1、专业八级翻译-练习三及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.没有一个人将小草叫“大力士”，但是它的力量之大，的确是世界无比。这种力，是一般人看不见的生命力，只要生命存在，这种力就要显现，上面的石块，丝毫不足以阻挡，因为它是一种“长期抗战”的力，有弹性，能屈能伸的力，有韧性，不达目的不止的力。种子不落在肥土而落在瓦砾中，有生命力的种子决不会悲观和叹气，因为有了阻力才有磨炼。生命开始的一瞬间就带了斗争来的草，才是坚韧的草，也只有这种草，才可以傲然地对那些玻璃棚中养育着的盆花哄笑。（分数：10.00）_2.
2、我同书籍，即将分离。我虽非英雄，颇有垓下之感，即无可奈何。这些书，都是在全国解放以后，来到我家的。最初零零碎碎，中间成套成批。有的来自京沪，有的来自苏杭。最初，囊中羞涩，也曾交臂相失。中间也曾一掷千金，稍有豪气。总值，时历三十余年，我同它们，可称故旧。十年浩劫，我自顾不暇，无心也无力顾及它们。但它们辗转多处，经受折磨、潮湿、践踏、撞破，终于还是回来了。失去了一些，我有些惋惜，但也不愿去寻觅它们，我为我失去的东西，比起它们，更多也更重要。（分数：10.00）_3.生存在功利社会，奔波劳顿，勾心斗角，若想做到从心所欲，难矣哉!人自孩提时代起，求学、谋职、恋爱、成家、立业、功名、财富几乎无时不在追求
3、，而且总也不能满足。当然，事业上的进取与物欲上的贪婪，是两种截然不同的人生观，或可说是两种内涵迥异的苦乐观。但有一点是共同的，即人生的道路并非平坦的康庄大道，事物的发展往往不以人的意志为转移。与其陶醉在“梦想成真”的幻觉中，莫若在实践中多多磨砺自己，有道是“苍天不负有心人”嘛!即或如此，也未必事事天遂人愿。总之，有追求必有烦恼，这就是生活实际。（分数：10.00）_4.历史的道路，不全是平坦的，有时走到艰难险阻的境界。这是全靠雄健的精神才能够冲过去的。一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河，有时流到很宽阔的境界，平原无际，一泻万里。有时流到很逼狭的境叠，两岸丛山叠岭，绝壁断崖，江河流于其间，回环曲折，极其险峻
4、。民族生命的进程，其经历亦复如是。人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，查时是崎岖险路。老于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感受到一种冒险的美趣。（分数：10.00）_5.最令人触目惊心的一件事，是看着钟表上的秒针一下一下的移动，每移动一下就是表示我们的寿命已经缩短了一部分。再看看墙上挂着的可以一张张撕下的日历，每天撕下一张就是表示我们的寿命又缩短了一天。因为时间即生命。没有人不爱惜他的生命，但很少人珍视他的时间。如果想在有生之年做一点什么事，学一点什么学问，充实自己，帮助别人，使生命
5、成为有意义，不虚此生，那么就不可浪费光阴。这道理人人都懂，可是很少人真能积极不懈的善为利用他的时间。（分数：10.00）_二、SECTION B ENGLISH TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)6.Malle has said that this is the most personal and important film of his career, and I believe that he thinks that. I also believe that hes wrong. If Goodbye is very personal to him, this may be becau
6、se as an adult he has felt stricken by the recognition that he wasnt stricken then, and it may involve his feelings of guilt over his own familys safety and prosperityeverything that the film barely touches on.Malle has said of Goodbye, “I reinvented the past in the pursuit of a haunting and timeles
7、s truth.“ Maybe thats why ! felt as if I were watching a faded French classic, something I dimly recalled. In pursuit of haunting and timeless truth, Malle has gone back to the anti-Nazi movies of the forties, and polished and formalized the actions until hes turned melodrama into polite reverie.（分数
8、：10.00）_7.Much of the problem is that we live in a passive age. To listen to a record album, to sit through a movie, to watch a television showall require nothing of the cultural consumer, save his mere presence. To read a book, though, takes an act of will on the part of the consumer. He must genui
9、nely want to find out what is inside. He cannot just sit there; he must do something, even though the something is as simple an action as opening the book, closing the door and beginning to read.In generations before my own, this was taken for granted as an important part of life. But now, in the da
10、y of the “information retrieval system“, such a reverence is not being placed on the reading, and then saving, of books. If a young American reads at all, he is far more likely to purchase a paperback that may be flipped through and then thrown away. In a disposable age, the book for keeping and rer
11、eading is an anachronism, a ponderous dinosaur in a high-speed society.（分数：10.00）_8.Let me come to the point boldly; what governs the Englishman is his inner atmosphere, the weather in his soul. It is nothing particularly spiritual or mysterious. When he has taken his exercise aria is drinking his t
12、ea or his beer and lighting his pipe; when, in his garden or by his fire, he sprawls in an aggressively comfortable chair; when well-washed and well-brushed, he resolutely turns in church to the east and recites the Creed without in the least implying that he believes one word of it; when he hears o
13、r sings the most crudely sentimental and thinnest of popular songs, unmoved but not disgusted; when he makes up his mind who is his best friend or his favourite poet; when he adopts a party or a sweetheart; when he is hunting or shooting or boating, or striding through the fields; when he is choosin
14、g his clothes or his professionnever is it a precise reason, or purpose, or outer fact that determines him; it is always the atmosphere of his inner man.（分数：10.00）_9.It has now been five years since Margaret Thatcher resigned as Britains Prime Minister. In her heyday she strode the international hea
15、dlines with such bravura that she seemed inevitable, a natural force. The world stage seemed just the right size for her, as she chaffed her conservative soul mate Ronald Reagan or flattered the “new man“, Mikhail Gorbachev.Now the political world has begun to focus on the immensity of her achieveme
16、nt. How on earth did she manage to get there? She was elected to Parliament at 32 in 1958. She parried her way through the complacent, male-dominated councils of powerno woman had ever roiled those waters. Couldnt the old boys see her coming? After all, there was nothing subtle about her personality
17、 or her approach.As The Path to Power, the second volume of her autobiography, makes clear, Thatcher was probably too simple and direct for the Tories, with their heavy baggage of class and compromise. She traveled light, proud of her roots as a grocers daughter from the small town of Grantham but n
18、ever tethered by working-class resentments or delusions of inferiority. Her parents taught her the verities they believed in: Methodism. hard work, thrift and the importance of the individual. She has never wavered from them, and they run through the book.“Nothing in our house was wasted.“ Or, “I ha
19、d less leisure time than other children.“ These are boasts of a childhood recalled in tranquility. Later they became a philosophy: “Being conservative is never merely a matter of income, but a whole way of life, a will to take responsibility for oneself./（分数：10.00）_10.History with its flickering lam
20、p stumbles along the trail of the past, trying to reconstruct its scenes, to revive its echoes, and kindle with pale gleams the passion of former days.As the great scroll of history unrolls, many complicated incidents occur which it is difficult to introduce effectively into the pattern of the likes
21、 and dislikes of the epoch in which we live.The human story does not always unfold like a mathematical calculation on the principle that two and two make four. Sometimes in life they make five or minus three; and sometimes the blackboard topples down in the middle of the sum and leaves the class in
22、disorder and the pedagogue with a black eye.Science, which now offers us a golden age with one hand, offers at the same time with the other the doom of all that we have built up inch by inch since the Stone Age and the dawn of any human annals. My faith is in the high progressive destiny of man. I d
23、o not believe that we are to be flung back into abysmal darkness of fiercesome discoveries which human genius has madelet us make sure that they are our servants, but not our masters.Its place is in the healing of the sick, and in giving more food and leisure for life. When it helps the strong crush
24、 the weak, and rob those who are asleep, it is using truth for impious ends. Those who are thus sacrilegious will suffer and be punished, for their own weapons will be turned against them.（分数：10.00）_专业八级翻译-练习三答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.没有一个人将小草叫“大力士”，但是它的力量之大，的
25、确是世界无比。这种力，是一般人看不见的生命力，只要生命存在，这种力就要显现，上面的石块，丝毫不足以阻挡，因为它是一种“长期抗战”的力，有弹性，能屈能伸的力，有韧性，不达目的不止的力。种子不落在肥土而落在瓦砾中，有生命力的种子决不会悲观和叹气，因为有了阻力才有磨炼。生命开始的一瞬间就带了斗争来的草，才是坚韧的草，也只有这种草，才可以傲然地对那些玻璃棚中养育着的盆花哄笑。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Though the little grass has never been said to be herculean, the power it shows is matchless in th
26、e world. It is an invisible force of life. So long as there is life, the force will show itself. The rock above it is not heavy enough to prevent the seed from growing, because it is a force that keeps growing over a period of time, because it is an elastic force that can shrink and expand, and beca
27、use it is a tenacious force that will not stop growing until it is grown.The seed does not choose to fall on fertile land but in debris, instead. The seed with life is never pessimistic or sad, for it has undergone resistance and pressure. The grass that begins to fight its way out right after its b
28、irth is strong and tenacious, and only that grass has the right to guffaw with pride at the potted plants in glassed green houses.)解析：难点注释1大力士：在英语中有对应的表达：herculean，“世界无比”即“举世无双，无可比拟”，可译为matchless或 unparalleled。后半句若照字面直译为 its power is so great that it is matchless in the world，其中的 it所指不明确，容易产生歧义，因为此处
29、“世界无比”指的是小草的力量，因而部分意译为 the power it shows is matchless in the world即可。2这种力，不达目的不止的力：此句很长，可采用断句译法进行处理。根据意群，该句可断为三个部分进行翻译：这种力，是一般人看不见的生命力/只要生命存在，这种力就要显现/上面的石块，丝毫不足以阻挡，因为它是一种“长期抗战”的力，有弹性，能屈能伸的力，有韧性，不达目的不止的力。3只要生命存在，这种力就要显现：可译为 as long as或 so long as引导的条件句。“存在”译为there be即可。“显现”在此指展示自己，故可采用增词译法，译为 show i
30、tself。“只要”含有条件之意，故不能译为引导时间状语从句的 as soon as。4上面的石块，丝毫不足以阻挡，因为：“因为”后的内容是三个并列排比，因而可译为三个并列的原因状语从句。“丝毫不足以阻挡”指不足以阻挡种子生长发芽，故可灵活译为 not heavy enough to prevent the seed from growing。“阻止”还可译为 keep.from。5长期抗战：此处指小草能够在石块的压迫下不断生长，可灵活译为 keeps growing over a period of time。“能屈能伸”可译为 can shrink and expand，“不达目的不止”指
31、小草完全长成，因而可译为will not stop growing until it is grown。6决不会悲观和叹气，因为有了阻力才有磨炼：此处指种子因为经历了阻力的磨炼，所以不会悲观和叹气。该部分可译为 The seed with life is never pessimistic or sad，for it has undergone resistance and pressure。“经历”除了译为 undergo，还可译为 come through或 go through。7生命开始的一瞬间就带了斗争来的草，才是坚韧的草，也只有这种草，才可以傲然地对那些玻璃棚中养育着的盆花哄笑：此
32、句根据意群可分译为两个并列句。在前部分“生命开始的一瞬间就带了斗争来的草，才是坚韧的草”中，可把“才是坚韧的草”译为主句，“生命开始的一瞬间就带了斗争来的”译为定语从句。8坚韧的：可译为 tenacious，但若译为 strong and tenacious则更能体现该词在句中的涵义。9生命开始的一瞬间：可简洁地译为 right after its birth或 since its birth，也可直译为 from the moment it was born。10带了斗争来：不可译为 bring fight with it，其在句中指“进行斗争”，但并未指明与谁作斗争，故应灵活译为。figh
33、t its way out。11才可以：译为 have the right或 can即可。12傲然地对那些玻璃棚中养育着的盆花哄笑：需调整语序，译为 guffaw with pride at the pored plants in glassed green houses。2.我同书籍，即将分离。我虽非英雄，颇有垓下之感，即无可奈何。这些书，都是在全国解放以后，来到我家的。最初零零碎碎，中间成套成批。有的来自京沪，有的来自苏杭。最初，囊中羞涩，也曾交臂相失。中间也曾一掷千金，稍有豪气。总值，时历三十余年，我同它们，可称故旧。十年浩劫，我自顾不暇，无心也无力顾及它们。但它们辗转多处，经受折磨、潮
34、湿、践踏、撞破，终于还是回来了。失去了一些，我有些惋惜，但也不愿去寻觅它们，我为我失去的东西，比起它们，更多也更重要。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(The books had arrived at my home since 1949, the year the country was liberated (from KMT rule). At first they came piecemeal and, later, in set or in bulk, some from Beijing and Shanghai, some from Suzhou and Hangzhou. Duri
35、ng the first few years, as I was financially embarrassed, I was pitifully unable to claim possession of some books. However, there were occasions on which I threw my money on books with quite a sense of lavish generosity. In short, having kept each other company for over 30 years, I felt lifelong in
36、timacy with them all.During the ten years of the disastrous Cultural Revolution, I was not in the mood to, nor was I fit enough to bother about my books, as l was not even sure where I myself would end up. But, having been taken from place to place, getting moistened and damaged, tortured and trampl
37、ed underfoot, they eventually had come back to me. Some of them had got lost, for which I was really sorry, but I thought I would not go and retrieve them, for I had lost more in those years and what I had lost other than the books was far more important.)解析：难点注释1全国解放以后：此处涉及历史知识，指 1949年中国解放，故应采用增译法，
38、进行补充说明。该部分可译为 since 1949，the year the country was liberated (from KMT rule)，或转译为 after the establishment of the PRC。2最初零零碎碎：可采用增译法，添加动词 come，译为 at first they came piecemeal。3成套成批：可译为 in set or in bulk。4中间：在句中与“最初”相对，因而不能译为 in the middle，而应译为 later。5囊中羞涩：可译为 I had financial problem，但若译为 I was financi
39、ally embarrassed则更显功底。“也曾交臂相失”则意译为 I was pitifully unable to claim possession of some books.6中间也曾一掷百金，稍有豪气：指期间我也会在买书上花费重金，该句与上句暗含转折之意，故可添加副词 however，使句间结构更紧密流畅：However, there were occasions on which I threw my money on books with quite a sense of lavish generosity.7时历三十余年，我同它们，可称故旧：指我与书相伴已经有三十多年，它们就
40、如我的故交一样。该句前部分可译为时间状语 having kept each other company for over 30 years，后部分中“可称故旧”可译为 I felt lifelong intimacy with them all。8十年浩劫：指“文化大革命”那十年，可译为时间状语 during the ten years of the disastrous Cultural Revolution。9我自顾不暇：指我自身难保，不知道自己何去何从，可译为 as或 since引导的原因状语从句 as I was not sure where I myself would end up
41、，若句中添加程度副词 even，则更添文采。10无心也无力顾及它们：指没有心情也没有精力去考虑这些书，可译为 not.nor的结构，注意后半句为倒装句式，即 I was not in the mood to, nor was I fit enough to bother about my books。11我失去的东西，比起它们，更多也更重要：在翻译时要表达出其中蕴含的两个意思：多和重要。因而此处可译为 I had lost more in those years and what I had lost other than the books was far more important.3.
42、生存在功利社会，奔波劳顿，勾心斗角，若想做到从心所欲，难矣哉!人自孩提时代起，求学、谋职、恋爱、成家、立业、功名、财富几乎无时不在追求，而且总也不能满足。当然，事业上的进取与物欲上的贪婪，是两种截然不同的人生观，或可说是两种内涵迥异的苦乐观。但有一点是共同的，即人生的道路并非平坦的康庄大道，事物的发展往往不以人的意志为转移。与其陶醉在“梦想成真”的幻觉中，莫若在实践中多多磨砺自己，有道是“苍天不负有心人”嘛!即或如此，也未必事事天遂人愿。总之，有追求必有烦恼，这就是生活实际。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(In a business society, where people run abo
43、ut in pursuit of personal gains at the expense of others, it is really difficult to do as you please. Ever since childhood we have always been pursuing; going to school, looking for a job, falling in love, getting married, striving for success in career and accumulating wealth, but never have we see
44、med to be contented with ourselves. However, striving for success in career and seeking material profits are two different outlooks or, if you will, two intrinsically different views on what is hardship and what is happiness. But there is one thing that applies in either case, i.e. life is no plain
45、sailing, and things go and grow independent of mans will. One should, instead of indulging in delusions of daydreaming, temper himself in life, as the saying goes, “Heaven does not let down the one that has a will.“ Even so, one cannot expect to succeed in everything he undertakes. In short, anyone in pursuit of something is sure to be troubled by something else, and that is the way things are in life.)解析：难点注释1生存在功利社会，奔波劳顿，勾心斗角，若想做到从心所欲，难矣哉：此句所表达的重点是“在功利社会，很难做到从心所欲”。“奔波劳顿，勾心斗角”可理解成是这种社会的特征，以定语从句的形式译出：in a business society，where people run about in pursuit of personal gains at the
