1、专业八级分类模拟 395 及答案解析(总分：75.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：3，分数：75.00)A project likely to evolve in the near or intermediate future is space tourism. Today space tourism has become a pure commercial 1 activity that would not have to rely unpredictable government 2 decisions. It would therefore put
2、space operations on a much more solid, dependable footing and would enormously expand man“s space activity. If some people see space tourism as a potential multibillion- 3 dollar business, difficult technical problems remain to be sobered. First, in order to fulfill the dream of space tourism, a man
3、ned reusable rocket like the Venture Star must be built. Then, the second serious problem must be addressed: Even 4 today“s most-advanced space rockets are able to lift only about 2.5% of their launch weight into orbita ratio that has hardly changed in the last 40 years. But it is simply impossible
4、to find 5 other alternations other than a rocket. This unsatisfying fact is a 6 result of the limits of material characteristics and chemical power sources, and there is no indication which any fundamental 7 breakthrough can be expected in these areas in the foreseeable future. Then these who have l
5、ong-cherished dreams of space tourism 8 have to wait forever. Operational costs may be somewhat reduced by the use of air- breathing engines to help a reusable rocket penetrate into earth“s atmosphere. Today the highest cost attainable to lift a payload to 9 orbit is more than $4,000 per pound; the
6、price of a ticket to space would have to be at least $50,000. It is questionable whether a sufficient number of customers could be tempted to pay so a high 10 price for a short trip around the world.（分数：25.00）In the house where I grew up, it was our custom to leave the “on the latch“ at night. No on
7、e carried keys. Today doors do not stay unlocked, thus for part of an evening. 11 The era of leaving the front door open has gone forever. It has been replaced of by locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and 12 trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban
8、families even have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly building in so no one can pry the doors open. 13 A recent public-service advertisement by an insurance company featured not actuarial charts or a picture of a child“s bicycle with 14 padlock attached to it. It is the i
9、nsurance companies which pay for stolen goods, but 15 who is going to pay for that the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is 16 doing to our way of life? Who is going to make the psychological 17 payment for the transformation of America from the Land of Free to the Land of the Lock? For some reaso
10、n we are satisfied when we think we are well- protected; it does not occur us to ask ourselves: Why are we having 18 to barricade ourselves for our neighbors and fellow citizens, and 19 when, exactly, did this start to take over our lives? Even a decade ago, most private businesses had a policy of f
11、ree access. Thus, today you have to carry some kind of access card 20 to your company. Maybe the security guard at the front desk knows your face and will wave you in most days, but the fact remains that the business your work for feels threatened enough to keep outsiders away via these “keys“.（分数：2
12、5.00）Most economies in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the free market. Consequently, nothing seems good or normal which does not accord with the requirements of the free 21 market. A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matter, establishing by anyone other than the
13、aggregate of consumers 22 seemly harmful. Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think 23 of price-fixing (the determination of prices by the seller) as both normal or having a valuable economic function. In fact, price-fixing 24 is normal at all industrialized societies if the industrial s
14、ystem itself 25 provides, as an effortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that they requires. Modem industrial planning requires 26 and rewards great size. Hence, a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers. Each large firm will
15、 act with full consideration of the needs that it has in the common with other large firms competing for the same 27 customers. Each large firm will nevertheless avoid significant price- 28 cutting, because price-cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable demand for products. Mo
16、st economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be brought about by number of explicit agreements among large firms; it is not. 29 Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method of establi
17、shing prices has not considered the economies of non-socialist 30 countries other than the United States. These economies employ intentional price-fixing, usually in an overt fashion.（分数：25.00）专业八级分类模拟 395 答案解析(总分：75.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：3，分数：75.00)A project likely to evolve in the nea
18、r or intermediate future is space tourism. Today space tourism has become a pure commercial 1 activity that would not have to rely unpredictable government 2 decisions. It would therefore put space operations on a much more solid, dependable footing and would enormously expand man“s space activity.
19、If some people see space tourism as a potential multibillion- 3 dollar business, difficult technical problems remain to be sobered. First, in order to fulfill the dream of space tourism, a manned reusable rocket like the Venture Star must be built. Then, the second serious problem must be addressed:
20、 Even 4 today“s most-advanced space rockets are able to lift only about 2.5% of their launch weight into orbita ratio that has hardly changed in the last 40 years. But it is simply impossible to find 5 other alternations other than a rocket. This unsatisfying fact is a 6 result of the limits of mate
21、rial characteristics and chemical power sources, and there is no indication which any fundamental 7 breakthrough can be expected in these areas in the foreseeable future. Then these who have long-cherished dreams of space tourism 8 have to wait forever. Operational costs may be somewhat reduced by t
22、he use of air- breathing engines to help a reusable rocket penetrate into earth“s atmosphere. Today the highest cost attainable to lift a payload to 9 orbit is more than $4,000 per pound; the price of a ticket to space would have to be at least $50,000. It is questionable whether a sufficient number
23、 of customers could be tempted to pay so a high 10 price for a short trip around the world.（分数：25.00）解析：purepurely解析 词性混用。这里 pure 修饰形容词 commercial，因此应该使用其副词形式purely，表示“纯粹的商业活动”。解析：relyon/upon解析 介词缺失。rely 是不及物动词，表示“依赖，依靠”应使用短语 rely on/upon。解析：IfWhile/Although解析 连词误用。此处前半句指出“一些人把太空旅行看作一个非常具有赢利潜力的商业”，后
24、半句指出“技术难题仍有待解决”，可见二者不是条件关系，而是转折关系，因此使用 While 或 Although 比较合适。解析：thea解析 冠词误用。此处 then 表示“然后”，而 second 并不是表示第二个，而是表示“另一个”问题，因此不需要定冠词 the 来修饰。如果用 the 的话，then 和 the second 就语义重复了。解析：ButAnd解析 连词误用。上文指出“即使是今天最先进的火箭，进入轨道的最大承重力也只是它自身重力的 2.5%，这一点 40 年来一直没有突破”，本句指出“人们除了火箭之外又找不到可以替代的东西”，可见二者是并列关系，而不是转折关系。解析：alt
25、ernationsalternatives解析 形近词误用。alternation 表示“交替，轮流，间隔”，alternative 表示“可供选择的事物”，此处说“找不到可以替代火箭的东西”，因此用 alternatives。解析：whichthat解析 从句引导词误用。indication 后面的从句是同位语从句，不是定语从句，因此只能用 that 引导。解析：第二个 thesethose解析 定语从句先行词误用。此处的代词后面有定语从句修饰，因此只能使用 those，these 不能作先行词。解析：highestlowest解析 语义错误。从本段的 at least，high price
26、 等可推知，此处是说太空旅行价格昂贵，故应把 highest 改为 lowest，表示“最低花费”。解析：sosuch解析 副词误用。so 修饰形容词，如 so high a price；such 修饰名词，因此 such a high price 符合语法习惯。In the house where I grew up, it was our custom to leave the “on the latch“ at night. No one carried keys. Today doors do not stay unlocked, thus for part of an evening
27、. 11 The era of leaving the front door open has gone forever. It has been replaced of by locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and 12 trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban families even have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elega
28、ntly building in so no one can pry the doors open. 13 A recent public-service advertisement by an insurance company featured not actuarial charts or a picture of a child“s bicycle with 14 padlock attached to it. It is the insurance companies which pay for stolen goods, but 15 who is going to pay for
29、 that the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is 16 doing to our way of life? Who is going to make the psychological 17 payment for the transformation of America from the Land of Free to the Land of the Lock? For some reason we are satisfied when we think we are well- protected; it does not occur us
30、 to ask ourselves: Why are we having 18 to barricade ourselves for our neighbors and fellow citizens, and 19 when, exactly, did this start to take over our lives? Even a decade ago, most private businesses had a policy of free access. Thus, today you have to carry some kind of access card 20 to your
31、 company. Maybe the security guard at the front desk knows your face and will wave you in most days, but the fact remains that the business your work for feels threatened enough to keep outsiders away via these “keys“.（分数：25.00）解析：thuseven解析 衔接副词误用。本句要表达的意思是“今天所有的门都是上锁的，甚至是傍晚的一段时间也要锁上。”可见二者是让步关系，不是因
32、果关系。解析：of of 解析 介词冗余。be replaced by 是固定搭配，意为“被代替”，of 多余，应去掉。解析：buildingbuilt解析 非谓语动词误用。build 修饰的是 steel bars，二者是逻辑动宾关系，因此应该使用过去分词表示被动。解析：orbut解析 连词误用。这句话说“某保险公司的广告不再是一些保险精算的报表，而是一幅挂着大锁的儿童自行车的图片。”这里使用的是 not.but 结构，表示“不是而是”。因此不能使用 or。解析：whichthat解析 强调句连词误用。本句是 it is.that 强调句型，强调的是主语 the insurance comp
33、anies，因此引导词是 that，不能使用 which。解析：thatwhat解析 连词误用。pay for 后面是宾语从句，从句 the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is doing to our way of life 中没有宾语，因此需要引导词来充当，此时只有 what 具有这个功能，不能使用 that。解析：psychologicalpsychic解析 词义混淆。psychological 表示“心理的”，而 psychic 表示“精神的”，这里是说“谁为我们的精神损失买单”，因此使用 psychic 更合适。解析：occurto解析 介词
34、缺失。occur 是不及物动词，它的用法是 it occurs to sb.表示“让某人突然想到”。解析：foragainst解析 介词误用。barricade 表示“设置障碍”，与 against 搭配使用表示“对设置障碍”。解析：ThusHowever解析 衔接副词误用。前一句说“就在十年前，大部分私人公司都是允许自由出入的”，下句说“今天你要去公司，必须携带一个通行证”。由此可见，二者是强烈的转折关系，因此使用However。Most economies in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the free marke
35、t. Consequently, nothing seems good or normal which does not accord with the requirements of the free 21 market. A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matter, establishing by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers 22 seemly harmful. Accordingly, it requires a major act of will
36、to think 23 of price-fixing (the determination of prices by the seller) as both normal or having a valuable economic function. In fact, price-fixing 24 is normal at all industrialized societies if the industrial system itself 25 provides, as an effortless consequence of its own development, the pric
37、e-fixing that they requires. Modem industrial planning requires 26 and rewards great size. Hence, a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers. Each large firm will act with full consideration of the needs that it has in the common with other large fi
38、rms competing for the same 27 customers. Each large firm will nevertheless avoid significant price- 28 cutting, because price-cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable demand for products. Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be broug
39、ht about by number of explicit agreements among large firms; it is not. 29 Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method of establishing prices has not considered the economies of non-socialist 30 countries other than
40、the United States. These economies employ intentional price-fixing, usually in an overt fashion.（分数：25.00）解析：whichthat解析 关系代词误用。which 和 that 在引导定语从句时的区别之一是，当先行词是nothing，everything，somebody 等不定代词时，只能使用 that。这个定语从句的先行词是 nothing，因此只能用 that。解析：establishingestablished解析 非谓语动词误用。这里 establish 的宾语是 price，二者
41、构成动宾关系，和前面的 is determined 并列，都是被动语态结构，因此需要使用过去分词。解析：seemlyseems解析 词性混用。本句的主语是 A price，主语后面是一个较长的定语从句，harmful 是表语，可见该句缺少系动词，而主语是单数，故应该把 seemly 改成 seems。解析：orand解析 连词误用。这里是固定结构 both.and.，本句的意思是“因此我们需要改变想法，把价格垄断看作既正常又有经济价值的一种经济手段。”解析：ifbecause解析 连词误用。本句的主句说“价格垄断在工业社会中是正常的”，从句说“工业体制本身就提供了它所需要的、由其自身发展的毫不
42、费力就产生的价格垄断”。可见从句是解释主句的原因，因此应该使用连词 because。解析：theyit解析 代词误用。that 引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的 pricefixing，而从句的主语应该是前文出现的 the industrial system，并且参照 itself 可以判断此处主语应该是 it，而不是they。解析：第一个 the the 解析 冠词冗余。in common 是固定搭配，表示“共同的”，不需要冠词the。解析：neverthelessthus/therefore解析 副词误用。nevertheless 表示转折，上句说“每家大公司都要全面考虑与其竞争的其他大公司的共同需求”，下句说“每家大公司都避免明显的减价，原因是减价会损害共同的利益”，可见上下文不是转折关系，而是因果关系。解析：numbera解析 冠词缺失。a number of 是固定词组，表示“一些，很多”，本句意思是“大多数经济学家看不到价格垄断的发生，因为他们认为价格垄断是由大公司之间达成一些明确的协议之后才会发生的，但是事实并非如此。”可见这里的 a number of 修饰 agreements。解析：hashave解析 主谓不一致。此句的主语和谓语距离较远，容易产生误解，主语是 those economists，中间的成分是修饰主语的定语从句，谓语应该用复数 have。
