1、专业八级翻译-练习七及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.然而我虽然自有无端的悲哀，却也并不愤懑。因为这经验使我反省，看见自己了：就是我决不是一个振臂一呼应者云集的英雄。 只是我自己的寂寞是不可不驱除的，因为这于我太痛苦。我于是用了种种法，来麻醉自己的灵魂，使我沉入于国民中，使我回到古代去，后来也亲历或旁观过几样更寂寞更悲哀的事，都为我所不愿追怀，甘心使他们和我的脑一同消灭在泥土里的，但我的麻醉法却也似乎已经奏了功，再没有青年时候的慷慨激昂的意思了。（分数：10.00）_2.燕子去了，有再来的时候；
2、杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁?又藏在何处呢?是他们自己逃走了罢：现在又到了哪里呢?我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去：像针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音，也没有影子。我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。（分数：10.00）_3.真正的朋友，恐怕要算“总角之交”或“竹马之交”了。在小学和中学的时代容易结成真实的友谊。那时彼此尚不感到生活的压迫，入世未深，打算计较的念头也少，朋友的结成全由于志趣相近或性情适合，差不多可以说是“无所
3、为”的，性质比较纯粹。二十岁以后结成的友谊，大概已不免掺有各种各样的颜色分子在内：人到了成年以后，彼此都有生活的重担须负，入世既深，顾忌的方面也自然加多起来，在交际上不许你不计较，不许你不打算，结果彼此都“勾心斗角”。（分数：10.00）_4.当你步入婚姻的殿堂，你可能认为已经爬到了山顶，剩下的只是悠闲地沿着平缓的山坡下山。然而，这只是恋爱的结束，婚姻的开始。坠入爱河与赢得爱情都是难事，但维持爱情也很重要，夫妻都应相敬如宾，互相关爱。当真爱起始于圣坛之时，夫妻之间便开始了一场智慧与慷慨的竞争，一场为了一个不可能实现的理想而持续一生的奋斗。不可能实现?啊，当然不可能，因为他们不是一个人，而是两个
4、呀。（分数：10.00）_5.窗子许里面人看出去，同时也许外面人看进来，所以在热闹地方住的人要用窗帘子，替他们私生活做个保障。晚上访人，只要看窗里有无灯光，就约略可以猜到主人在不在家，不必打开了门再问，好比不等人开口，从眼睛里看出他的心思。关窗的作用等于闭眼。天地间有许多景象是要闭了眼才看得见的，比如梦。假使窗外的人声物态太嘈杂了，关了窗好让灵魂自由地去探胜，安静地默想。（分数：10.00）_二、SECTION B ENGLISH TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)6.The economic system of the United States is principally privat
5、ely owned. This system is often referred to as the “free enterprise system“. It should be noted that although the United States operates a system of private enterprise, government has to some extent always been involved in regulating and guiding the American Economy. Yet, despite this history of gov
6、ernment intervention, individuals in the United States have always been able to choose for whom they will work and what they will buy. Most importantly, they vote for officials who will set economic policy.Traditionally, the system has been referred to as a “market economy“. Now decisions are made b
7、y three groups and it is their dynamic interaction that makes the economy function. Consumers, producers, and government make economic decisions on a daily basis, the primary force being between producers and consumers; hence the market economy designation.（分数：10.00）_7.Until recently daydreaming was
8、 generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic tendencies, and habitual daydreaming was regarded as evidence of maladjustment or an escape from lifes realities and responsibilities. It was believed that habitual daydreaming would eventually distance people from society and red
9、uce their effectiveness in coping with real problems. At its best, daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life.As with anything carded to excess, daydreaming can be harmful. There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives for the rewards of real activit
10、y. But such extremes are relatively rare, and there is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it. We are now beginning to learn how valuable it really is and that when individuals are completely prevented from daydre
11、aming, their emotional balance can be disturbed. Not only are they less able to deal with the pressures of day-to-day existence, but also their self-control and self-direction become endangered.Recent research indicates that daydreaming is part of daily life and that a certain amount each day is ess
12、ential for maintaining equilibrium. Daydreaming, science has discovered, is an effective relaxation technique. But its beneficial effects go beyond this. Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth, powers of concentration, and the ability to interact and commu
13、nicate with others.（分数：10.00）_8.Now the trumpet summons us againnot as a call to bear arms, though arms we neednot as a call to battle, though embattled we arebut a call to bear the burden of a long twilight straggle, year in and year out, “rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation,“ a struggle agai
14、nst the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?In the long history of the world, only
15、a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibilityI welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bri
16、ng to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it. And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.（分数：10.00）_9.But we are too often indifferent to the loss of an hour or of a day, forgetting that our life is the sum total of the days and of the hours we live. A day or an hour wa
17、sted is therefore so much life forfeited. Our life is a brief span measuring some seventy or eighty years in all.But nearly one third of this has to be spent in sleep; some years have to be spent over our meals; some in making journeys on land and voyages by sea; some in merry-making; some in watchi
18、ng over the sick-beds of our nearest and dearest relatives.Now if all these years were to be deducted from the term over which our life extends, we shall find about twenty or thirty years at our disposal for active work. Whoever remembers this can never willingly waste a single moment of his life.Al
19、l time is precious; but the time of our childhood and of our youth is more precious than any other portion of our existence. For those are the periods when alone we can acquire knowledge and develop our capacities.If we allow these morning hours of life to slip away, we shall never be able to recoup
20、 the loss. Just as money laid out at interest doubles and trebles itself in time, so the precious hours of childhood and youth, if properly used, will yield us incalculable advantages.（分数：10.00）_10.During the 30 years since, America and China have exchanged many handshakes of friendship and commerce
21、. And as we have had more contact with each other, the citizens of both countries have gradually learned more about each other.It was my honor to visit China in 1975. Some of you were not even born then. It shows how old I am.And a lot has changed in your country since then. China has made amazing p
22、rogress in openness and enterprise and economic freedom. And this progress previews Chinas great potential. China has joined the World Trade Organization, and as you live up to its obligations, they inevitably will bring changes to Chinese legal system. A modem China will have a consistent rule of l
23、aw to govern commerce and secure the rights of its people.The new China you generation is building will need the profound wisdom of your traditions. The lure of materialism challenges society in our countryand in many successful countries.All these changes will lead to a stronger, more confident Chi
24、na, a China that can astonish and enrich the world, a China that you generation will help create.This is one of the most exciting times in the history of your country, a time when even the grandest hopes seem in your reach. My nation offers you our respect and our friendship.（分数：10.00）_专业八级翻译-练习七答案解
25、析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION A CHINESE TO(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.然而我虽然自有无端的悲哀，却也并不愤懑。因为这经验使我反省，看见自己了：就是我决不是一个振臂一呼应者云集的英雄。 只是我自己的寂寞是不可不驱除的，因为这于我太痛苦。我于是用了种种法，来麻醉自己的灵魂，使我沉入于国民中，使我回到古代去，后来也亲历或旁观过几样更寂寞更悲哀的事，都为我所不愿追怀，甘心使他们和我的脑一同消灭在泥土里的，但我的麻醉法却也似乎已经奏了功，再没有青年时候的慷慨激昂的意思了。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(For this experience ha
26、d made me reflect and see that I was definitely not the type of hero who could rally multitudes at his call.However, my loneliness had to be dispelled because it was causing me agony. So I used various means to dull my senses, to make myself immersed among my fellow nationals and turn to the past. L
27、ater I experienced or witnessed even greater loneliness and sadness which I am unwilling to recall, preferring that it should perish with my mind in the dust. But my attempt to deaden my senses seemed not unsuccessfulI lost the enthusiasm and fervor of my youth.)解析：难点注释1反省：reflect。2振臂一呼应者云集的英雄：这个短语中
28、定语部分很长，所以翻译为定语从句；其中“振臂一呼应者云集”根据字面意思翻译为 rally multitudes at his call，即“喊一声就能召集很多人”，此句译为 the type of hero who could rally multitudes at his call。3驱除：此处的“驱除”是“驱除寂寞”中的“驱除”，所以译为 dispel更好。4麻醉自己的灵魂：dull my senses/spirits。5使我沉入于国民中，使我回到古代去：这个句子的两个分句都是典型的“兼语句”，可按 NSVOC(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)结构进行翻译。6追怀：recall。7都为我所不
29、愿追怀，甘心使他们和我的脑一同消灭在泥土里的：此句在翻译时，逗号后为次要信息部分，所以处理成分词短语作状语。which I am unwilling to recall，preferring that it should perish with my mind in the dust。8麻醉法：attempt to deaden my senses。9慷慨激昂：enthusiasm and fervor。2.燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁?又藏在何处呢?是他们自己逃走了罢：现
30、在又到了哪里呢?我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去：像针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音，也没有影子。我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Now you the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return? If someone had stolen them, who could it be? Where could he hide them? If they had made the escape themse
31、lves, then where could they stay at the moment?I dont know how many days I have been given to spend, but I do feel my hands are getting empty. Taking stock silently, I find that more than eight thousand days have already slid away from me. Like a drop of water from the point of a needle disappearing
32、 into the ocean, my days are dripping into the steam of time, soundless, traceless. Already sweat is starting on my forehead, and tears welling up in my eyes.)解析：难点注释1聪明的：此处虽看似形容词，但实际上是当名词用的，故译为 you the wise。2一去不复返：leave us, never to return。此句虽然简单，但是考虑到了汉语原文的风格。原文属于优美的散文，所以译文也应该符合这个风格，简单地译成并列句 leave
33、 us and never return就没有译成主句加不定式作状语效果好。3但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了：此句翻译时对主语可进行灵活处理，句子本来的主语是“我的手”，但是根据上下文此处肯定是说作者感觉到自己的手如何了，所以可用 I作主语。此句翻译为 but I do feel my hands are getting empty。4在默默里算着：此处要注意由于此句的重点在逗号之后，所以逗号之前的部分可以翻译成分词短语作状语。此句翻译为 taking stock silently。5溜去：slide away。6时间的流里：stream of time。7我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了：此处的“涔涔”和“
34、潸潸”都指“流出，出现”的意思，但是要注意不能翻译成同一个单词。此句译为 Already sweat is starting on my forehead, and tears welling up in my eyes。3.真正的朋友，恐怕要算“总角之交”或“竹马之交”了。在小学和中学的时代容易结成真实的友谊。那时彼此尚不感到生活的压迫，入世未深，打算计较的念头也少，朋友的结成全由于志趣相近或性情适合，差不多可以说是“无所为”的，性质比较纯粹。二十岁以后结成的友谊，大概已不免掺有各种各样的颜色分子在内：人到了成年以后，彼此都有生活的重担须负，入世既深，顾忌的方面也自然加多起来，在交际上不许你
35、不计较，不许你不打算，结果彼此都“勾心斗角”。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Real friendship is easily formed in primary or middle school days when, being socially inexperienced and free from the burden of life, you give little thought to personal gains or losses, and make friends entirely as a result of similar tastes and interests or
36、 congenial disposition. It is sort of “friendship for friendships sake“ and is relatively pure in nature. Friendship among people in their 20s, however, is more or less coloured by personal motives. People at middle age, with the heavy burden of life and much experience in the ways of the world, hav
37、e more scruples about this and that, and cannot choose but become more calculating in social dealings till they start scheming against each other.)解析：难点注释1在小学和中学的时代容易结成真实的友谊，那时：句子中出现了“在的时代，那时”的表达，可以用定语从句来译出。2彼此尚不感到生活的压迫，入世未深，打算计较的念头也少，朋友的结成全由于志趣相近或性情适合：此处“人世不深”也就是“缺乏社会经验”，故译为 socially inexperienced；
38、“不感到生活的压迫”可理解为“没有生活负担”，故译为 free from the burden of life；“打算计较的念头少”可意译为little thought to personal gains or losses。3差不多可以说是“无所为”的：可译为 It is sort of “friendship for friendships sake”，其中 sort of(有几分)用来表达“差不多可以说”。“无所为”意即“无其他目的”或“无条件的”，故译为 friendship for friendships sake(为友谊而友谊的)。4二十岁以后结成的友谊，大概已不免掺有各种各样的颜
39、色分子在内：此处的主干是“友谊搀有颜色”，译为 Friendship is coloured，然后还补译出其他修饰成分，“二十岁以后的”可意译为 among people in their 20s，“大概不免”可用 more or less来表达，另外此处还要根据上下文增译出 by personal motives。5生活的重担须负，入世既深：此处是修饰“成年后的人”，可用 with的复合结构表达，即 with the heavy burden of life and much experience in the ways of the world。6顾忌的方面也自然加多起来：可译为 have
40、 more scruples about this and that。7在交际上不许你不计较，不许你不打算：此处的“不许”有“别无选择”的含义，故译为 cannot choose but do，“计较”和“打算”表达意义重叠，只要用 calculating表达即可。8结果彼此都“勾心斗角”：译为 till they start scheming against each other。其中 till是一种特殊用法。它在这里指“结果”，意即 so that、finally 或 and at last，不作“直到为止”解。4.当你步入婚姻的殿堂，你可能认为已经爬到了山顶，剩下的只是悠闲地沿着平缓的山
41、坡下山。然而，这只是恋爱的结束，婚姻的开始。坠入爱河与赢得爱情都是难事，但维持爱情也很重要，夫妻都应相敬如宾，互相关爱。当真爱起始于圣坛之时，夫妻之间便开始了一场智慧与慷慨的竞争，一场为了一个不可能实现的理想而持续一生的奋斗。不可能实现?啊，当然不可能，因为他们不是一个人，而是两个呀。（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(When you were married, you would think youve got upon a hilltop, and might begin to go downward by an easy slope. But you have only ended co
42、urting to begin marriage. Falling in love and winning love are often difficult tasks but to keep in love is also a business of some importance, to which both man and wife must treat each other with respect and love. When the true love story commences at the altar, there lies before the married pair
43、a most beautiful contest of wisdom and generosity, and a life-long struggle towards an unattainable ideal. Unattainable? Ay, surely unattainable, from the very fact that they are two instead of one.)解析：难点注释1当你步入婚姻的殿堂，你可能认为已经爬到了山顶，剩下的只是悠闲地沿着平缓的山坡下山：“步入婚姻的殿堂”就是“结婚”，译为 marry即可；“到达山顶”译为 get upon a hillt
44、op，“剩下的只是”不必逐字翻译，只要顺译 might begin to即可。“下山”译为 go downward，“沿着平缓的山坡”译为by an easy slope。2然而。这只是恋爱的结束，婚姻的开始：译为 But you have only ended courting to begin marriage.此处增译出了主语 you，将原文的“形容词+名词”短语翻译成了动宾结构，即将“恋爱的结束”翻译成 end courting，将“婚姻的开始”翻译成 begin marriage。3坠入爱河与赢得爱情都是难事：此处“坠入爱河与赢得爱情”作主语，故要译为动名词短语，即falling i
45、n love and winning love。4相敬如宾，互相关爱：译为 treat each other with respect and love。5当真爱起始于圣坛之时，夫妻之间便开始了一场智慧与慷慨的竞争，一场为了一个不可能实现的理想而持续一生的奋斗：此句很长，但结构比较简单，句子主干是“夫妻之间开始了竞争与奋斗”，鉴于修饰成分较多，最好用倒装句式翻译主干，即 there lies before the married pair a contest and a struggle，然后将修饰 contest和 struggle的成分补充完整，即将“一场智慧与慷慨的竞争”译为 a most beautiful contest of wisdom and generosity，将“一个为了一个不可能实现的理想而持续一生的奋斗”翻译为 a life-long struggle towards an unattainable ideal。6不可能实现：译为 unattainable。5.窗子许里面人看出去，同时也许外面人看进来，所以在热闹地方住的人要用窗
