1、专业八级分类模拟398及答案解析 (总分：85.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：85.00)When we speak to another individual or group, the distance our bodies are physically apart also communicates a message. Most of us are unaware for the importance of space in communication until 1 we are confronting with someone who
2、 uses it differently. For 2 instance, we all have a sense of which is a comfortable interaction 3 distance to a person with whom we are speaking. If that person gets closer than the distance in which we are comfortable, we usually 4 automatically back up to reestablish our comfort zone. Similarly, i
3、f we feel that we are too far away from the person we are talking to, we likely to close the distance between us. If two speakers have 5 different comfortable interaction distances, a ballet of shifting positions usually occurs until one of the individuals is backed into a corner and feels threatene
4、d with what may be perceived 6 like hostile. As a result, the verbal message may not be listened to 7 or understood as it is intended. 8 Comfort in interaction distance mostly has to do with the distance between faces that are looking directly at each other. Most people do not have the same feeling
5、about physical closeness if they do not have eyes contact. In a crowd or an elevator, people usually 9 choose to not to look at anyone in order to avoid feeling. 10 （分数：25.00）Almost universally, women have failed to reach leading positions in major corporations and private sector organizations, resp
6、ective of their abilities, said author Linda Wirth. The higher 11 the position, the glaring the gender gap. The ILO said men 12 traditionally rely in old boy networks to climb up the ladder. 13 Women are more invisible in the corporate world but they are less 14 keen on informal gatherings. They are
7、 also fighting a losing battle for 15 against sexual harassment. A British study found that women in one company subjecting to 16 continuing sexual harassment and bullying failed to achieve promotion whatever strategy they used. Protesting and complaining earned them a label of feminist and whining,
8、 while trying to 17 be one of the men invited further harassment, the ILO report said. A survey of 300 companies in Britain last year found that just 3 percent of board members are women. In the FTSE top 100 18 companies listed in Britain, women held just 4 percent of directors posts, while female m
9、anagers earned just 71 percent of the salary of their male counterpart, the ILO report said. 19 British female managers as a whole earned 83 percent of the salaries of their male counterpartsputting them ahead of their counterparts in most other countries. The situation in Germany was no better. A s
10、urvey of 70,000 largest companies found that women there held just 1 to 3 percent of the top executive and boardroom positions. The ILO also reported that the comparative high proportion of women executives in large 20 French companies13 percentwas now falling again from the 1980s levels.（分数：25.00）T
11、he aim of a job interview is to establish whether you are likely to do well in a particular job in a specific organization. This is not only a matter of having the necessary technological knowledge and 21 skills. You must also have the motivation, the ability to adapt to new ways of working and a ne
12、w work environment, and the 22 personality to do the job and fit into a new team. But there are other personal skills affect your success in a job. These include getting on 23 with people, oral or written communication, team working, problem 24 solving and good time management. Most people think tha
13、t interviewers know what they are looking for and will recognize when they see it. However, people are 25 actually not very good at assessing one and another. This applies to 26 recruiters as much as anyone else. In fact, a former head of selection at one big firm used to say that some interviewers
14、are so poor that they would do better to rely on chances. In companies which recognize this, various methods are used to try to find the correct person. The most common is the structured 27 interview. Research has shown that this approach is more reliable than the ordinary job interview, even no as
15、effective as using tests or 28 assessment centers. In a structured interview the interviewer groups the qualities listing in the job specification under various headings. 29 There are two well-established structures for this: the National Institute of Industrial Psychologys Seven-Point Plan and the
16、Five- Fold Grading System. The interviewers score candidates for how well 30 they fit the job specification.（分数：25.00）For the first time in 70 years, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released two major requirements for improving food safety. On Friday, the FDA released two draft rule proposals
17、 for food safety that will allow the FDA to shift its focus to preventing, rather than simply 31 react, to food borne illnesses. Despite the delay, public health advocates 32 heralded the proposals as a major step in implementing the landmark FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) that President O
18、bama had signed 33 into law two years ago, giving the FDA one year to put the policies in the 34 place. The regulations needed, as evidenced by the series of dangerous food 35 safety slip-ups in recent years that required recalls of spinach, cantaloupe, sprouts, turkey and ground beef with microbes,
19、 as well as the FDAs shut-in 36 of the organic peanut butter plant Sunland Inc. in New Mexico, which produced salmonella-tainted peanut butter that sickened 42 consumers nationwide. The regulations, the first reforms in food safety in more than 70 years, are designed to address gaps in food producti
20、on and manufacturing processes that leave an estimated 48 millions Americans sick each year, 37 according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). When 38 not all of these illnesses are reported, the FDA says that nearly 130,000 people who contract a food-related disease are hospital
21、ized and 3,000 die for the illness. So when the deadline to issue regulatory rules in 2012 came 39 and went, two nonprofit organizations, the Center for Food Safety and The Center for Environmental Health praised the agency for unreasonable 40 delays and filed a lawsuit.（分数：10.00）专业八级分类模拟398答案解析 (总分
22、：85.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：85.00)When we speak to another individual or group, the distance our bodies are physically apart also communicates a message. Most of us are unaware for the importance of space in communication until 1 we are confronting with someone who uses it differently
23、. For 2 instance, we all have a sense of which is a comfortable interaction 3 distance to a person with whom we are speaking. If that person gets closer than the distance in which we are comfortable, we usually 4 automatically back up to reestablish our comfort zone. Similarly, if we feel that we ar
24、e too far away from the person we are talking to, we likely to close the distance between us. If two speakers have 5 different comfortable interaction distances, a ballet of shifting positions usually occurs until one of the individuals is backed into a corner and feels threatened with what may be p
25、erceived 6 like hostile. As a result, the verbal message may not be listened to 7 or understood as it is intended. 8 Comfort in interaction distance mostly has to do with the distance between faces that are looking directly at each other. Most people do not have the same feeling about physical close
26、ness if they do not have eyes contact. In a crowd or an elevator, people usually 9 choose to not to look at anyone in order to avoid feeling. 10 （分数：25.00）解析：forof解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。be unaware of sth. 是固定搭配，意为“没有意识到某事”。此处意为“我们中的多数人在沟通时没有意识到保持距离的重要性。”解析：confrontingconfronted解析 非谓语动词误用。be confronted with意为
27、“面对，面临”，应该用过去分词confronted。解析：whichwhat解析 关系代词误用。根据上下文可知，此处应该使用的关系代词是what而不是which，what既作介词of的宾语，又作从句的主语。此处意为“例如，在同别人交谈时，对于什么是一个舒适的互动距离，我们都有一定的感知。”解析：inat解析 介词误用。定语从句引导词which指代的是distance，与distance搭配的介词应该为at，而不是in，如keep sb. at a distance“与某人保持一定的距离”。解析：likelyare解析 be动词缺失。be likely to是固定搭配，意为“很有可能，倾向于”。
28、由于主语是we，因此缺失be动词are。此处意为“我们倾向于拉近我们之间的距离。”解析：withby解析 介词误用。threatened意为“受到威胁的”，其后应该使用介词by，表示“被所威胁”。解析：likeas解析 介词误用。perceive as是固定搭配，意为“视为，当作”。此处意为“直到其中一个人被逼迫到角落，并且被一种敌对感所威胁。”解析：iswas解析 时态错误。在这里be intended应该发生在be listened to or understood之前，因此be动词应该用过去式was。此处意为“语言上的信息也许不会像原本打算的那样被听到或者被理解(即原意可能会被曲解)。”
29、解析：eyeseye解析 名词单复数错误。eye contact是固定说法，意为“眼神交流”，eye在这里使用单数形式。此处意为“大多数人在没有眼神交流的情况下是不会有相同的身体上的亲密感的。”解析：第一个to to 解析 不定式符号to冗余。choose not to do sth. 中的不定式符号to应该用在not后面，因此将not前面的to去掉。Almost universally, women have failed to reach leading positions in major corporations and private sector organizations, re
30、spective of their abilities, said author Linda Wirth. The higher 11 the position, the glaring the gender gap. The ILO said men 12 traditionally rely in old boy networks to climb up the ladder. 13 Women are more invisible in the corporate world but they are less 14 keen on informal gatherings. They a
31、re also fighting a losing battle for 15 against sexual harassment. A British study found that women in one company subjecting to 16 continuing sexual harassment and bullying failed to achieve promotion whatever strategy they used. Protesting and complaining earned them a label of feminist and whinin
32、g, while trying to 17 be one of the men invited further harassment, the ILO report said. A survey of 300 companies in Britain last year found that just 3 percent of board members are women. In the FTSE top 100 18 companies listed in Britain, women held just 4 percent of directors posts, while female
33、 managers earned just 71 percent of the salary of their male counterpart, the ILO report said. 19 British female managers as a whole earned 83 percent of the salaries of their male counterpartsputting them ahead of their counterparts in most other countries. The situation in Germany was no better. A
34、 survey of 70,000 largest companies found that women there held just 1 to 3 percent of the top executive and boardroom positions. The ILO also reported that the comparative high proportion of women executives in large 20 French companies13 percentwas now falling again from the 1980s levels.（分数：25.00
35、）解析：respectiveirrespective解析 语义错误。结合下文可以看出，此句要表达的意思是“不管她们的能力如何，在大多数公司或私营组织中，女性都很难取得领导地位，这种情况几乎是普遍的。”respective意为“各自的，分别的”，而irrespective才表示“不管的，不顾的”，且通常与of连用。解析：glaringmore解析 形容词比较级错误。这句话要表达的意思是“职位越高，性别差距就越明显”，由前面的the higher可知后句也应该使用比较级，故在glaring前面加more。解析：inon解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。rely on“依靠，依赖”，为固定搭配，故将in改
36、为on。解析：butbecause解析 连词误用。上半句说“女性在公司中比较隐形化”，下半句说“女性不太热衷于同事间的私下聚会”，可见下半句是对上半句的解释，逻辑上是因果关系，而不是转折关系。解析：for for 解析 介词冗余。fight against sth. 意为“为反对而战”是固定搭配，这句话的意思是“她们在反对性骚扰的斗争中也处于劣势。”解析：subjectingsubjected解析 非谓语动词误用。subject to是固定搭配，意为“使经受，使遭受”，常使用被动语态。该句的谓语部分是failed to，而subjected to.作后置定语修饰women。解析：athe解析
37、冠词误用。label在这里由后面的of feministandwhining修饰，表特指，应该使用定冠词the限定。解析：arewere解析 时态错误。文章通篇采用的都是一般过去时，且主句时态也为一般过去时，所以从句谓语应使用过去式were。解析：counterpartcounterparts解析 名词单复数错误。counterpart表示“与之相对应的人或物”，等同于前面的managers，所以应使用复数形式。解析：comparativecomparatively解析 词性混用。结合上下文看，这句话要表达的意思是“在法国的大公司里，女主管的比例相对来说要高一些”，应使用副词comparati
38、vely来修饰形容词high。The aim of a job interview is to establish whether you are likely to do well in a particular job in a specific organization. This is not only a matter of having the necessary technological knowledge and 21 skills. You must also have the motivation, the ability to adapt to new ways of
39、working and a new work environment, and the 22 personality to do the job and fit into a new team. But there are other personal skills affect your success in a job. These include getting on 23 with people, oral or written communication, team working, problem 24 solving and good time management. Most
40、people think that interviewers know what they are looking for and will recognize when they see it. However, people are 25 actually not very good at assessing one and another. This applies to 26 recruiters as much as anyone else. In fact, a former head of selection at one big firm used to say that so
41、me interviewers are so poor that they would do better to rely on chances. In companies which recognize this, various methods are used to try to find the correct person. The most common is the structured 27 interview. Research has shown that this approach is more reliable than the ordinary job interv
42、iew, even no as effective as using tests or 28 assessment centers. In a structured interview the interviewer groups the qualities listing in the job specification under various headings. 29 There are two well-established structures for this: the National Institute of Industrial Psychologys Seven-Poi
43、nt Plan and the Five- Fold Grading System. The interviewers score candidates for how well 30 they fit the job specification.（分数：25.00）解析：technologicaltechnical解析 形近词误用。technological表“科技的，工程的”，而technical则可指“(某工作或专业需要的)技能的”，此处指“工作必需的技能”，故应使用technical。解析：ato解析 介词缺失。句中的a new work environment和new ways of
44、 working并列充当adapt to的宾语，介词to在此不能省略。解析：affectaffecting或affectthat/which解析 动词形式错误或从句引导词缺失。这句话已经有了谓语动词are，所以动词affect应使用现在分词affecting作后置定语，修饰前面的other personal skills；还可以在affect前面加上引导词that或者which，以定语从句的形式修饰other personal skills。解析：orand解析 连词误用。全方位的交际能力应该包括oral和written两部分，而不是其中之一，所以应使用连词and。解析：recognizeit
45、解析 代词缺失。宾语从句中的谓语动词recognize为及物动词，其后应该接宾语，it在此处指代前文中的what they are looking for。解析：and and 解析 固定搭配错误。one another为固定搭配，意思是“互相，彼此”。解析：correctright解析 近义词误用。当right和correct都表示“对的，正确的，准确的”时，可以互换，但此处right要表达的意思应该是“适宜的，合适的”，所以不可以与correct换用。解析：nonot解析 副词误用。此处需要副词修饰effective，no一般修饰名词，而not则可修饰形容词。解析：listingliste
46、d解析 非谓语动词误用。the qualities与list是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以这里应使用list的过去分词形式，表示被动。同时还可以理解为which/that are listed这样一个定语从句的省略形式。解析：foragainst解析 介词误用。score.against.是固定搭配，意思是“根据打分(评判)”。For the first time in 70 years, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released two major requirements for improving food safety. On Frida
47、y, the FDA released two draft rule proposals for food safety that will allow the FDA to shift its focus to preventing, rather than simply 31 react, to food borne illnesses. Despite the delay, public health advocates 32 heralded the proposals as a major step in implementing the landmark FDA Food Safe
48、ty Modernization Act (FSMA) that President Obama had signed 33 into law two years ago, giving the FDA one year to put the policies in the 34 place. The regulations needed, as evidenced by the series of dangerous food 35 safety slip-ups in recent years that required recalls of spinach, cantaloupe, sprouts, tur
