1、专业八级分类模拟397及答案解析 (总分：85.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：85.00)Human vision like that of other primates has evolved in an arboreal environment. In the dense complex world of a tropical forest, it is more important to see as well than to develop an acute sense of smell. In the 1 course of evolu
2、tion members of the primate line has acquired large 2 eyes while the snout has shrunk to give the eye an unimpeding view. 3 Of mammals only humans and some primates enjoy color vision. The red flag is black to the bull. Horses live in a monochrome world. Light visible to human eyes, therefore, occup
3、ies only a very narrow band in the whole 4 electromagnetic spectrum. Ultraviolet rays are invisible to humans though ants and honeybees are insensitive to them. Humans have no direct perception 5 of infrared rays like the rattlesnake that has receptors tuned into 6 wavelengths longer than 0.7 micron
4、. The world would look eerie different 7 if human eyes are sensitive to infrared radiation. Then instead of the darkness 8 of night, we would be able to move easily in a strange shadowless world where objects glowed with varying degrees of intensity. But human eyes excel in other way. They are in fa
5、ct remarkably discerning in color gradation. 9 The color sensitivity of normal human vision is rarely surpassed even 10 sophisticated technical devices.（分数：10.00）Some try to reason with the police officer who has pulled them over for some real or imagined traffic offense. But when law enforcement is
6、 represented by a computer-driven camera that has immortalized your violation in film, it is hard to talk your way out of 11 a heavy fine. Yet that is precisely what some 300 motorists in San Diego succeeded in doing last week that a superior court judge rules 12 that pictures taken by the so-called
7、 red-light cameras were unreliable and therefore unacceptable. The first U. S. court decision to reject all the traffic violations catching on camera, the ruling by judge Ronald Styn has fueled 13 debate over the growing use of the devices. Police departments swear, and studies indicate, that the ro
8、bot cameras deter people in 14 speeding and running red lights. Yet at least seven states have blocked proposals to implement them, but opponents ranging from 15 House majority leader Dick Armey to the American Civil Liberties Unionargues that the cameras violate privacy and place profit 16 above pu
9、blic safety. Part of the problem is that virtually all the devices in the place 17 are operated by private firms that handle everything from installing the machinery to identifying violationsoften with maximal police 18 oversightand have an incentive to pull in as many drivers as they can. The compa
10、nies get paid as many as $70 a ticket, and the total 19 revenue is hardly chump change. Its all about money, says Congressman Bob Barr, a leading critic. Not so, insists Terrance Gainer, Washingtons executive assistant chief of police. We have reduced fatalities. If some company is making money that
11、, that is 20 American way.（分数：25.00）Resale Price Maintenance is the name used when a retailer is compelled to sell at a price fixed by the manufacturer instead of choosing for himself how much to add on to the wholesale price he pays for his supplies. This practice is associated to the sale of 21 br
12、anded goods, which now form a very considerate proportion of 22 consumers purchases and it has led to a great deal of controversy. Generally such articles are packed and advertised by the manufacturers, who tries to create a special image in the minds of 23 possible purchasersan image made up of the
13、 look of the article, its use, its price, or everything else that might lead purchasers to 24 ask for that brand rather for any other. If a retailer is allowed to 25 charge any price he likes he may find it worth to sell one brand at 26 cut prices even though this involves a loss, because he hopes t
14、o attract customers to the shop, in where they may be persuaded to 27 buy many other types of goods at higher prices. The manufacturer of the brand that has cut fears that the retailer may be tempted to 28 reduce the services on this article, but, as if he does not there is a 29 danger that the cust
15、omer becomes unsettled and is unwilling to pay the standard price of the article because he feels that he is being done. This may, and indeed often does, affect the reputation of the manufacturer and make him lose his market in long run. 30 （分数：25.00）We use language every day. We live in a world of
16、words. Hardly any moment passes with someone talking, writing or 31 reading. Indeed, language is most essential to mankind. Our life increasingly depends on fast and successful use of language. 32 Strangely enough, we know more about things around us than that of 33 ourselves. For example, language
17、is species-specific, that is, it is language that differs human from animals. However, we do not 34 know yet how exactly we inquire language and how it is possible for 35 us to perceive through language; so do we understand precisely the 36 relationships between language and thought, language and lo
18、gic, or language and culture; still more, how and when language started. 37 One reason why this inadequate knowledge of language is that we, 38 language users, take too many things for granted. Language comes to every normal person so naturally that a few of us stop to question 39 what language is,
19、much less do we feel the necessity to study it. Language is far more complex than most people have probably imagined and the necessity to study it is much greater than some people may have assumed. Linguistics is a branch of science which takes language like its object of investigation. 40 （分数：25.00
20、）专业八级分类模拟397答案解析 (总分：85.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：85.00)Human vision like that of other primates has evolved in an arboreal environment. In the dense complex world of a tropical forest, it is more important to see as well than to develop an acute sense of smell. In the 1 course of evolu
21、tion members of the primate line has acquired large 2 eyes while the snout has shrunk to give the eye an unimpeding view. 3 Of mammals only humans and some primates enjoy color vision. The red flag is black to the bull. Horses live in a monochrome world. Light visible to human eyes, therefore, occup
22、ies only a very narrow band in the whole 4 electromagnetic spectrum. Ultraviolet rays are invisible to humans though ants and honeybees are insensitive to them. Humans have no direct perception 5 of infrared rays like the rattlesnake that has receptors tuned into 6 wavelengths longer than 0.7 micron
23、. The world would look eerie different 7 if human eyes are sensitive to infrared radiation. Then instead of the darkness 8 of night, we would be able to move easily in a strange shadowless world where objects glowed with varying degrees of intensity. But human eyes excel in other way. They are in fa
24、ct remarkably discerning in color gradation. 9 The color sensitivity of normal human vision is rarely surpassed even 10 sophisticated technical devices.（分数：10.00）解析：去掉well前的as解析 本题考查副词用法。该句意为：“在热带雨林中，好的视力比灵敏的嗅觉更重要。”well应作为副词，修饰动词see，故去掉as。解析：hashave解析 本题考查主谓一致。该句主语是members，而不是primate line，所以谓语动词要用复数
25、形式。解析：unimpedingunimpeded解析 本题考查非谓语动词。impede意为“阻止”，后面所修饰的名词view和impede间是典型的被动关系，所以应该使用过去分词。解析：thereforehowever解析 本题考查篇章逻辑。前文说到哺乳动物中只有人类和一部分灵长类动物有色彩辨别能力，其他哺乳动物都生活在单色的世界中。之后紧接着说人类也不能识别所有光线。可见两者之间是转折关系。解析：insensitivesensitive解析 本题考查篇章逻辑。上一句说人类也不能识别所有光线，此句举例说明紫外线就是人类不能识别的光线之一，而蚂蚁和蜜蜂对这种光线很 -|_|-。两者之间有转折关
26、系，也就是说蚂蚁和蜜蜂对这种光线很“敏感”，即“可以识别”这种光线。解析：likeunlike解析 本题考查篇章逻辑。根据上下文，此处意为“人类不能识别红外线，这点和响尾蛇不同，它们有自己特殊的感应器，可以识别波长长于0.7微米的光线”。故将like改为unlike。解析：eerieeerily解析 本题考查副词的用法。该词用来修饰后面的形容词different，故应为副词形式。eerily意为“怪诞地；奇异地”。解析：arewere解析 本题考查虚拟条件句。此句是典型的表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，主句使用了“would+v”，从句应该用一般过去时。解析：wayways解析 本题考查名词单
27、复数。other表示“另外的，其他的”，后面只能用名词复数形式。解析：在even后加by解析 本题考查动词语态。该句为被动语态，句末的短语sophisticated technical devices(精密的技术设备)是动作的发出者，故在其前面加上介词by。Some try to reason with the police officer who has pulled them over for some real or imagined traffic offense. But when law enforcement is represented by a computer-driven
28、 camera that has immortalized your violation in film, it is hard to talk your way out of 11 a heavy fine. Yet that is precisely what some 300 motorists in San Diego succeeded in doing last week that a superior court judge rules 12 that pictures taken by the so-called red-light cameras were unreliabl
29、e and therefore unacceptable. The first U. S. court decision to reject all the traffic violations catching on camera, the ruling by judge Ronald Styn has fueled 13 debate over the growing use of the devices. Police departments swear, and studies indicate, that the robot cameras deter people in 14 sp
30、eeding and running red lights. Yet at least seven states have blocked proposals to implement them, but opponents ranging from 15 House majority leader Dick Armey to the American Civil Liberties Unionargues that the cameras violate privacy and place profit 16 above public safety. Part of the problem
31、is that virtually all the devices in the place 17 are operated by private firms that handle everything from installing the machinery to identifying violationsoften with maximal police 18 oversightand have an incentive to pull in as many drivers as they can. The companies get paid as many as $70 a ti
32、cket, and the total 19 revenue is hardly chump change. Its all about money, says Congressman Bob Barr, a leading critic. Not so, insists Terrance Gainer, Washingtons executive assistant chief of police. We have reduced fatalities. If some company is making money that, that is 20 American way.（分数：25.
33、00）解析：inon解析 介词误用。表示“把印在胶卷上”时用介词on。解析：thatwhen解析 从句引导词错误。这里week后面是定语从句，引导词在从句中作时间状语，因此应该使用when，而不能使用that。解析：catchingcaught解析 非谓语动词误用。the traffic violations与catch之间是动宾关系，应该使用过去分词表被动。解析：infrom解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。deter sb. from doing sth. 表示“阻止某人做某事”，为固定表达，不能使用介词in，本句的意思是“警察部门称，自动摄像头阻止了人们超速和闯红灯”。解析：butand解析
34、连词误用。上句说“至少七个州已经禁止安装这些设备”，下句说“反对者争辩说摄像头触犯隐私且把利润置于公共安全之上”。由此可见，这两个句子都是在说反对者的观点，因此是并列关系，而不是转折关系。解析：arguesargue解析 主谓不一致。此句的主语是opponents，两个破折号中间的内容都是插入语，所以谓语使用复数形式。解析：第三个the the 解析 冠词冗余。in place是固定搭配，表示“在适合的或通常的位置上”，无需使用定冠词the。解析：maximalminimal解析 语义错误。此句的含义是“几乎所有的监视服务从安装到辨认交通违规行为都是由私人公司提供的。”因此可以判断，这样做会将
35、警察的监督角色降至最小，而不是最大，因此应该使用minimal。解析：manymuch解析 形容词误用。这句话说“每给司机开出一张罚单，提供监视服务的公司便可获得多达70美元的酬劳”，形容钱的时候应该使用much，而不能使用修饰可数名词的many。解析：moneyoff/from解析 介词缺失。make money off/from.意为“从中赚钱，通过来赚钱”。文章结尾处使用了讽刺手法，说“如果有任何公司从中赚钱的话，那就是美国道路”，即Terrance Gainer认为监视系统是可靠的。Resale Price Maintenance is the name used when a ret
36、ailer is compelled to sell at a price fixed by the manufacturer instead of choosing for himself how much to add on to the wholesale price he pays for his supplies. This practice is associated to the sale of 21 branded goods, which now form a very considerate proportion of 22 consumers purchases and
37、it has led to a great deal of controversy. Generally such articles are packed and advertised by the manufacturers, who tries to create a special image in the minds of 23 possible purchasersan image made up of the look of the article, its use, its price, or everything else that might lead purchasers
38、to 24 ask for that brand rather for any other. If a retailer is allowed to 25 charge any price he likes he may find it worth to sell one brand at 26 cut prices even though this involves a loss, because he hopes to attract customers to the shop, in where they may be persuaded to 27 buy many other typ
39、es of goods at higher prices. The manufacturer of the brand that has cut fears that the retailer may be tempted to 28 reduce the services on this article, but, as if he does not there is a 29 danger that the customer becomes unsettled and is unwilling to pay the standard price of the article because
40、 he feels that he is being done. This may, and indeed often does, affect the reputation of the manufacturer and make him lose his market in long run. 30 （分数：25.00）解析：towith解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。be associated with表示“与相联系，联结”，为固定搭配，故将to改为with。解析：considerateconsiderable解析 词义混淆。这句话要表达的意思是“现在这种品牌的货物在消费者购买的物品中占有相
41、当大的比例”，应该使用considerable“相当大(或多)的，相当可观的”，considerate则表示“考虑周到的，体谅的”。解析：triestry解析 主谓不一致。此处who引导的非限制性定语从句的先行词是manufacturers，是复数形式，所以谓语也应使用复数形式。解析：orand解析 连词误用。此处的意思是“材料的外观、用途、价格以及其他方面”，应该用and表示并列。解析：第二个forthan解析 固定搭配错误。rather than表示“不是而是”。解析：worthworthwhile解析 近义词混用。worth是形容词，后面接动词-ing形式，表示“值得做”，如：The b
42、ook is worth reading这里后面的to sell是不定式，因此不能使用worth。worthwhile表示“值得的”，可以跟不定式。解析：in in 解析 或wherewhich介词冗余或关系词误用。该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是shop，从句意为“在这个商店里顾客被说服以更高的价格购买其他的商品”，因此应该使用表示地点的关系副词where，介词in是多余的。也可将where改为which，用in which引导非限制性定语从句。解析：hasbeen解析 语态错误。这里that引导的是定语从句，先行词是brand，且brand和cut之间是动宾关系，应该使用被动语态。fear
43、s是句子的谓语而非名词。解析：aseven解析 连词误用。but后面是一个让步状语从句，意思是“即便他没有这样(降低服务质量)，危险仍然存在，那就是顾客感到犹豫，不愿意按照原价购买这个商品，因为他们觉得上当了。”可见此处不是表示“好像”，而是表示“即使”。解析：inthe解析 固定搭配中的冠词缺失。in the long run是固定搭配，表示“从长远来看”，the不能省略。We use language every day. We live in a world of words. Hardly any moment passes with someone talking, writing
44、or 31 reading. Indeed, language is most essential to mankind. Our life increasingly depends on fast and successful use of language. 32 Strangely enough, we know more about things around us than that of 33 ourselves. For example, language is species-specific, that is, it is language that differs huma
45、n from animals. However, we do not 34 know yet how exactly we inquire language and how it is possible for 35 us to perceive through language; so do we understand precisely the 36 relationships between language and thought, language and logic, or language and culture; still more, how and when languag
46、e started. 37 One reason why this inadequate knowledge of language is that we, 38 language users, take too many things for granted. Language comes to every normal person so naturally that a few of us stop to question 39 what language is, much less do we feel the necessity to study it. Language is fa
47、r more complex than most people have probably imagined and the necessity to study it is much greater than some people may have assumed. Linguistics is a branch of science which takes language like its object of investigation. 40 （分数：25.00）解析：withwithout解析 语义错误。上文中提到“我们每天都在使用语言。我们生活在一个充满语言的世界中。”因此，此句
48、意思应该是“人们几乎无时无刻不在谈话、写字或者阅读。”应该使用without，hardly和without两个否定词连用，表示肯定意义。解析：onthe解析 冠词缺失。该句意为“我们的生活越来越依赖对语言迅速而恰当的使用。”这里use为名词，表示“使用”。fast and successful use of language是特指“对语言的使用情况”，前面应该加定冠词the。解析：thatthose解析 代词误用。than后面指代的成分是things，是复数名词，因此应该用代词those。该处意为“我们对于身边事情的了解要多于对自身事情的了解”。解析：differsdistinguishes解析 近义词误用。
