1、专业八级翻译-练习六及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.有一种人我最不喜欢和他下棋，那便是太有涵养的人。杀死他一大块，或是抽了他一个车，他神色自若，不动火，不生气，好像是无关痛痒，使你觉得索然寡味。君子无所争，下棋却是要争的。当你给对方一个严重威胁的时候，对方的头上青筋露，黄豆般的汗珠一颗颗地在额上陈列出来，或哭丧着脸作惨笑，或咕嘟着嘴作吃屎状，或抓耳挠腮，或大叫一声，或长吁短叹，或自怨自艾口中念念有词，或一串串地噎嗝打个不休，或红头涨脸如关公，种种现象，不一而足。这时节你“行有余力”便可以点起一
2、支烟，或啜一碗茶，静静地欣赏对方的苦闷的象征。我想猎人追逐一只野兔的时候，其愉快大概略相仿佛。（分数：10.00）_2.由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年，所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为“最高学府”，这名称易滋误解，好像过此以上即无学问可言。大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在，在这里做学问也只能算是粗涉藩篱，注重的是研究学问的方法与实习。学无止境，一生的时间都嫌太短，所以古人皓首穷经，头发白了还是在继续研究，不过在这样的研究中确是有浓厚的趣味。（分数：10.00）_3.夜是静寂的，柔和的。从对面我听不见一点声音。香港似乎闭了它的大口。但是当我注意到那一座
3、光芒万丈的星的山的时候，我又仿佛听见那许多灯光的私语了。因为船的移动，灯光也似乎移动起来。而且电车汽车上的灯也在飞跑。我看见它们时明时暗，就像人在眨眼，或者像它们在追逐。在说话。我的视觉和听觉混合起来。我仿佛在用眼睛听了。那一座星的山并不是沉默的，在那里正奏着伟大的交响乐。（分数：10.00）_4.那就是白杨树，西北极普通的一种树，然而实在不是平凡的一种树!那是一种力争上游的一种树，笔直的干，笔直的枝。它的干呢，通常是丈把高，像是加过人工似的，一丈以内，绝无旁枝：它所有的丫枝呢，一律向上，而且紧紧靠拢，也像是加过人工似的，成为一束，绝无横斜逸出；它的宽大的叶子也是片片向上，几乎没有斜生的，更不
4、用说倒垂了；它的皮，光滑而有银色的晕圈，微微泛出淡青色。这是虽在北方的风雪的压迫下却保持着倔强挺立的一种树!哪怕只有碗来精细罢，它却努力向上发展，高到丈许，二丈，参天耸立，不折不挠，对抗着西北风。（分数：10.00）_5.中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值。还在遥远的古代，我们的先人就已提出“民为责”的思想，认为“天生万物，唯人为贵”，一切社会的发展和进步，都取决于人的发展和进步，取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥。中国共产党领导人民进行革命、建设和改革，就是要确保全中国人民获得广泛的自由、民主和人权。今天中国所焕发出来的巨大活力，是中国人民拥有广泛自由、民主的生动写照。（分数：10.00）_二、S
5、ECTION B ENGLISH TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)6.Todays policemen in large cities throughout the world rely on modem inventions to help them in their work. In most places motor scooters and police patrol cars have done away with the need to patrol on foot or on horseback. Policemen use telephones, conveniently
6、located throughout their districts, to make immediate contact with headquarters. Radio, television, and computers help to speed the work of the modem force. Even boats and helicopters are part of the equipment of metropolitan police departments. New technical inventions are widely used to fight crim
7、e and speed the solution for criminal cases. Electronic computer reduce from hours to minutes the time spent in searching for fingerprints. Witnesss descriptions of a criminal are coded and fed into a computer. The machine then sorts through the picture file of known criminals and selects the name a
8、nd photograph of the most likely suspect. Lie detectors are used to uncover the truth.（分数：10.00）_7.Petroleum is essentially a nonrenewable natural resource, an almost useless mixture comprised of very useful substances. It exists underground in liquid, solid, semisolid, and gaseous states. The name
9、“petroleum“ is derived from the Latin words petra and oleum, meaning “rock oil“. Created only by nature but exploited by man, petroleum is a nonrenewable resource because people consume it approximately one million times faster than nature can create it. Timber is a renewable natural resource; it ca
10、n be harvested, replanted, and then reharvested in a few decades. In a sense, petroleum “seeds“ are being planted today because the natural processes that create petroleum occur continuously. However, the results cannot be harvested for many millions of years. The petroleum that man “harvests“ today
11、 was “planted“ 30-6,000 million years ago! That is why petroleum is considered nonrenewable.（分数：10.00）_8.Water problems in the future will become intense and more complex. On the one hand, our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, rapidly
12、 expanding industries which involve more complex chemical processes will produce larger volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantitie
13、s of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard
14、. This involves the processing of solid wastes “prior to“ disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fi
15、elds as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrient supplement contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry p
16、rocessing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are exploring potential economic uses for their waste products.（分数：10.00）_9.I was up the next morning before the October sunrise, and away through the wild and the woodland. The rising of th
17、e sun was noble in the cold and warmth of it; peeping down the spread of light, he raised his shoulder heavily over the edge of grey mountain and wavering length of upland. Beneath his gaze the dew-fogs dipped, and crept to the hollow places; then stole away in line and column, holding skirts, and c
18、linging subtly at the sheltering comers where rock hung over grassland, while the brave lines of the hills came forth, one beyond other gliding.The woods arose in folds, like drapery of awakened mountains, stately with a depth of awe, and memory of the tempests. Autumns mellow hand was upon them, as
19、 they owned already, touched with gold and red and olive, and their joy towards the sun was less to a bridegroom than a father.（分数：10.00）_10.It was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the Amazon River dream about.With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry
20、season, a giant school of bass, a tasty fish that fetches a good price at markets, was swimming right into the nets being cast from a dozen small canoes here.But hovering nearby was a large commercial fishing vessel. The crew on board was just waiting for the remainder of the fish to move into the r
21、ivers main channel, where they intended to scoop up as many as they could with their efficient gill nets.A symbol of abundance to the rest of the world, the Amazon is experiencing a crisis of overfishing. As stocks of the most popular species diminish to worrisome levels tensions are growing between
22、 subsistence fishermen and their commercial rivals, who are eager to enrich their bottom line and satisfy the growing appetite for fish of city-dwellers in Brazil and abroad.In response, peasants up and down the Amazon, here in Brazil and in neighboring countries like Peru, are forming cooperatives
23、to control fish catches and restock their rivers and lakes. But that effort, increasingly successful, has only encouraged the commercial fishing operations, as well as some of the peasants less disciplined neighbors, to step up their depredations.“The industrial fishing boats, the big 20- to 30-ton
24、vessels, they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen, who have learned to take the protection of the environment into account,“ said the president of the local fishermens union. “They want to sweep everything up with their dragnets and then move on, benefiting from our work and sacri
25、fice and leaving us with nothing./（分数：10.00）_专业八级翻译-练习六答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.有一种人我最不喜欢和他下棋，那便是太有涵养的人。杀死他一大块，或是抽了他一个车，他神色自若，不动火，不生气，好像是无关痛痒，使你觉得索然寡味。君子无所争，下棋却是要争的。当你给对方一个严重威胁的时候，对方的头上青筋露，黄豆般的汗珠一颗颗地在额上陈列出来，或哭丧着脸作惨笑，或咕嘟着嘴作吃屎状，或抓耳挠腮，或大叫一声，或长吁短叹，或自怨自艾口中念念有词，或一串
26、串地噎嗝打个不休，或红头涨脸如关公，种种现象，不一而足。这时节你“行有余力”便可以点起一支烟，或啜一碗茶，静静地欣赏对方的苦闷的象征。我想猎人追逐一只野兔的时候，其愉快大概略相仿佛。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(When you put him on the spot, you can expect to see blue veins standing out on his temples and drops of sweat with the same size of soybean appearing on his forehead. He will either wear a wan
27、 smile on his long face, or purse his lips in displeasure, or scratch his head, or let out a sharp cry, or sigh and groan, or bitterly repent his folly, or keep hiccupping unceasingly, or flush crimson with shame, and suchlike. And at such a moment, feeling carefree, you can light a cigarette or jus
28、t take a sip from your teacup and savor the signs of your opponents discomfort. The pleasure you have from it, I believe, is by no means less than that a hunter gets from a deadbeat rabbit at his mercy.)解析：难点注释1给一个威胁：可译为 puton the spot。2青筋暴露：可译为 blue veins standing out。3黄豆般的汗珠一颗颗地在额上陈列出来：可译为 drops o
29、f sweat with the same size of soybean appearing on his forehead。4或哭丧着脸作惨笑，或咕嘟着嘴作吃屎状，或抓耳挠腮，或大叫一声，或长吁短叹，或自怨自艾口中念念有词，或一串串地噎嗝打个不休，或红头涨脸如关公：此句为无主句，译时要增译出主语 he。从“或或”的结构可以知道此处要用到 eitheror结构。5哭丧着脸作惨笑：“惨笑”可译成 a wan smile，“哭丧着脸”可译成 wear/draw/put on a long face。故此句可译为 wear a wan smile on a long face。6咕嘟着嘴作吃屎状：
30、“咕嘟着嘴”就是“撅嘴”，译为 purse，“作吃屎状”形容人生气、愤怒的样子，这里宜用意译，可泽成 in displeasure。7抓耳挠腮：有固定译法，译为 scratch ones head。8长吁短叹：可译为 sigh and groan。9自怨自艾口中念念有词：此处表达含义重复，只要译出 repent ones folly即可。10种种现象，不一而足：固定译法为 suchlike。11这时节你“行有余力”便可以点起一支烟：句中“行有余力”形容人无忧无虑、悠然自得的一种状态，可以译成现在分词短语 feeling carefree。12我想猎人追逐一只野兔的时候，其愉快大概略相仿佛：可直
31、译为 The pleasure you have from it, I believe, is by no means less than that a hunter gets from a deadbeat rabbit at his mercy.2.由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年，所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为“最高学府”，这名称易滋误解，好像过此以上即无学问可言。大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在，在这里做学问也只能算是粗涉藩篱，注重的是研究学问的方法与实习。学无止境，一生的时间都嫌太短，所以古人皓首穷经，头发白了还是在继续研究，不过在这样的研
32、究中确是有浓厚的趣味。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Even when it comes to the 4 years college career, what has been delivered to us is still rather superficial. People usually call university the “highest institution of learning“, which is likely to cause misunderstanding that as if there were no other knowledge above this
33、 level. It is graduate school in a university that is the place to do research work at a basic level. However, even if you work in such places, you just touch the hedge slightly. What has been being stressed is the way to do research and practice. Knowledge is infinite, and time is limited even thou
34、gh you devote your lifetime to it. In view of this, people learn to an old age in order to acquire knowledge centuries ago, so much so that as their hair grow all white, they still keep studying. Yet, it is really interesting to do such research work.)解析：难点注释1粗浅的：此处指的是“粗浅的”知识，所以使用 superficial，而不能用表示
35、物理上“浅的”之意的shallow。2世人常称大学为“最高学府”，这名称易滋误解：此句后半句是对前半句的总结评论，“这”指的就是世人称大学为“最高学府”这件事，所以可以翻译成定语从句。此句译为 People usually call university the “highest institution of learning”，which is likely to cause misunderstanding。3大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在：此部分在翻译过程中要注意：1)汉语中明显有强调的成分，所以需要使用英语的强调句进行翻译；2)与后半句之间虽然没有明显的表示逻辑关系的词语，但是两者
36、之间明显是转折关系，在翻译时要加上相应的词语。此句译为 It is graduate school in a university that is the place to do research work at a basic level.4粗涉藩篱：可译为 touch the hedge slightly。5学无止境：可译为 Knowledge is infinite。6皓首穷经：可译为 people learn to an old age in order to acquire knowledge。3.夜是静寂的，柔和的。从对面我听不见一点声音。香港似乎闭了它的大口。但是当我注意到那一座
37、光芒万丈的星的山的时候，我又仿佛听见那许多灯光的私语了。因为船的移动，灯光也似乎移动起来。而且电车汽车上的灯也在飞跑。我看见它们时明时暗，就像人在眨眼，或者像它们在追逐。在说话。我的视觉和听觉混合起来。我仿佛在用眼睛听了。那一座星的山并不是沉默的，在那里正奏着伟大的交响乐。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Tranquility and peace reigned the night. Not a sound could be heard ahead far away as though Hongkong closed its big mouth. However, when I gazed
38、at that starry mountain I felt as if those countless lights were whispering with each other. The ship was moving and so were the lights, together with the lamplights on the running trolley buses and cars on the opposite streets. I saw them turning dim and bright now and then just like people winklin
39、g or frolicking or chatting with each other. My visual and auditory senses blending, I was almost listening with my eyes.)解析：难点注释1夜是寂静的。柔和的：此处为了译出原文中的美感，对句子的主语进行了调整，译为 Tranquility and peace reigned the night.2从对面我昕不到一点声音：此句由于原文中强调“听不到一点声音”，故译文中将 not a sound放在句首，以示强调，译为 Not a sound could be heard ahe
40、ad far away。3星的山：可译为 that starry mountain。4电车：可译为 trolley bus。5我又仿佛听见那许多灯光的私语了：I felt as if those countless lights were whispering with each other。此处注意翻译过程中词性的转换。原文中的“私语”是名词，但是在译文中被译成了动词形式。6时明时暗：可译为 turning dim and bright now and then。7我的视觉和听觉混合起来。我仿佛在用眼睛听了：My visual and auditory senses blending，I w
41、as almost listening with my eyes.此句在翻译的时候要注意，两个汉语句子的含义是很连贯的，所以可以翻译成一个英语句子，前一个汉语句子翻泽成英语独立主格的形式。4.那就是白杨树，西北极普通的一种树，然而实在不是平凡的一种树!那是一种力争上游的一种树，笔直的干，笔直的枝。它的干呢，通常是丈把高，像是加过人工似的，一丈以内，绝无旁枝：它所有的丫枝呢，一律向上，而且紧紧靠拢，也像是加过人工似的，成为一束，绝无横斜逸出；它的宽大的叶子也是片片向上，几乎没有斜生的，更不用说倒垂了；它的皮，光滑而有银色的晕圈，微微泛出淡青色。这是虽在北方的风雪的压迫下却保持着倔强挺立的一种树!
42、哪怕只有碗来精细罢，它却努力向上发展，高到丈许，二丈，参天耸立，不折不挠，对抗着西北风。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(It is a tree that aims high, its trunks straight, its branches straight. Their trunks are usually over ten feet tall and, as if wrought by human effort, utterly bare of branches below ten feet. Their twigs, also like things artificially sh
43、aped, all reach out towards the sky and grow close together in a cluster without any sideway growth. Their leaves are broad and point upwards with very few slanting sideways, much less upside down. Their glossy barks are a faint light green with hazy silver spots. They stand erect and unbending in f
44、ace of North Chinas violent wind and snow. Though they may be only as big as the mouth of bowl, they strive to grow upwards until they reach the towering height of some twenty feet and stand indomitable against the northwest wind.)解析：难点注释1力争上游的：翻译成定语从句 that aims high。2丈把高：可译成 over ten feet tall。3一丈以
45、内，绝无旁枝：此处的“一丈以内”意思是树干的一丈以下，故要译成 below ten feet。4一律向上，而且紧紧靠拢成为一束，绝无横斜逸出：可简单地译为 reach out towards the sky and grow close together in a cluster without any sideway growth。5它的宽大的叶子也是片片向上，几乎没有斜生的：为了避免与上文表述重复，此处的“向上”可译为point upwards，“几乎没有斜生的”可译为 with very few slanting sideways。6更不用说：可译为 much less。7它的皮，光滑而有银色的晕圈，微微泛出淡青色：句中“光滑的”可译为 glossy，“微微泛出淡青色”简单地译为 are a faint light green即可，有银色的晕圈译成 with+sth结构，即 with hazy silver spots。8哪怕只有碗来精细罢：可理解为“虽然它们只有碗口那么大”，即 Though they may be only as big as the
