1、专业八级翻译-练习四及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.细娃盼过年，大人盼开春。儿时，对于大人的盼是不能理解的，但过年，对我来说。可是一年的大盼头了。过年，不但好玩，且有肉吃，那气氛是迷人的：年一过，又盼日子快些流，好流来又一个春节。在盼中，日子真的流得飞快，转眼间上了小学，继而初中，然后高中，最后大学；盼的欲望更加强烈，盼的内容页渐渐丰富了；盼有好成绩毕业，盼有一份好工作，盼事业有成，盼挣钱替父母分忧，盼有一个爱人不知不觉，天天踩着盼的石阶而上，自己竟成了一个大男人，一个挣钱养家糊口的忙碌人了。
2、生活开始变得复杂。然而无论自己是否变得庸俗，变得伟大，盼头依然天天有；盼信件，盼稿件被采用，盼发奖金，盼某事有满意结果，盼一次聚会，一次旅行人就在盼中找到了依托。（分数：10.00）_2.在我自己的交游中，最值得系念的老是一些少年时代以来的朋友。这些朋友本来数目就不多，有些住在远地，连相会的机会也不可多得。他们有的年龄大过了我，有的小我几岁，都是中年以上的人了。平日各人所走的方向不同，思想趣味境遇也都不免互异，大家晤谈起来，也常会遇到说不出的隔膜的情形。如大家话旧，旧事是彼此共喻的，而且大半都是少年时代的事，“旧游如梦”，把梦也似的过去的少年时代重提，因谈话的进行，同时会联想起许多当时的事情，
3、许多当时的人的面影，这时好像自己仍回归到少年时代去了。我常在这种时候感到一种快乐，同时也感到一种伤感，那情形好比老妇人突然在抽屉里或箱子里发见了她盛年时的影片。（分数：10.00）_3.我的生命大概不会很长久罢。然而在短促的过去的回顾中却有一盏明灯，照彻了我的灵魂和黑暗，使我的生存有一点光彩。这盏灯就是友情。我应该感谢它。因为靠了它我才能够活到现在；而且把旧家庭给我留下的阴影扫除了的也正是它。世间有不少的人为了家庭抛弃朋友，至少也会在家庭和朋友之间划一个界限，把家庭看得比朋友重过若干倍。这似乎是很自然的事情。我也曾亲眼看见一些人结婚以后就离开朋友，离开事业朋友是暂时的，家庭是永久的。在好些人的
4、行为里我发见了这个信条。这个信条在我实在是不可理解的。对于我，要是没有朋友，我现在会变成怎样可怜的东西，我自己也不知道。然而朋友们把我救了。他们给了我家庭所不能给的东西。他们的友爱，他们的帮助，他们的鼓励，几次把我从深渊的边沿救回来。他们对我表示了无限的慷慨。（分数：10.00）_4.使人生圆滑进行的微妙的要素，莫如“渐”；造物主骗人的手段，也莫如“渐”。在不知不觉之中，天真烂漫的孩子“渐渐”变成野心勃勃的青年；慷慨豪侠的青年“渐渐”变成冷酷的成人；血气旺盛的成人“渐渐”变成顽固的老头子。因为其变更是渐进的，一年一年地，一月一月地，一日一日地，一时一时地，一分一分地，一秒一秒地渐进，犹如从斜度
5、极缓的长远的山坡上走下来，使人不察其递降的痕迹，不见其各阶段的境界，而似乎觉得常在同样的地位，恒久不变，又无时不有生的意趣与价值，于是人生就被确实肯定，而圆滑进行了。（分数：10.00）_5.海风微微的吹过岛上，白日里剩下的热气全吹走了。夜晚是很静寂的。整个岛落在一层柔软的黑暗的网里。只有深蓝色的天空中闪烁着无数的明星，这里的星似乎比在别的地方都明亮。人们常常这样说：白天的太阳使这个岛特别明亮，夜里是星子使这个岛特别灿烂。灯光渐次地灭了。一些建筑稀落地耸立在黑暗里，被茂盛的树木掩盖着。路是几条螺旋形的山路，交缠着，从岩石般的山顶蜿蜒地伸下来，到了下面便是比较热闹的街市，这时沿街的商店已经大半关
6、了门。路再伸过去，那外面一层，靠着码头一带，便是几家旅馆，都是些三层的楼房，从这些新式窗户里射出来较多的灯光在海面上。（分数：10.00）_二、SECTION B ENGLISH TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)6.To help others, you dont have to be an efficient expert in the art; the main thing is the intention. You may be crude and clumsy, wasteful and ineffective, but if you sincerely try to help,
7、your attempt produces nothing but good. The one you are trying to help knows your intention and is strengthened and encouraged by the magic of your sharing. In nearly every case, your simple desire to help, converted into action, produces the good sought. But perhaps the greatest good is the good th
8、at you yourself get out of the attempt. Service to others delivers more joy to you than the joy you deliver to them. In doing good, you flee yourself from the terrible burden of self; you escape from yourself into a clean world of joy and light. The good you simply try to do, regardless of the outco
9、me, is always a success inside yourself.Unselfish giving is your most efficient formula for happiness, for you have embraced Eternity instead of Self; you have felt Life, and you are now the world bigger than you were before you began the project.（分数：10.00）_7.If one realizes that our time on this ea
10、rth is but a tiny fraction of that within the cosmos, then life calculated in years may not be as important as we think. Why measure life in heartbeats? When life is so dependent on such an unreliable function as the beating of the heart, then it is fragile indeed. The only thing that one can depend
11、 upon with absolute certainty is death.I believe that death may be the most important part of life. I believe that life is infinitesimally brief in relation to the immensity of eternity. I believe, because of my religious faith, that I shall “return to the Father“ in an afterlife that is beyond desc
12、ription. I believe that though my life was short in years, it was full in experience, joy, love and accomplishment; that my own immortality will reside in the memories of my loved ones left behind, mother, brother, wife, children, dear friends.（分数：10.00）_8.There is not much to choose between men. Th
13、ey are all a hotchpotch of greatness and littleness, of virtue and vice, of nobility and baseness. Some have more strength of character, or more opportunity, and so in one direction or another give their instincts freer play, but potentially they are the same. For my part, I do not think I am any be
14、tter or any worse than most people, but I know that if I set down every action in my life and every thought that has crossed my mind, the world would consider me a monster of depravity. The knowledge that these reveries are common to all men should inspire one with tolerance to oneself as well as to
15、 others. It is well also if they enable us to look upon our fellows, even the most eminent and respectable, with humor, and if they lead us to take ourselves not too seriously.（分数：10.00）_9.At one point along an open highway, I came to a crossroads with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now
16、, but as I approached the light, it turned red and I braked to a halt. I looked left, right and behind me. Nothing. Not a car, no suggestion of headlights, but there I sat, waiting for the light to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.I started wondering why I refused to
17、 rtm the light. I was not afraid of being arrested, because there was obviously no cop around, and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it.Much later that night, after Id met with a group in Lewisburg and had climbed into bed near midnight, the question of why Id stopped for th
18、at light came back to me. I think I stopped because its part of a contract we all have with each other. Its not only the law, but its an arrangement we have, and we trust each other to honor it: we dont go through red lights. Like most of us, Im more apt to be restrained from doing something bad by
19、the social convention that disapproves of it than by any law against it.（分数：10.00）_10.What is leadership? Its qualities are difficult to define. But they are not so difficult to identify.Leaders dont force other people to go along with them. They bring them along. Leaders get commitment from others
20、by giving it themselves, by building an environment that encourages creativity, and by operating with honesty and fairness.Good leaders arent “lone rangers“. They recognize that an organizations strategies for success require the combined talents and efforts of many people. Leadership is the catalys
21、t for transforming those talents into results.Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually oriented to the futurenot wedded to the past. They have a hunger to take responsibility, to innovate, and to initiate. They are not content with merely taking care of whats already there. They want to
22、 move forward to create something new.Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as dedication, and speak from experience as well as understanding of the problems they face and the people they work with.（分数：10.00）_专业八级翻译-练习四答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总
23、题数：5，分数：50.00)1.细娃盼过年，大人盼开春。儿时，对于大人的盼是不能理解的，但过年，对我来说。可是一年的大盼头了。过年，不但好玩，且有肉吃，那气氛是迷人的：年一过，又盼日子快些流，好流来又一个春节。在盼中，日子真的流得飞快，转眼间上了小学，继而初中，然后高中，最后大学；盼的欲望更加强烈，盼的内容页渐渐丰富了；盼有好成绩毕业，盼有一份好工作，盼事业有成，盼挣钱替父母分忧，盼有一个爱人不知不觉，天天踩着盼的石阶而上，自己竟成了一个大男人，一个挣钱养家糊口的忙碌人了。生活开始变得复杂。然而无论自己是否变得庸俗，变得伟大，盼头依然天天有；盼信件，盼稿件被采用，盼发奖金，盼某事有满意结果，盼
24、一次聚会，一次旅行人就在盼中找到了依托。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Days spent in expectation came and went really very fast. Very soon I finished primary school, went to junior and senior middle school, and finally to college; with ever greater desire for more varied things: for graduation with honors, for an ideal job, for a su
25、ccessful career, for more earnings to share my parents burden, for a satisfactory wife. Climbing the upward steps of hope, I had become a fully grown man before I was aware of it, a busy bread-winner with a family on my hands.Life began to show its various facets. Whether I have turned more vulgar o
26、r great, I have always something to look forward to. It may be arrival of a letter, publication of an article, the bonus-distributing day, a gratifying result of something, a get-together or a pleasure trip. Such expectations serve as a prop to my faith in life.)解析：难点注释1在盼中，日子真的流得飞快：此句与后面的内容相对松散些，可独
27、立译成一个句子。“盼”指的是“希望，期冀”，可译为 expectation。“流得飞快”可译为 came and went really very fast，或fleeted away。2转眼上了小学最后大学：该部分需增译出主语 I。“小学”、“初中”、“高中”、“大学”这几个学习阶段对应的译文为 primary school，junior middle school，senior middle school，college。3盼的欲望更加强烈：“盼”和“欲望”意思相同，故译为 desire一词即可。“盼的内容也渐渐丰富了”指“盼的东西多种多样”，此处将两部分合译为 with ever gre
28、ater desire for more varied things，使译文更为简洁。4盼有好成绩毕业爱人：此处是对前面盼的内容的具体说明，在翻译时可转译为 for引导的介词短语：for graduation with honors.for a satisfactory wife。5不知不觉忙碌人了：这部分的语义重心在后，因此可考虑把“天天踩着盼的石阶而上”译为分词短语，后面的内容译为主句。“一个挣钱养家糊口的忙碌人”可译为 a busy bread-winner with a family on my hands。“大男人”不能直译为 a big man，此处指“长大成人”，可译为 a fu
29、lly grown man。6生活开始变得复杂：可直译为 Life began to show its complexity/its various facets。7然而，无论自己是否变得庸俗，人就在盼中找到了依托：可断句译为三个独立的句子。第一部分“然而，无论自己依然天天有”中，“庸俗”可译为 vulgar，“盼头”可译为 something to look forward to或 hope。第二部分“盼信件一次旅行”对“盼头”进行说明，根据英语多名词的特点，可将这些动词词组转译为名词词组，该部分可译为 It may be arrival of a letter，publication of
30、 an article.or a pleasure trip。“人就在盼中找到了依托”指这些期盼在我的生活中成为了信仰的依托，因此可译为 Such expectation serve as a prop to my faith in life。2.在我自己的交游中，最值得系念的老是一些少年时代以来的朋友。这些朋友本来数目就不多，有些住在远地，连相会的机会也不可多得。他们有的年龄大过了我，有的小我几岁，都是中年以上的人了。平日各人所走的方向不同，思想趣味境遇也都不免互异，大家晤谈起来，也常会遇到说不出的隔膜的情形。如大家话旧，旧事是彼此共喻的，而且大半都是少年时代的事，“旧游如梦”，把梦也似的过
31、去的少年时代重提，因谈话的进行，同时会联想起许多当时的事情，许多当时的人的面影，这时好像自己仍回归到少年时代去了。我常在这种时候感到一种快乐，同时也感到一种伤感，那情形好比老妇人突然在抽屉里或箱子里发见了她盛年时的影片。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Of all my friends, those I have known since childhood are most worthy of remembrance. They are few in number. Some of them live far away and we seldom have an opportunity to
32、 see each other. Some of them are older than I am, and some a few years younger. But all of us are in late mid-life. Since we have each followed a different course in life, our ways of thinking. interests and circumstances are bound to differ, and often we lack mutual understanding somehow or other
33、in our conversation. Nevertheless, when we talk over old times, we will always agree on things in the pastmostly about things in our childhood days. While we retell the dream-like childhood days in the course of our conversation, numerous scenes and persons of bygone days will unfold again before Ou
34、r eyes, and we will feel like reliving the old days.)解析：难点注释1在我自己的交游中：指的是“在自己的朋友当中”，因此可译为 of all my friends。形容词“一些少年时代以来的”可转译为定语从句 I have known since childhood。2最值得系念的：可译为 most worthy of remembrance或 most worthy of remembering。3住在远地：可译为 live far away。4不可多得：译为 seldom have即可。5他们有的年龄大过了我，有的小我几岁，都是中年以上的
35、人了：此句可采用分译法译成两个独立的句子。前部分中“有的小我几岁”在结构上与“他们有的年龄大过了我”相似，故翻译时可省略谓语 are，译为 and some a few years younger。后一部分“都是中年以上的人了”含有转折之意，故可增译出连词 but。“中年以上”若译为 more than middle-age则不够地道，在此可译为 late mid-life。6平日各人所走的方向不同：表原因，故可译为 since或 because引导的状语从句。7所走的方向不同：指人生道路不同，译为 followed a different course in life即可。8思想趣味境遇：包
36、含三个方面的意思，故可译为 our ways of thinking, interests and circumstances。9晤谈起来：可转译为介词短语 in our conversation。10隔膜的情形：指没有共同语言，无法共鸣，可灵活译为 lack mutual understanding。11如大家话旧，旧事是彼此共喻的，这时好像自己仍回归到少年时代去了：此句属于典型的流水句，需要进行断句处理。“如大家话旧少年时代的事”可独立译成句，该部分承接上文，故可增译副词nevertheless。“话旧”即“谈论旧时光”，可译为 talk over old times。“彼此共喻”指“认同
37、彼此的想法”译为动词短语 agree on即可。“旧游如梦”和“把梦也似的过去的少年时代”表达的是相同的意思，故可合译为 the dream-like childhood days。“许多当时的事情，许多当时的人的面影”译为numerous scenes and persons of bygone days即可。3.我的生命大概不会很长久罢。然而在短促的过去的回顾中却有一盏明灯，照彻了我的灵魂和黑暗，使我的生存有一点光彩。这盏灯就是友情。我应该感谢它。因为靠了它我才能够活到现在；而且把旧家庭给我留下的阴影扫除了的也正是它。世间有不少的人为了家庭抛弃朋友，至少也会在家庭和朋友之间划一个界限，把家
38、庭看得比朋友重过若干倍。这似乎是很自然的事情。我也曾亲眼看见一些人结婚以后就离开朋友，离开事业朋友是暂时的，家庭是永久的。在好些人的行为里我发见了这个信条。这个信条在我实在是不可理解的。对于我，要是没有朋友，我现在会变成怎样可怜的东西，我自己也不知道。然而朋友们把我救了。他们给了我家庭所不能给的东西。他们的友爱，他们的帮助，他们的鼓励，几次把我从深渊的边沿救回来。他们对我表示了无限的慷慨。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Many people forsake their friends in favour of their own families, or at least draw a l
39、ine of demarcation between families and friends, considering the former to be many times more important than the latter. That seems to be a matter of course. I have also seen with my own eyes how some people abandon their friends as well as their own careers soon after they get married.Friends are t
40、ransient whereas families are lastingthat is the tenet, as I know, guiding the behaviour of many people. To me, that is utterly inconceivable. Without friends, I would have been reduced to I dont know what a miserable creature.Friends are my saviours. They give me things which is beyond my family to
41、 give me. Thanks to their fraternal love, assistance and encouragement, I have time and again been saved from falling into an abyss while on its verge. They have been enormously generous towards me.)解析：难点注释1世间有不少的人为了家庭抛弃朋友，至少也会在家庭和朋友之间划一个界限，把家庭看得比朋友重过若干倍：此句可采用顺译法处理，“为了”在此译为 in favour of更好。“划一个界限”则可译
42、为 draw a line of demarcation。前面已经提到家庭和朋友，所以在翻译“把家庭看得比朋友重过若干倍”时这两者可分别采用 the former和 the latter来代替，以免复赘。2很自然的事情：指理所当然的事，可对应译为 a matter of course。3我也曾亲眼看见一些人结婚以后就离开朋友，离开事业：此句中“离开朋友”和“离开事业”这两个并列的表达在翻译时可用 as well as连接，即 abandon their friends as well as their own careers。4朋友是暂时的，家庭是永久的：此句中“朋友是暂时的”和“家庭是永久的
43、”暗含对比关系，因此可用 whereas来连接，该句可译为 Friends are transient whereas families are lasting。“暂时的”还可译为 temporary或 transitory；“永久的”也可译为 permanent。5在好些人的行为里我发见了这个信条：指的是我知道很多人都将这个信条作为行为的向导，可灵活译为 that is the tenet, as I know, guiding the behaviour of many people。6变成：在此含有“沦落”之意，可译为 be reduced to。7可怜的东西：不宜逐字译为 poor t
44、hings，此处指“人的悲惨境遇”因此译为 miserable creature更贴切。8我家庭所不能给的东西：可译为 things which it is beyond my family to give me。9他们的友爱，他们的帮助，他们的鼓励：本句含有因果关系，因此可在此句对应的译文前增译出thinks to或 because of。“几次”可直接译为 several times，但译为 time and again则更佳。4.使人生圆滑进行的微妙的要素，莫如“渐”；造物主骗人的手段，也莫如“渐”。在不知不觉之中，天真烂漫的孩子“渐渐”变成野心勃勃的青年；慷慨豪侠的青年“渐渐”变成冷酷
45、的成人；血气旺盛的成人“渐渐”变成顽固的老头子。因为其变更是渐进的，一年一年地，一月一月地，一日一日地，一时一时地，一分一分地，一秒一秒地渐进，犹如从斜度极缓的长远的山坡上走下来，使人不察其递降的痕迹，不见其各阶段的境界，而似乎觉得常在同样的地位，恒久不变，又无时不有生的意趣与价值，于是人生就被确实肯定，而圆滑进行了。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(The subtle factor that makes life endurable is “gradualness“. It is by this “gradualness“ that the Creator deceives all humans. Through the process of imperceptible gradual change, innocent kids become ambitious youths, chivalrous youths become unfeeling grownups, and aggressive grownups become mul
