1、专业八级翻译-练习二及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗?提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待工作、生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。（分数：10.00）_2.在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是
2、很有兴趣的，往往在接触一个人是首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷蝶的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜是，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜，吃饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一餐馆，开始举筷是有新鲜感，新盖的房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。（分数：10.00）_3.在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，顿感被打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，
3、霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片喧闹。自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摈弃，为世所遗忘的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。（分数：10.00）_4.大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。（分数：10.00）_5.乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大
4、爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说：“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于盘心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分为三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛到一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”（分数：10.00）_二、SECTION B ENGLISH TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)6.It is simple enough to say that since
5、 books have classesfiction, biography, poetrywe should separate them and take from each what it is fight that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry t
6、hat it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice.
7、If you hang back, and reserve and criticise at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what y9u read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will b
8、ring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.（分数：10.00）_7.For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and m
9、ine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to mus
10、ic, I am flooded with happiness.Im lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am f
11、ull to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it were a person.It takes a while, as I
12、watch the surf blowing up in fountains, but the moment comes when the world falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconsciousness, bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood.（分数：10.00）_8.In his classic novel, The Pioneers, James Fenimore Cooper
13、has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a bustling metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?“ she asks
14、. Hes astonished she can t see them. Where. Why everywhere, he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness:
15、the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming, never being./（分数：10.00）_9.The word “winner“ and “loser“ have man
16、y meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a co
17、ncept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid
18、, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and dont pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they
19、say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.Winners do not play “helpless“, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.（分数：10.00）_10.Poss
20、ession fur its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreaus idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening ones perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he coul
21、d spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossibl
22、e, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “the pleasure of taking pains“. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purpor
23、ts to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refu
24、sing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.（分数：10.00）_专业八级翻译-练习二答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么
25、标准可以衡量吗?提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待工作、生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(As for the meaning of life, could there be any criterion to measure it? It is certainly quite difficult, of cou
26、rse, to put forward such an absolute one, but if we, on the whole, can find out whether his attitude towards his life is serious or not and what are his attitudes towards his work and life, it would not be that difficult to make an appropriate evaluation of the meaning of ones life.Throughout the ag
27、es, all accomplished men take their lives seriously. As long as they are living, they would rather devote themselves to more work and study than let a single minute slip by in vain. Such examples have been set a lot by Chinese laboring people, as well as great politicians and thinkers of past dynast
28、ies.)解析：篇章介绍 本篇节选自生命的三分之一，是该文的开头部分。作者为马南邮。该文原始出处为燕山夜话，北京出版社，1980 年出版。初中语文自读课本七年级上册第 8课短文两篇中也有此文。难点注释1提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难：此处最好采用形式主语来翻译。“提出”可译为 put forward。2但是。大体上看一个人对待生命的态度适当的估计了：这个句子较长，翻译时要注意分清结构。前面部分内容含假设之意，可考虑译为含有 if引导的条件复合句；其中两个“看”在结构上应是并列的，可译为两个由 find out引导的宾语从句；“做出适当的估计”可译为 make all appropriate ev
29、aluation。3古来：也就是“历来，从古到今”，所以翻译为 throughout the ages。4有成就的人：accomplished people 或者 people with great accomplishment。5当他活着一天：也就是说只要他活着，“一天”可以不翻，所以译为 as long as they are living。6不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白浪费掉：两句表达的是同一个意思，因而可采用合句译法，译为 not let a single minute slip by in vain。“虚度年华”还可译为 dream ones life away或 spend time
30、 in vain。7我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此：这句采用了倒序译法，“我国劳动人民”译为 Chinese laboring people。2.在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有兴趣的，往往在接触一个人是首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷蝶的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜是，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜，吃饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一餐馆，开始举筷是有新鲜感，新盖的房三天香，这也可以叫
31、做“陌生化效应”吧。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(We should not be too romantic in interpersonal relations. Human beings are interesting in that they tend to first see good in a new acquaintance. Its just like the experience of dining in a restaurant. The appetizers or cold dishes will leave you a very good impression. Yo
32、u will be full of praise while eating the first two main courses. However, the more you have, the more sober you become until the dinner ends up with all the flaws exposed. Consequently, your joy would give way to anger; your praises to criticism or even fault-finding; and your nodding in agreement
33、to shaking the head. What accounts for all this is, in the first place, you are hungry when you start to eat. And when you are hungry, the bran tastes as sweet as honey; however, when you are full, even the honey is tasteless.)解析：篇章介绍 这是一篇关于日常生活哲理的文章，由日常司空见惯的事情引申出大的哲理。翻译这类文章时，用词应严肃、正式。难点注释1人际关系问题：不宜
34、译为 interpersonal relationships problems，此处的“问题”指的是这个方面的话题，故可省略不译。2人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点：此句前后部分隐含因果关系，因而可将前部分译为主句，后部分译为原因状语从句。“优点”可译为 good或 merit。“很有趣的”在此处指人本身有趣，因而不能译为 interested，而应译为 interesting。3开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好：此句为汉语中常见的无主句，可增译主语或译为被动句。“头盘或冷碟”在翻译时应注意英语中的对应表达。“头盘”在西餐中指第一道菜，也称为开胃品，通常译为appet
35、izers，“冷碟”则可译为 cold dishes。4吃头两个主菜转首肯为摇头：此三句也是无主句，结合后面出现的第二人称“你”，可在翻泽时采用增译法，添加主语 you，使译文上下一致。其中，第六句与第五句构成转折关系，因而在句首增译出表转折的 however。“愈愈”可译为 the morethe more的结构。而第六句后部分“吃完了这顿宴席”与前部分则存在时间先后顺序，含有“直到”之意，因而可译为 until引导的时间状语从句。“冷静”在此可译为 sober或 calm。“缺点”可译为 flaw，shortcoming 或 defect。5转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头：此句在
36、翻译时可采用平行结构将原文含义及语言特点体现出来，“转为”可选用动词词组 give way to或 rum.into。“责备挑剔”可直接译为scolding and nit-picking，若译为 criticism or even fault-finding则更佳。“首肯”即点头赞同，可译为 nodding in agreement。6饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜：此句中“饿了”和“饱了”可分别转译为 when引导的时间状语从句。“不甜”在此若译为 not sweet，则无法完全表达句中所含“无味道，不好吃”之意，故应译为tasteless或 insipid。3.在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，
37、在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，顿感被打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片喧闹。自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摈弃，为世所遗忘的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Before I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled child of my parents, acting at my will in the family. Once isolated and
38、 confined to a small house on the slope of the garden, I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depressed. One spring evening, my parents held a banquet in the garden where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom in honour of many guests, whose arrival at once filled the place with laughing c
39、hats. In the small cabin on the slope, I quietly lifted the curtain, only to be met by a great and prosperous world with my elder brothers and sisters and my cousins among the guests, each full of rejoicing. All at once, seized by a feeling of being forgotten and abandoned by the rest of the world,
40、I could not help bursting into tears.)解析：篇章介绍 这是一篇关于日常生活的回忆的散文，所叙系日常琐事，属散文体。汉语理解不应该有问题，翻译时，关键对是日常生活用语和修饰语的处理。难点注释1在得病以前，十分郁郁不得志起来：此句为典型的流水句，结构松散，可根据意群，采用拆译法将其分成“在得病以前，横行霸道”和“一旦隔离，郁郁不得志起来”两部分翻译，力求使译文结构紧凑。2我受父母宠爱：可译成 I had been a spoiled child of my parents。此处要注意把握时态，本篇为回忆性散文，因而整体时态应为过去时。3横行霸道：指的是“为所欲
41、为，想干什么就干什么”，在此以分词短语的形式译出，即 acting at my will。4隔离。拘禁：可合译为过去分词短语 isolated and confined。5被打入冷宫：表示一种被冷落的感觉，意译为 I felt I was neglected。6一个春天的傍晚，笑语四溢：可拆分成两句话来翻译，但也可译为一句，使译文更添多样性。首先可以将“父母在园中设宴”译为主句，其他内容译为分词短语和从句。7设宴：可译为 to hold a banquet或 to give a banquet。8百花怒放：是对园子的描述，因而可泽为 where引导的定语从句 where all sorts o
42、f flowers are in full bloom来修饰 garden。9霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢：指宾客的到来使得园子里人潮涌动，欢声笑语一片，可意译为 whose arrival at once filled the place with laughing chats。10我在山坡的小屋里：可转译为介词短语 inthe small cabin on the slope。11悄悄：指未引人注意，可译为 quietly或 without being noticed。12窥见：译为 meet、spy、peep 即可。13大千世界：可译为 a great and prosperous world
43、或 a kaleidoscopic world。14喜气洋洋：可译为 each full of rejoicing或 all in jubilation。15一霎时，禁不住痛哭起来：可将“禁不住痛哭起来”译为主句，即 I could not help bursting into tears。前部分译为过去分词短语。“兜上心头”是指心里产生某种情绪，可译为 seized by a feeling of。4.大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教
44、堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(All human beings, whether they are poor or rich, are equally bestowed by Nature. Therefore, everyone has become unanimously and profoundly dependent on it. This is particularly true in the countryside where people have
45、been living in the same styles for thousands of yearsplanting crops and grapes, brewing and drinking wines, raising and milking cows, weeding and planting flowers, going to churches on weekend and praying, playing music, dancing and singing in the square on holidays. Yesterdays fields and gardens remain their pleasant homesteads today. Thus, every place, with its own legends and tales, has its traditions and customs passed on from generation to generation.)解析：篇
