1、专业八级分类模拟 393 及答案解析(总分：45.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：3，分数：45.00)The latest study finds some temperament traits are more like to land 1 babies in front of the television. There is growing evidence watching hours and hours of TV can 2 prompt kids to eat unhealthy foods and gain less weight. So
2、the American 3 Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that infants under age 2 would 4 not be plunked in front of the set at all. But for many parents desperate for a relatedly simple and quick way 5 to occupy their babies, the television is still a convenient, if not ideal, go-to solution. Hope to
3、shed light on how to best help parents cut back on such 6 TV time, scientists at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill identified certain characteristics among infants and mothers that attend to 7 promote more hours in front of the screen. In the study, published in the journal Pediatrics,
4、 the researchers analyzed data from 217 African-American mother and infant pairs from the Infant Care and Risk of Obesity Study. At 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after birth, the infants“ mothers reported on their babies“ temperaturehow 8 fussy or complacent they wereas well their own TV viewing habits
5、, 9 including how long the TV was on during the day and how often they feed 10 their babies while watching TV.（分数：10.00）Ingma Bergman“s latest work as a screenwriter is “Sunday“s Children“. Set in rural Sweden during the late 1920s, the story centers on a young boy named Pu, clearly molded with Berg
6、man 11 himself. Pu“s father is a country clergyman who duties include 12 traveling to the capital and ministering to the royal family. While this is an enviable position, it does not assuage with problems in the 13 clergyman“s marriage. Pu is young enough to be fairly unaware of such difficulties, b
7、ut his awareness grows with the pass of time. So 14 do the subtle tensions that damage Pu“s own relationship with his father, whose desire to show affection and compassion hampered by 15 a certain stiffness in his demeanor and chilliness in his emotions. The film“s most resonant passage take place w
8、hen Pu learns to 16 see his father with new clarity while accompanied him on a cross- 17 country trip to another parish. In a remarkable change of tone, this portion of the story is punctuated for flash-forwards to a time 40 18 years in the future, showing the relationship between parent and childre
9、n to be dramatically changed. The father is now cared for by the son, and desires for forgiveness for past shortcomings what the 19 younger man resolutely refuse to grant. Brief and abrupt although they are, these scenes make a sharp 20 contrast with the sunny landscapes and comic interludes in the
10、early part of the movie. “Sunday“s Children“ is a film of many levels, and all are skillfully handled by Danniel Bergman in his directional debut. Gentle scenes of domestic contentment are sensitively interwoven with intimations of underlying malaise.（分数：25.00）It has been perceived that languages te
11、nd to be organized around grammatical categories such as noun and verb, nominative and accusative, or present and past. The grammar of language is organized around such 21 fundamental categories, though many languages express the relationships between words and syntax in the other discrete ways. 22
12、In addition to make substantial use of discrete categories, language 23 has the important property that organizes elements into recursive structures; 24 which allows, for example, a noun phrase to contain another noun phrase (as in 25 “the chimpanzee“s lips“) or a clause to contain a clause (as in “
13、I think that it“s raining“). Because recursion in grammar was implicitly recognized much earlier, 26 the importance of this aspect of language became more popular after the 1957 publication of Noam Chomsky“s book Syntactic Structures, which presents a 27 formal grammar of a fragment of English. Prio
14、r to this, the most detail 28 descriptions of linguistic systems were of phonological or morphological systems. Chomsky used a context-free grammar augment with transformations. 29 Since then, following the trend of Chomskyan linguistics, context-free grammars have written for substantial fragments
15、of various languages. It has been 30 demonstrated, however, that human languages include cross-serial dependencies, which cannot be handled adequately by context-free grammars.（分数：10.00）专业八级分类模拟 393 答案解析(总分：45.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：3，分数：45.00)The latest study finds some temperament trai
16、ts are more like to land 1 babies in front of the television. There is growing evidence watching hours and hours of TV can 2 prompt kids to eat unhealthy foods and gain less weight. So the American 3 Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that infants under age 2 would 4 not be plunked in front of t
17、he set at all. But for many parents desperate for a relatedly simple and quick way 5 to occupy their babies, the television is still a convenient, if not ideal, go-to solution. Hope to shed light on how to best help parents cut back on such 6 TV time, scientists at the University of North Carolina a
18、t Chapel Hill identified certain characteristics among infants and mothers that attend to 7 promote more hours in front of the screen. In the study, published in the journal Pediatrics, the researchers analyzed data from 217 African-American mother and infant pairs from the Infant Care and Risk of O
19、besity Study. At 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after birth, the infants“ mothers reported on their babies“ temperaturehow 8 fussy or complacent they wereas well their own TV viewing habits, 9 including how long the TV was on during the day and how often they feed 10 their babies while watching TV.（分数：1
20、0.00）解析：likelikely 考点 本题考查固定搭配。 解析 be likely to do something 是固定搭配，表示“很有可能做某事”。解析：watchingthat 考点 本题考查同位语从句的用法。 解析 先行词 evidence 的同位语从句应该由 that 引导，不能省略关系代词。解析：lessmore 考点 本题考查篇章理解。 解析 根据下文经常观看电视的孩子因为会吃很多不健康食品，导致肥胖病(obesity)的发生，因此用more 更符合上下文的意思。解析：wouldshould 考点 本题考查虚拟语气的用法。 解析 that 引导的从句作为动词 recomme
21、nd(表示“建议，推荐”)的宾语从句，谓语动词应该用虚拟语气，即 should do something，或者省略助动词 should。解析：relatedlyrelatively 考点 本题考查副词辨析。 解析 relatedly 表示“有关地，相关地”；relatively 表示“相对地”。句中指父母们渴望用“相对”简单、快速的方法管教孩子，所以用后者更贴切。解析：HopeHoping 考点 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。 解析 hope 引导的是目的状语，不能用它的原型，而且主语 scientists 是施动者，所以用 hope 的-ing分词。解析：attendtend 考点 本题考查动词
22、词组辨析。 解析 attend to somebody 表示“照顾某人”；tend to do something 表示“倾向做某事”，后面跟的是动词 promote，因此用后者。解析：temperaturetemperament 考点 本题考查名词辨析。 解析 temperature 表示“体温”，temperament 表示“脾性”，句中是指让家长报告孩子的脾气、表现，所以用后者更贴切。解析：well as 考点 本题考查词组辨析。 解析 as well 和 as well as 都可以表示“也，一样”。但是，前者是副词词组，用作状语，只能放在句末；后者是介词词组，必须和名词或者名词词组搭
23、配使用。解析：feedfed 考点 本题考查时态的用法。 解析 最后一段都是介绍以前发生过的事情，应该用动词的一般过去式。Ingma Bergman“s latest work as a screenwriter is “Sunday“s Children“. Set in rural Sweden during the late 1920s, the story centers on a young boy named Pu, clearly molded with Bergman 11 himself. Pu“s father is a country clergyman who duti
24、es include 12 traveling to the capital and ministering to the royal family. While this is an enviable position, it does not assuage with problems in the 13 clergyman“s marriage. Pu is young enough to be fairly unaware of such difficulties, but his awareness grows with the pass of time. So 14 do the
25、subtle tensions that damage Pu“s own relationship with his father, whose desire to show affection and compassion hampered by 15 a certain stiffness in his demeanor and chilliness in his emotions. The film“s most resonant passage take place when Pu learns to 16 see his father with new clarity while a
26、ccompanied him on a cross- 17 country trip to another parish. In a remarkable change of tone, this portion of the story is punctuated for flash-forwards to a time 40 18 years in the future, showing the relationship between parent and children to be dramatically changed. The father is now cared for b
27、y the son, and desires for forgiveness for past shortcomings what the 19 younger man resolutely refuse to grant. Brief and abrupt although they are, these scenes make a sharp 20 contrast with the sunny landscapes and comic interludes in the early part of the movie. “Sunday“s Children“ is a film of m
28、any levels, and all are skillfully handled by Danniel Bergman in his directional debut. Gentle scenes of domestic contentment are sensitively interwoven with intimations of underlying malaise.（分数：25.00）解析：withon解析 介词误用。model on sb.是固定搭配，表示“仿造某人”或者“以某人为原型”。解析：whowhose解析 关系代词误用。定语从句的主语是 duties，是指 cler
29、gyman“S duties，因此应该使用表示物主代词的关系代词 whose。解析：with with 解析 介词冗余。assuage 是及物动词，意为“缓和，减轻”，无需加介词 with。解析：passpassage解析 词义混淆。pass 作名词用时表示“关口”，而 passage of time 可以表示“时间的流逝”。解析：hamperedis解析 语态错误。此处句子的主语是 whose desire to show affection and compassion，谓语是 hampered，可见应该使用被动语态，意思是“父亲想对儿子表达爱的想法总是被他举止上的僵硬和情感上的冷酷所阻断
30、”。解析：taketakes解析 主谓不一致。主语是 passage，是单数，谓语动词应该使用 takes。解析：accompaniedaccompanying解析 非谓语动词误用。此处 accompany 应该使用现在分词，表示伴随动作。而且 accompany 修饰的是 Pu，二者是主谓关系，因此用现在分词形式。解析：forwith解析 介词误用。punctuated with 表示“用不时打断，交织”，此处的意思是“故事的这一部分总是穿插 40 年后的一些场景”。解析：whatthat/which解析 关系代词误用。此处是定语从句，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，因此应该使用 that 或者
31、 which，而不能使用 what。解析：althoughthough/as解析 近义词混淆。作连词时，although 和 though 通常可以互换使用，如：Although(Though)she smiled，she was angry.但二者也有区别：although 常放在从句的开头，而though 可以出现在其他位置，当用来连接词语或短语时更为常用，如：Fond though I am of opera, I“d rather not sit through the ring cycle this weekend. 此时就不能使用 although。由于 as 和though 可以
32、使用同样的结构，因此此处改为 as 也可以。It has been perceived that languages tend to be organized around grammatical categories such as noun and verb, nominative and accusative, or present and past. The grammar of language is organized around such 21 fundamental categories, though many languages express the relations
33、hips between words and syntax in the other discrete ways. 22 In addition to make substantial use of discrete categories, language 23 has the important property that organizes elements into recursive structures; 24 which allows, for example, a noun phrase to contain another noun phrase (as in 25 “the
34、 chimpanzee“s lips“) or a clause to contain a clause (as in “I think that it“s raining“). Because recursion in grammar was implicitly recognized much earlier, 26 the importance of this aspect of language became more popular after the 1957 publication of Noam Chomsky“s book Syntactic Structures, whic
35、h presents a 27 formal grammar of a fragment of English. Prior to this, the most detail 28 descriptions of linguistic systems were of phonological or morphological systems. Chomsky used a context-free grammar augment with transformations. 29 Since then, following the trend of Chomskyan linguistics,
36、context-free grammars have written for substantial fragments of various languages. It has been 30 demonstrated, however, that human languages include cross-serial dependencies, which cannot be handled adequately by context-free grammars.（分数：10.00）解析：在 language 前加 a解析 本题考查冠词的用法。language 是可数名词，并且此处表泛指
37、，故应加不定冠词。解析：去掉 other 前的 the解析 本题考查 other 的用法。the other 指两个人或事物中的第二个或另一个，也指一组中其余的人或事物，而 other 指“另外、其他”，在此处作形容词，修饰名词 ways。解析：makemaking解析 本题考查非谓语动词。in addition to 意为“除之外”，其中 to 为介词，后面要接动名词。解析：在 organizes 前加 it解析 本题考查同位语从句。如果此句中的 that 引导的是定语从句，先行词是 property，那么 property organizes elements into recursive
38、 structures 语义不通。因此，应该是 language organizes elements into recursive structures，前面出现了 language，为了避免重复，需用 it 代替，that 引导的是同位语从句。解析：whichthis解析 本题考查句子结构。which 前面是分号，可见 which 所在句应该是个完整的句子，而 which 不能充当陈述句的主语，故将 which 改为 this。解析：BecauseAlthough/Though解析 本题考查逻辑关系。此处要表达“ -|_|-语法的递归性很早以前就被认识到了，但是语言这一特性的重要性在 19
39、57 年 Chomsky 出版了句法结构之后才变得更加为人所知”，显然此处用“虽然”符合逻辑。解析：presentspresented解析 本题考查动词时态。此处谈论的是过去的事情，应该用一般过去时。解析：detaildetailed解析 本题考查形容词的用法。detail 是名词，不能修饰名词 descriptions，应该用形容词 detailed，意为“详细的”。解析：augmentaugmented解析 本题考查非谓语动词。augment 在此处作动词，意为“增加，增大”，此处表达“Chomsky 利用与上下文无关的随着转换而加强的语法”，过去分词短语作后置定语。解析：在 written 前加 been解析 本题考查动词语态。context-free grammars 与 write 之间是动宾关系，故此处应该用被动语态。
