1、专业八级翻译-练习五及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.沿着荷塘，是一条曲折的小煤屑路。这是一条幽僻的路；白天也少人走，夜晚更加寂寞。荷塘四面，长着许多树，蓊蓊郁郁的。路的一旁，是些杨柳和一些不知道名字的树。没有月光的晚上，这路上阴森森的，有些怕人。今晚却很好，虽然月光也还是淡淡的。路上只我一个人，背着手踱着。这一片天地好像是我的；我也像超出了平常的自己，到了另一世界里。我爱热闹，也爱冷静；爱群居，也爱独处。像今晚上，一个人在这苍茫的月下，什么部可以想，什么都可以不想，便觉是个自由的人。白天里一定
2、要做的事，一定要说的话，现在都可不理。这是独处的妙处，我且受用这无边的荷香月色好了。（分数：10.00）_2.不管是好习惯还是坏习惯，都是逐渐养成的。当一个人重复做某件事时，一种看不见的力量驱使他去重复做同一件事，这样就养成了习惯。习惯一旦形成，要改掉它是困难的，有时是不可能的。所以，我们在形成习惯的时候要小心谨慎，这一点是非常重要的。小孩子常常会养成坏习惯。这些坏习惯中有的一直保留到你死去为止。年纪大的人也会养成坏习惯，在某些情况下，这些坏习惯能毁掉人。还有的早年养成的习惯成了一件幸事。许多成功者声称他们很多的成功要归功于早年生活所形成的习惯，诸如准时、早起、诚实和彻底。（分数：10.00）
3、_3.这一句话是：“不要抛弃学问。”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的，从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候，努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰时，要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计，学问决不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要被后来少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。（分数：10.00）_4.从北平来的人往往说上海这地方怎么“呆”得住。一切都这样紧张。空气是这样龌龊。走出去很难看得见树木。诸如此类，他们可以举出一大堆。我想，月亮仿佛失掉了这一点，也该列入他们认为上海“呆”不住的理由吧。假若如此，我倒
4、并不同意。在生活的诸般条件里列入必须看月亮一项，那是没有理由的。清旷的襟怀和高远的想象力未必定须由对月而养成。把仰望的双眼移到地面，同样可以收到修养上的效益，而且更见切实。可是我并非反对看月亮，只是说即使看不到也没有什么关系罢了。（分数：10.00）_5.学问要有根底，根底要打得平正坚实，以后永远受用。初学阶段的科目之最重要的莫过于语文与数学。语文是阅读达意的工具，国文不通便很难表达自己，外国文不通便很难吸取外来的新知。数学是思想条理之最好的训练。其他科目也各有各的用处，其重要性很难强分轩轾，例如体育，从一方面看也是重要得无以复加。总之，我们在求学时代，应该暂时且把趣味放在一旁，耐着性子接受教
5、育的纪律，把自己锻炼成为坚实的材料。学问的趣味，留在将来慢慢享受一点也不迟。（分数：10.00）_二、SECTION B ENGLISH TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)6.I never met a more interesting man than Mayhew. He was a lawyer in Detroit. He was an able and a successful one. By the time he was thirty-five he had a large and a lucrative practice, he had amassed a competenc
6、e, and he stood on the threshold of a distinguished career. He had an acute brain, an attractive personality, and uprightness. There was no reason why he should not become, financially or politically, a power in the land. One evening he was sitting in his club with a group of friends and they were p
7、erhaps a little worse (or the better) for liquor. One of them had recently come from Italy and he told them of a house he had seen at Capri, a house on the hill, overlooking the Bay of Naples, with a large and shady garden. He described to them the beauty of the most beautiful island in the Mediterr
8、anean.（分数：10.00）_7.This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing the conditions facing our country today. This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So first of all, let me express my
9、 firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itselfnameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror, which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and vigor has met with that understanding and support of the pe
10、ople themselves, which is essential to victory. And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.In such a spirit on my part and on yours, we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Yet, our distress comes from no fail
11、ure of substance.（分数：10.00）_8.My address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses. The first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks. This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed. As Oscar Wilde said,
12、 “The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on. It is never of any use to oneself.“ So, here comes the advice. First, every you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible. Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirationa
13、l, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself. Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts education and will be the key to your success. To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to you
14、r education during those late night discussions, hug them. Also, of course, thank Harvard. Should you forget, theres an alumni association to remind you. Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit. In all negotiations, dont bargain for the last little advantage. Leave the change on the
15、 table. In your collaborations, always remember that “credit“ is not a conserved quantity. In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit.（分数：10.00）_9.A reader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personal experience, writes in to complain, “If I steal a nickels worth of me
16、rchandise, I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of anothers wife, I am free.“This is a prevalent misconception in many peoples mindsthat love, like merchandise, can be “stolen“. Numerous states, in fact, have enacted laws allowing damages for “alienation of affections“.But love is not
17、a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought, sold, traded or stolen. It is an act of the will, a turning of the emotions, a change in the climate of the personality.When a husband or wife is “stolen“ by another person, that husband or wife was already ripe for the stealing, was already predisposed
18、toward a new partner. The “love bandit“ was only taking what was waiting to be taken, what wanted to be taken.（分数：10.00）_10.Divorce is transforming the lives of American children. In the past World War II generation, more than 80 percent of children grew up with both biological parents. Today only h
19、alf will do so. Each year more than a million children experience family breakup: about as many are born out of wedlock.At the same time, the problems associated with family disruption have grown. Overall child well-being has declined, despite historically high public spending. The teen suicide rate
20、 has almost tripled. Juvenile crime has increased and become more violent. School performance has been poor.Over the past 25 years Americans have been conducting a vast natural experiment in family life. The results are becoming clear. Adults have benefited from the changes, but not children. Indeed
21、, this may be the first generation to do worse psychologically and socially than their parents.The novelist Pat Conroy has observed that “Each divorce is the death of a small civilization.“ No one feels this more acutely than children.（分数：10.00）_专业八级翻译-练习五答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINES
22、E TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.沿着荷塘，是一条曲折的小煤屑路。这是一条幽僻的路；白天也少人走，夜晚更加寂寞。荷塘四面，长着许多树，蓊蓊郁郁的。路的一旁，是些杨柳和一些不知道名字的树。没有月光的晚上，这路上阴森森的，有些怕人。今晚却很好，虽然月光也还是淡淡的。路上只我一个人，背着手踱着。这一片天地好像是我的；我也像超出了平常的自己，到了另一世界里。我爱热闹，也爱冷静；爱群居，也爱独处。像今晚上，一个人在这苍茫的月下，什么部可以想，什么都可以不想，便觉是个自由的人。白天里一定要做的事，一定要说的话，现在都可不理。这是独处的妙处，我且受用这无边的荷香月色好了。（分数：10.00）_正确
23、答案：(I am on my own, strolling, hands behind my back. This bit of the universe seems in my possession now; and I myself seem to have been uplifted from my ordinary self into another world. I like a serene and peaceful life, as much as a busy and active one; I like being in solitude, as much as in com
24、pany. As it is tonight, basking in a misty moonshine all by myself, I feel I am a free man, free to think of anything, or of nothing. All that one is obliged to do, or to say, in the daytime, can be very well cast aside now. That is the beauty of being alone. For the moment, just let me indulge in t
25、his profusion of moonlight and lotus fragrance.)解析：难点注释1路上只我一个人，背着手踱着：此句的语义重心在于前部分，译为主句，后部分“背着手踱着”则译为伴随状语成分 strolling，hands behind my back。2超出了平常的自己：可译为 have been uplifted from my ordinary self。3爱冷静：指我喜欢平静祥和的生活，可译为 like a serene and peaceful life。“群居”和“独处”分别转译为介词短语 in company和 in solitude。4像今晚上，一个人在
26、这苍茫的月下，什么都可以想，什么都可以不想，便觉是个自由的人：此句的语义重心在“便觉是个自由的人”，可译为主句，而“像今晚上”则可译为 as引导的状语从句 as it is tonight，“一个人在这苍茫的月下”可译为现在分词短语 basking in a misty moonshine all by myself。“什么都可以想，什么都可以不想”是对“便觉是个自由的人”的进一步说明，可译为“free to think of anything，or of nothing“。5白天里一定要做的事，一定要说的话，现在都可不理：此句中“一定要做的事”为无主句，翻译时增译主语 one，该句可译为 A
27、ll that one is obliged to do；“一定要说的话”与前者结构相同，故可省略译为 or to say。6这是独处的妙处，我且受用这无边的荷香月色好了：此句中，“妙处”指“美妙，美好”，译为beauty即可。“受用”可译为 enjoy或 indulge in。“无边的”不宜直译为 rimless，其在文中表达的是一种抽象的意义，指更偏向程度上的，故译为 this profusion更好些。2.不管是好习惯还是坏习惯，都是逐渐养成的。当一个人重复做某件事时，一种看不见的力量驱使他去重复做同一件事，这样就养成了习惯。习惯一旦形成，要改掉它是困难的，有时是不可能的。所以，我们在形
28、成习惯的时候要小心谨慎，这一点是非常重要的。小孩子常常会养成坏习惯。这些坏习惯中有的一直保留到你死去为止。年纪大的人也会养成坏习惯，在某些情况下，这些坏习惯能毁掉人。还有的早年养成的习惯成了一件幸事。许多成功者声称他们很多的成功要归功于早年生活所形成的习惯，诸如准时、早起、诚实和彻底。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Habits, good or bad, are acquired ones. A habit is developed by an invisible force which drives one to repeat an action. Once funned, it is
29、hard, sometimes even impossible to get rid of it. Therefore, it is of great importance for us to take great caution in training a habit. Children are prone to bad habits, some of which will remain throughout their life. Elderly people also tend to grow bad habits, which, under certain circumstances,
30、 may bring ruin to themselves. Some habits developed in ones earlier life turn to be a blessing. Many successful men have attributed their achievements to the habits acquired in their earlier life, such as punctuality, honesty, and perseverance and rising with the lark.)解析：难点注释1不管是好习惯还是坏习惯，都是逐渐养成的：第
31、一句的语义重心在于“习惯是逐渐养成的”，因此可泽为 Habits，good or bad，are acquired ones。2当一个人重复做某件事时，一种看不见的力量驱使他去重复做同一件事，这样就养成了习惯：此句在翻译时需要调整语序，该句强调的是习惯是如何养成的，因此把“这样就养成了习惯”译为主句，且转译为被动句 A habit is developed by an invisible force which drives one to repeat an action.其中“一种看不见的力量驱使他去重复做同一件事”本身已经包含“当一个人重复做某件事时”这句话，因此可省略不译。3习惯一旦形成
32、，要改掉它是困难的，有时是不可能的：此句中“习惯一旦形成”隐含条件之意，可译为完整的条件状语从句 Once a habit is formed，也可译为分词短语 once formed，从而使句子更简洁。4所以，我们在形成习惯的时候要小心谨慎，这一点是非常重要的：此句在翻译时需要调整语序，使译文更符合英语后重和先叙事后表态的特点，本句可译为 it作形式主语的句子。“这一点是非常重要的”可译为 It is of great importance或 It is very important。5小孩子常常会养成坏习惯。这些坏习惯中有的一直保留到你死去为止：这两句在语义和结构上都很紧凑，可合译为一句，
33、其中后一句译为定语从句。前一句中的“小孩”和后一句中的“你”都是泛称，因而译文的主语统一用 children即可。6还有的早年养成的习惯成了一件幸事：可译为 Some habits developed in ones earlier life turn to be a blessing.7许多成功者声称他们很多的成功要归功于早年生活所形成的习惯，诸如准时、早起、诚实和彻底：此句中“声称”可省略不译。“准时”译为 punctuality；“彻底”在文中指“坚持不懈”，可译为perseverance。“归功于”可译为 attribute to或 owe to。3.这一句话是：“不要抛弃学问。”以前
34、的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的，从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁现在年富力强的时候，努力做一种专门学问。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰时，要做学问也来不及了。即为吃饭计，学问决不会辜负人的。吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要被后来少年淘汰掉的。到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(I have the words, “Never give up the pursuit of learning.“ You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obta
35、ining the diploma, or, in other words, out of sheer necessity. However, from now on you are free to follow your own bent in the choice of studies. While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourselves to a special field of study? Youth will soon be gone never to return. And it will be too la
36、te for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. Knowledge will do you a good turn even as a means of subsistence. If you give up studies while holding a job, you will in a couple of years have had yourselves replaced by younger people. It will then be too late to remedy the situation
37、 by picking up studies again.)解析：难点注释1不要放弃学问：若直译为 Never give up learning则无法充分体现文中隐含的意思“不要放弃对学问的追求”，在此最好译为 Never give up the pursuit of learning.2以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的，从今以后，你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了：此句可拆译为两个独立的句子，前部分“不得已而做的”为无主句，需增译出主语you。“以前的功课”为名词，可转译为动宾结构 have perhaps finished your college courses。“
38、不得已而做的”指“纯粹是出于必要性而做”，可译为 out of sheer necessity。后部分“从今以后研究了”与前部分的“从前”之间隐含转折语气，因此可增译 however一词来衔接。3趁现在专门学问：此句为陈述句，在翻译时可采用转句译法，译成反问句式，从而增强说服力。“年富力强”，可译为 inthe prime of life。“专门学问”可译为 a special field of study。4少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰时，要做学问也来不及了：此句虽然不长，但前部分“少年是一去不复返的”与后部分“等到精力衰时，要做学问也来不及了”可拆译成两个独立的句子。“精力衰时”可译为
39、in your declining years；“做学问”可泽为 go into scholarship。5即为吃饭计：指“即便作为一种谋生的手段”，可泽为 even as a means of subsistence。6学问决不辜负人的：换句话说就是“学问会给你带来好处”，因此这句话可用反说正译法翻译成肯定句：Knowledge will do you a good turn。7吃饭而不求学问：此句含有假设之意，因此可译为 if引导的条件状语从句。8到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕已太晚了：最后一句需调整语序，译为“it is+形容词+真正主语”的结构，即 It will then be to
40、o late to remedy the situation by picking up studies again。4.从北平来的人往往说上海这地方怎么“呆”得住。一切都这样紧张。空气是这样龌龊。走出去很难看得见树木。诸如此类，他们可以举出一大堆。我想，月亮仿佛失掉了这一点，也该列入他们认为上海“呆”不住的理由吧。假若如此，我倒并不同意。在生活的诸般条件里列入必须看月亮一项，那是没有理由的。清旷的襟怀和高远的想象力未必定须由对月而养成。把仰望的双眼移到地面，同样可以收到修养上的效益，而且更见切实。可是我并非反对看月亮，只是说即使看不到也没有什么关系罢了。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Pe
41、ople from Peiping often wonder why one should choose to live in such a lousy place. They say life here is so full of tension, the air so foul, trees so scarce, and so on and so forth. I wonder if the apparent loss of moonlight might as well be listed among their reasons for staying away from this ci
42、ty. But I would think otherwise, for it doesnt make sense to call enjoyment of moonlight one of the requisites of life. Open heart and wide vision do not necessarily come of watching the moon. The same can be achieved in self-cultivation, and that in a more practical way, by looking earthward instea
43、d of skyward. Nevertheless, Im not opposed to watching the moon. I only mean it doesnt matter at all if you see no moon.)解析：难点注释1上海这地方怎么“呆”得住：指人们怎么会选择住在上海这么一个地方，故可译为 why one should choose to live in such a lousy place。2一切都这样紧张。空气是这样龌龊。走出去很难看得见树木。诸如此类，他们可以举出一大堆：本处句式结构简短，表达的都是北平人的看法，因此可合译为一个句子，但需增译主谓
44、they say。“一切都这样紧张”不可直译为 Everything is nervous.此处的“紧张”是形容生活：声奏紧绷，因此可译为Life here is full of tension。3我想，月亮仿佛失掉了这一点，也该列入他们认为上海“呆”不住的理由吧：本句以助词“吧”字结尾，隐含一种不太肯定的语气，故此处“我想”译为 I wonder比 I think更贴切。“也”在此译为“as well”也比用 also彰显翻译功底。4假若如此，我倒并不同意。在生活的诸般条件里列入必须看月亮一项，那是没有理由的：这两句之间联系紧密，隐含因果关系，因此可合译为一句。后一句在译文中要调整语序，采用
45、 it作形式主语的结构。这里的“条件”指“生活必需条件”，可译为 requisite of life。5把仰望的双眼关系罢了：是汉语中常见的无主句，翻译时可转换语态，译为英语被动句。“修养”可泽为 self-cultivation；“修养上的效益”指的就是前一句的“清旷的襟怀和高远的想象力”，为了避免复赘，可用 the same代替。“反对”可译为 be opposed to，be against，或 disagree with。5.学问要有根底，根底要打得平正坚实，以后永远受用。初学阶段的科目之最重要的莫过于语文与数学。语文是阅读达意的工具，国文不通便很难表达自己，外国文不通便很难吸取外来的新知。数学是思想条理之最好的训练。其他科目也各有各的用处，其重要性很难强分轩轾，例如体育，从一方面看也是重要得无以复加。总之，我们在求学时代，应该暂时且把趣味放在一旁，耐着性子接受教育的纪律，把自己锻炼成为坚实的材料。学问的趣味，留在将来慢慢享受一点也不迟。（分数：10.00）_
