （分数：16.50）_3.题目要求：Animal research, including medical research, toxicology testing, and psychological research involving animal subjects, has been used for several centuries as part of our efforts to better understand the world around us. Should animal testing be ban
27、ned? The following are opinions from different sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and lan
28、guage quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Clark: Animals have a right not to be harmed. The differences between us and other vertebrates (脊椎动物) are a matter of degree rather than kind. If we accept as true for the sake of argument, that all humans have a
29、right not to be harmed, simply by virtue of existing as a being of moral worth, then we must ask what makes animals so different. If animals can feel what we feel, and suffer as we suffer, then to discriminate merely on the arbitrary difference of belonging to a different species, is analogous to di
30、scriminating on the basis of any other morally arbitrary characteristic, such as race or sex. If sexual and racial moral discrimination is wrong, then so is speciesism. Frey: Animals rights are of less moral worth than human rights. Animal lives and human lives are of unequal value. This is due to t
31、he fact that no animal possesses all of these characteristics to the same degree as the average human, or even comes particularly close. Thus any rights ascribed to animals should be truncated relative to the rights we ascribe to humans. Therefore animals should not rightly possess the same rights t
32、o not be experimented upon as humans might. To the extent to which causing some harm to animals brings great benefits to humans, we are morally justified in creating some moral harm, to achieve a far greater moral good. Peta: Research can be done effectively without experimenting on living creatures
33、. Science and technology has moved faster than research protocols, however, and so there is no longer a need for animals to be experimented on. The previous necessity of the use of animals is no longer a good excuse for continued use of animals for research. We would still retain all the benefits th
34、at previous animal research has brought to us but should not engage in any more. Thus modern research has no excuse for using animals. Tia: Animal research is necessary for the development of truly novel substances. After the effects, side effects and more complex interactions of a drug have been co
35、nfirmed using animal and non-animal testing, it will usually pass to what is called a phase I clinical trialtests on human volunteers to confirm how the drug will interact with human physiology and what dosages it should be administered in. The risk of a human volunteer involved in a phase I trial b
36、eing harmed is extremely small, but only because animal tests, along with non-animal screening methods are a highly effective way of ensuring that dangerous novel drugs are not administered to humans. In the United Kingdom, over the past twenty years or more, there have been no human deaths as a res
37、ult of phase I clinical trial. Beth: It would send a positive social message, increasing animal welfare rights more generally in society. This creates a clear moral tension, as one group within society is able to inflect what to any other group would be illegal suffering and cruelty toward animals.
38、If states are serious about persuading people against cock fighting, dancing bears, and the simple maltreatment of pets and farm animals, then such goals would be enhanced by a more consistent legal position about the treatment of animals by everyone in society. （分数：16.50）_4.For many years, Chinese
39、parents and students have been enthusiastic about studying abroad. Parents are willing to pay a great amount of money to support their childrens daily life and study in overseas countries. Students believe studying abroad can help promote their competiveness when they return to China after graduatio
40、n. From the following two excerpts, you will see some trends and problems about studying abroad.Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize and comment on the trends and problems, and then 2. express your opinion about studying abroad, especially its advantages and
41、disadvantages. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization, and language quality.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. （分数：20.00）_5.题目要求：Chinas law makers are considering banning children under the age of 10 from appearing in adver
42、tisements. Do you think this ban will do more good than harm? The following are opinions from different sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from different sides; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awar
43、ded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Children care experts Joe (China): While adults who appear in advertisements might know the details, including materials, the manufacturing proce
44、ss and the service life of the products that they promote, children who are under 10 might not completely grasp such information. In most cases, they dont even actually know what the products are for. They say and do what the promoters pay them to say and do. Therefore, its quite doubtful whether th
45、e products these child stars speak for are reliable or not. Lee (the US): The ban aims to protect minors from being negatively impacted by commercial activities and I think it is good. When a child rises to fame by acting in movies or in televised entertainment programs, he or she will be able to ca
46、pitalize on his or her reputation. Too much entertainment engagement may be more than a child can bear, psychologically and physically. Even if they are talented in acting, their talent should not be overused. Otherwise, they may end up paying for this lost time when they grow up. Media workers Alex
47、fromAmerica (the US): Im more libertarian about the idea. Dont restrict advertising. We dont need more laws on this subject. If an advertisement crosses the line in the way it uses children, the market will shame that company to stop using the advertisement. The law is unnecessary here. David (Japan
48、): The minors and their parents should be given the right to decide whether to do the job after fully analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of being an advertising endorser. Otherwise, instead of protecting the minors interests, the law will restrict their freedom and rights. Bill (the UK): Endorsing a product does not necessarily violate the minors rights and interests. Its thus wron
