1、专业八级分类模拟399及答案解析 (总分：95.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：95.00)Environmental problems do not observe upon geographic or 1 cultural boundaries and thus affect all cultures. Hence, the importance of a healthy environment to the well-being of all people provides yet other important reason to deve
2、lop facility as 2 an intercultural communicator. From China to Central America, weather-related flooding events have resulted in deforestation 3 that left many hillsides bare, causing rainfall to run quickly into rivers rather than being absorbed, thus leading to devastated 4 landslides and floods.
3、In addition, as Schmidt suggested, an African drought may be partly responsible for a decline in Caribbean Sea coral because of coral-damaging fungus found in 5 the dust blown across the ocean. Although nations are beginning to realize that they must work together to solve environmental problems, pr
4、ogress is slow and serious problems numerous. The environmental crisis produces the long and somber list of problems that touch all 6 cultures. Destruction of the rain forests, famine, the pollution of air and water, the growing list of endangered plants and animals, toxical dumping, and the greenho
5、use effect are just a 7 few of the many conundrums we all face to as we try to balance 8 population and the health of the planet. Yet since almost everyone agrees that dire problems are 9 looming on the horizon, few want to be the first to give up their living standards. Nature, however, may in the
6、long run have the upper hand. Recent predictions, for instance, suggest that the western portion of the United States may soon face a severe water shortage because global warming could result in more rain and less snow, causing a depletion of the snowpacks that provide water during the hot, rainy su
7、mmer months. 10 （分数：20.00）During interpretation, short-term memory operations occur continually. Some are due to the lag between the moment speech 11 sounds heard and the moment they are interpreted: 12 phonemic segments may have to be added up in memory and 13 analyzed when they allow identificatio
8、n of a word or phoneme. To 14 take only one example, when spelling an unknown foreign name and saying D as in Denmark, the phonetic elements carrying D may have to be held in memory until the word Denmark is recognized, which in turns makes it possible to recognize it as a 15 D opposed to a T. Other
9、 short-term memory operations are 16 associated with the time it takes to produce speech, during which the idea or information to be worded is presented in memory. Still 17 others may be due to specific characteristics of a given speaker or speech: if the speech is unclear because of its logic, info
10、rmation density, unusual linguistic structure, or speakers accent, interpreters may wish to wait for a while before reformulating it (in simultaneous)or taking notes (in consecutive), so as to have more time and a large context to deal with the comprehension and 18 reformulation problems. Clearly, s
11、hort-term memory operations fall under the category of automatic operations because they include the storage 19 of information for later use. One might add that stored information changes both from one speech to another or during 20 every speech as it unfolds, and that both stored information quanti
12、ties and storage duration can vary from moment to moment, so that there is little chance for repetition of identical operations with sufficient frequency to allow automation of the processes.（分数：25.00）Hello, my name is Richard and I am an ego surfer. The habit began about five years ago, and now I n
13、eed help. Like most journalists, I cant deny that one of my private joys are seeing my 21 byline in print. Now the internet is allowing me to feed this vanity to ever greater extent, and the occasional sneaky web search has grown 22 into a full-blown obsession for how high up Googles ranking my 23 a
14、rticles appear where I put my name into the search box. When I 24 lastly looked, my best effort was a rather humiliating 47th place. 25 You know you have a problem how you find yourself competing for 26 ranking with a retired basketball player from the 1970s. Not that Im lonely for suffering from a
15、dysfunctional techno- 27 habit. New technologies have revealed a whole raft of hitherto unsuspected personality problems: think crackberry, power- pointlessness or cheesepodding. Most of us are familiar in sending 28 an e-mail to a colleague sitting a couple of feet away instead talking 29 to them.
16、Some go onto the web to snoop on old friends, colleagues or even the first dates. More of us than ever reveal highly personal 30 information on blogs or My Space entries. A few will even use internet anonymity to fool others into believing they are someone else altogether. So are these web syndromes
17、 and technological tics new versions of old afflictions, or are we developing fresh mind bugs?（分数：25.00）Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateurs, and the people who just cant help them. The professionals do not pose much of a problem 31 for t
18、he store detectives, which, assisted by closed circuit television, 32 two-way mirrors and various other technological device, can usually 33 cope with them. The professionals tend to go high value goods in 34 parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any other case, they accou
19、nt for only a small percentage of the total 35 losses due to shop-lifting. The same applies for the deliberate amateur who is, so to 36 speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealing with severely by the courts. 37 The real problem is that the person
20、 who gives way to a sudden temptation are in all other respects an honest and law-abiding 38 citizen. Contrary to that one would expect, this kind of shop-lifter is 39 rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods but cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop
21、 himself. And there are countless others who, because of age, have sick or plain absent-mindedness, simply forget to pay for what 40 they take from the shops. When caught, all are liable to prosecution, and the decision about whether to send for the police or not is in the hands of the store manager
22、.（分数：25.00）专业八级分类模拟399答案解析 (总分：95.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：95.00)Environmental problems do not observe upon geographic or 1 cultural boundaries and thus affect all cultures. Hence, the importance of a healthy environment to the well-being of all people provides yet other important reas
23、on to develop facility as 2 an intercultural communicator. From China to Central America, weather-related flooding events have resulted in deforestation 3 that left many hillsides bare, causing rainfall to run quickly into rivers rather than being absorbed, thus leading to devastated 4 landslides an
24、d floods. In addition, as Schmidt suggested, an African drought may be partly responsible for a decline in Caribbean Sea coral because of coral-damaging fungus found in 5 the dust blown across the ocean. Although nations are beginning to realize that they must work together to solve environmental pr
25、oblems, progress is slow and serious problems numerous. The environmental crisis produces the long and somber list of problems that touch all 6 cultures. Destruction of the rain forests, famine, the pollution of air and water, the growing list of endangered plants and animals, toxical dumping, and t
26、he greenhouse effect are just a 7 few of the many conundrums we all face to as we try to balance 8 population and the health of the planet. Yet since almost everyone agrees that dire problems are 9 looming on the horizon, few want to be the first to give up their living standards. Nature, however, m
27、ay in the long run have the upper hand. Recent predictions, for instance, suggest that the western portion of the United States may soon face a severe water shortage because global warming could result in more rain and less snow, causing a depletion of the snowpacks that provide water during the hot
28、, rainy summer months. 10 （分数：20.00）解析：upon删去，此处observe表示“遵守”。解析：otheranother，yet another意为“另一个”，固定搭配。解析：infrom，后为“原因”而非“结果”。解析：devastateddevastating，山崩带来巨大破坏，而非被破坏。解析：fungusfungi，此处应为复数。解析：thea，此处并非特指，应是a list of。解析：toxicaltoxic，此处意为“倾倒有毒物品”而非“有毒的倾倒”。解析：to删去，face为及物动词。解析：sincewhile/though，此处意为“虽然”而
29、非“因为”。解析：rainyrainless/dry，根据上文此处应为“少雨的夏季”。During interpretation, short-term memory operations occur continually. Some are due to the lag between the moment speech 11 sounds heard and the moment they are interpreted: 12 phonemic segments may have to be added up in memory and 13 analyzed when they al
30、low identification of a word or phoneme. To 14 take only one example, when spelling an unknown foreign name and saying D as in Denmark, the phonetic elements carrying D may have to be held in memory until the word Denmark is recognized, which in turns makes it possible to recognize it as a 15 D oppo
31、sed to a T. Other short-term memory operations are 16 associated with the time it takes to produce speech, during which the idea or information to be worded is presented in memory. Still 17 others may be due to specific characteristics of a given speaker or speech: if the speech is unclear because o
32、f its logic, information density, unusual linguistic structure, or speakers accent, interpreters may wish to wait for a while before reformulating it (in simultaneous)or taking notes (in consecutive), so as to have more time and a large context to deal with the comprehension and 18 reformulation pro
33、blems. Clearly, short-term memory operations fall under the category of automatic operations because they include the storage 19 of information for later use. One might add that stored information changes both from one speech to another or during 20 every speech as it unfolds, and that both stored i
34、nformation quantities and storage duration can vary from moment to moment, so that there is little chance for repetition of identical operations with sufficient frequency to allow automation of the processes.（分数：25.00）解析：continuallycontinuously，在口译过程中，短时记忆是连续工作的而非多次工作，所以应用后者。解析：heardare。此处speech sou
35、nds为名词短语，作分句中的主语，后缺be动词连接hear的被动态。解析：phonemicphonetic，结合下文的例子，此处意为“语音上的”而非“音位上的”。因此用后者。解析：whenuntil，前半句话里是一个累积的过程，直到后半句里出现需要的结果。而when代表同时发生，不符合句义。解析：turnsturn，in turn意为“轮流”；“继而”，而in turns只有“轮流”的意思，此处结合上下文应为“继而”之意，因此应该是in turn。解析：opposedas，as opposed to是固定搭配，意为“而不是”。解析：presentedpresent，根据上下文，此处应是一个状态
36、而非动作。解析：largelarger，此处结合上下文应用比较级。解析：automaticnon-automatic，结合下文，这是一个无法自动完成的过程，因此应为后者。解析：orand，both.and.固定搭配。Hello, my name is Richard and I am an ego surfer. The habit began about five years ago, and now I need help. Like most journalists, I cant deny that one of my private joys are seeing my 21 byl
37、ine in print. Now the internet is allowing me to feed this vanity to ever greater extent, and the occasional sneaky web search has grown 22 into a full-blown obsession for how high up Googles ranking my 23 articles appear where I put my name into the search box. When I 24 lastly looked, my best effo
38、rt was a rather humiliating 47th place. 25 You know you have a problem how you find yourself competing for 26 ranking with a retired basketball player from the 1970s. Not that Im lonely for suffering from a dysfunctional techno- 27 habit. New technologies have revealed a whole raft of hitherto unsus
39、pected personality problems: think crackberry, power- pointlessness or cheesepodding. Most of us are familiar in sending 28 an e-mail to a colleague sitting a couple of feet away instead talking 29 to them. Some go onto the web to snoop on old friends, colleagues or even the first dates. More of us
40、than ever reveal highly personal 30 information on blogs or My Space entries. A few will even use internet anonymity to fool others into believing they are someone else altogether. So are these web syndromes and technological tics new versions of old afflictions, or are we developing fresh mind bugs
41、?（分数：25.00）解析：areis解析 主谓不一致。主语是one of my private joys，这种情况下谓语应该与one保持一致，因此应该使用单数。解析：everan解析 冠词缺失。to a great extent表示“从更大程度上讲”，冠词a是不能省略的，此处在great前有一个以元音音素开头的副词ever，这时应该把冠词a改成an。解析：forwith解析 介词误用。obsess with表示“痴迷于”，名词obsession也需要和with搭配，而不能和for搭配。解析：wherewhen解析 连词误用。本句的意思是“当今的互联网使我的虚荣心得到更大程度的满足。以前只是偶
42、尔偷偷地上网搜索一下自己的排名，现在发展成热衷于在搜索栏上输入自己的名字之后，迫切地想知道我的文章在谷歌上的排名。”I put my name into the search box是状语从句，表示“当的时候”，而不是表示“在地方”，因此改为when。解析：lastlylast解析 词义混淆。lastly是副词，表示“最后，终于”，而last作副词时表示“most recently”，即“最近地”。本句的含义是“上次搜索时，发现我写得最好的文章居然很丢人地排在第47位。”所以不能使用lastly，而应使用last。解析：howwhen解析 从句引导词误用。此句要表达的意思是“当你发现自己在为排
43、名而与一个二十世纪七十年代退役的篮球明星较劲的时候，你就知道自己有问题了。”解析：lonelyalone解析 词义混淆。lonely表示“寂寞，感到孤独”，而alone表示“独自一个人”，本句的意思是“有这种不正常的网络习惯的人可不止我一个。”因此应该使用alone。解析：inwith解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。be familiar with doing sth. 表示“熟悉、习惯做某事”。解析：insteadof解析 介词缺失。instead是副词，不能直接跟宾语，instead of后面可以跟宾语。解析：the the 解析 冠词冗余。first date意为“初次约会”，这里是泛指，而
44、不是特指，无需加定冠词the。Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateurs, and the people who just cant help them. The professionals do not pose much of a problem 31 for the store detectives, which, assisted by closed circuit television, 32 two-way mirrors and
45、 various other technological device, can usually 33 cope with them. The professionals tend to go high value goods in 34 parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any other case, they account for only a small percentage of the total 35 losses due to shop-lifting. The same appli
46、es for the deliberate amateur who is, so to 36 speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealing with severely by the courts. 37 The real problem is that the person who gives way to a sudden temptation are in all other respects an honest and law-abiding
47、 38 citizen. Contrary to that one would expect, this kind of shop-lifter is 39 rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods but cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others who, because of age, have sick or plain absent-m
48、indedness, simply forget to pay for what 40 they take from the shops. When caught, all are liable to prosecution, and the decision about whether to send for the police or not is in the hands of the store manager.（分数：25.00）解析：themthemselves解析 代词误用。cant help oneself表示“控制不住自己”，是固定搭配，必须使用反身代词。此处的意思是“有些人不由自主地想偷窃。”解析：whichwho解析 关系代词误用。此处是
