1、专业八级分类模拟 392 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rules forbid the practice of making ads loud than the programming. In addition, 1 television stations always o
2、perate at the highest sound level allowing 2 for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive, no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information, why do commercials sound so loud? The sensation of sound involves variety of factors in addition to 3 i
3、ts speak level. Advertisers are skilful at create the impression of 4 loudness through their expert use of such factors. One major contributor of the perceived loudness of commercials is that much 5 less variation in sound level occur during a commercial. In regular 6 programming the intensity of so
4、und varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels. Another “tricks of the trade“ are also used. Because low- 7 frequency sounds can mask higher frequency sounds, advertisers filter out any noises in that may drown out the primary message. In 8 ad
5、dition, the human voice has more auditory impact in the middle frequency ranges. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. Another approach is to write the script in which lots of consonants are used, because people are most aware of consonants than
6、 vowel sounds. Finally, 9 advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from that of the programming within which the commercial 10 is buried. Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming, a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewer“s a
7、ttention. For example, notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type.（分数：25.00）The United States is considered a multilingual country but it has never employed an official language policy. Even though English is clearly the dominant language, a variety of indigenous and immigra
8、nt languages are also spoken. The framers of the Constitution purposefully decided not to select an official language because of present linguistic diversity; however, due to the German 11 community“s active involvement in the Revolution, the Continental Congress published many documents in German t
9、o facilitate communication. Ultimately, the official language was never 12 specified in the U. S. Constitution. Proponents of bilingual education felt that poor academic achievement in certain students was attributed in part to insufficient 13 English instruction. They believed that because language
10、-minority 14 students were taught some subjects in their native tongue, then these students could potentially learn English by sacrificing the 15 content. Critics of bilingual education argue that this approach of instruction facilitates native language dependency and ultimately deters their progres
11、s in English language acquisition. Bilingual advocates counter this argument in stating that bilingual instruction looks at deeper issues of cultural difference and prevents the sort of alienation often empowering in “English only“ mandates. 16 The issue of bilingual education is both complicated an
12、d controversial. The range of programs, as well as the different meanings in different states, complicate the debate. The debate 17 continues and all sides offer research and studies that are 18 diametrically opposed to one another. In 1998, California voters overwhelmingly approved Proposition 227,
13、 an initiative that basically in attempts to eliminate bilingual education from its public 19 schools. The state of Arizona has mustered a different sentiment and 20 Mayor Giuliani of New York City has established a task force to investigate bilingual programs and the possibility of English immersio
14、n programs.（分数：25.00）The newborn can see the difference between various shapes and patterns from birth. He prefers patterns for dull or bright solid colors 21 and looks longer at stripes and angles than at circular patterns. Within three weeks, however, his preference shifts dramatic to the 22 human
15、 face. Why should a baby with so little visual experience attend more to human face than to any other kind of pattern? Some scientists 23 think this preference represents a built-in advantage for the human species. The object in prime importance to the physically helpless 24 infant is a human being.
16、 Babies seem to have a natural tendency to the human face as potentially awarding. Researchers also point out 25 that the newborn wisely relies more on pattern than on outline, size, or color. Pattern remains stable, and outline changes with point of 26 view; size, with distance from an object; and
17、brightness and color, with lighting. Mothers have always claimed that they could see their newborns looking at them as they held them, despite what they have 27 told. The experts who thought that perception had to await physical development and the consequence of action were wrong for several reason
18、s. Earlier research techniques were less sophisticated than what they are today. Physical skills were once used to indicate 28 perception of objectsskills like visual tracking and reaching for an object, both of them the newborn does poorly. Then, too, 29 assumptions that the newborn“s eyes and brai
19、n was too immature for 30 anything as sophisticated as pattern recognition caused opposing data to be thrown away. Since perception of form was widely believed to follow perception of more “basic“ qualities such as color and brightness, the possibility of its presence from birth was rejected.（分数：25.
20、00）Every fall, like clockwork, Linda Krentz of Beaverton, Oregon, felt her brain go on strike. “I just couldn“t get going in the morning,“ she says. “I“d get depressed and gain 10 pounds every winter and lose it again in spring. “ Then she read about 31 seasonal effective disorder, a form of depress
21、ion that occurs in 32 the fall and winter, and she saw the lightliterally. Every morning 33 now she turns in a specially constructed light box for half an hour 34 and sits in front of it to trick her brain into thinking she“s still enjoying those long summer days. It seems to work. Krentz is not alo
22、ne. Scientists estimate that 10 million Americans suffer seasonal depression and 25 million more develop 35 milder versions. But there“s never been definitive proof which 36 treatment with very bright lights makes a difference. In all, it“s hard 37 to do a double-blind test when the subjects can see
23、 for themselves whether or not the light is on. That“s why nobody has ever separated the real effects of light therapy with placebo (安慰剂) effects. 38 Until now, in three separate studies published last month, researchers report not only that light therapy works better than a placebo and that treatme
24、nt is usually more effective in the early 39 morning than in the evening. In two of the groups, the placebo problem was resolved by telling patients what they were comparing 40 light boxes to a new anti-depressant device that emits negatively charged ions. The third used the timing of light therapy
25、as the control.（分数：25.00）专业八级分类模拟 392 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Every year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rules forbid the practice of making ads loud than the programming. In addition, 1 tele
26、vision stations always operate at the highest sound level allowing 2 for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive, no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information, why do commercials sound so loud? The sensation of sound involves variety of fa
27、ctors in addition to 3 its speak level. Advertisers are skilful at create the impression of 4 loudness through their expert use of such factors. One major contributor of the perceived loudness of commercials is that much 5 less variation in sound level occur during a commercial. In regular 6 program
28、ming the intensity of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels. Another “tricks of the trade“ are also used. Because low- 7 frequency sounds can mask higher frequency sounds, advertisers filter out any noises in that may drown out the
29、primary message. In 8 addition, the human voice has more auditory impact in the middle frequency ranges. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. Another approach is to write the script in which lots of consonants are used, because people are most
30、aware of consonants than vowel sounds. Finally, 9 advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from that of the programming within which the commercial 10 is buried. Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming, a dramatic change in sound
31、quality draws viewer“s attention. For example, notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type.（分数：25.00）解析：loudlouder解析 形容词比较级错误。此处的语境是比较电视广告和节目播放的声音，并且有表示比较的标志词 than，因此需要使用 loud 的比较级形式。解析：allowingallowed解析 非谓语动词误用。此处是指“电视台为了追求效益，经常使用政策允许范围内的最大音量”，“音量”和“允许”之间是动宾关系，因此应该使用 allow 的
32、过去分词形式表被动。解析：vatrietya解析 冠词缺失。a variety of 是固定搭配，表示“多种”，相当于various。解析：createcreating解析 动词形式错误。介词 at 后面应该接动名词，be skilful at doing sth. 意为“擅长做某事”，因此应该使用 creating。解析：第一个 ofto解析 介词误用。contributor 表示“促使某事形成的因素”，后面跟介词 to，这和它的动词短语 contribute to 的用法是一样的。解析：occuroccurs解析 主谓不一致。该句的主语是 much less variation in so
33、und level，中心词 variation 是单数名词，因此谓语应该用第三人称单数形式 occurs。解析：AnotherOther解析 近义词误用。此处承接上一段，继续讲电视台播放广告的其他伎俩。other通常指“(除之外)另外的，其他的”，而 another 则泛指“又一，再一”，且 another 后面只能接单数名词，故将 Another 改为 Other。解析：in in 解析 介词冗余。此处 noises 后面接一个定语从句，noises 前面的限定词是 any，引导词应该使用 that。所以 that 前面的 in 冗余。解析：mostmore解析 形容词比较级错误。此处说人们
34、对辅音要比对元音更加敏感，并且有表示比较的标志词 than，因此应该使用比较级。解析：thatthose解析 代词误用。该句是说“广告商尽量使用与植入广告的节目不一样的声音”，此处代词指代前面出现的 sounds，应该用复数指示代词 those。The United States is considered a multilingual country but it has never employed an official language policy. Even though English is clearly the dominant language, a variety of
35、indigenous and immigrant languages are also spoken. The framers of the Constitution purposefully decided not to select an official language because of present linguistic diversity; however, due to the German 11 community“s active involvement in the Revolution, the Continental Congress published many
36、 documents in German to facilitate communication. Ultimately, the official language was never 12 specified in the U. S. Constitution. Proponents of bilingual education felt that poor academic achievement in certain students was attributed in part to insufficient 13 English instruction. They believed
37、 that because language-minority 14 students were taught some subjects in their native tongue, then these students could potentially learn English by sacrificing the 15 content. Critics of bilingual education argue that this approach of instruction facilitates native language dependency and ultimatel
38、y deters their progress in English language acquisition. Bilingual advocates counter this argument in stating that bilingual instruction looks at deeper issues of cultural difference and prevents the sort of alienation often empowering in “English only“ mandates. 16 The issue of bilingual education
39、is both complicated and controversial. The range of programs, as well as the different meanings in different states, complicate the debate. The debate 17 continues and all sides offer research and studies that are 18 diametrically opposed to one another. In 1998, California voters overwhelmingly app
40、roved Proposition 227, an initiative that basically in attempts to eliminate bilingual education from its public 19 schools. The state of Arizona has mustered a different sentiment and 20 Mayor Giuliani of New York City has established a task force to investigate bilingual programs and the possibili
41、ty of English immersion programs.（分数：25.00）解析：presentthe解析 冠词缺失。该句中 present linguistic diversity 意为“目前语言的多样性”，表示特指，其前需要加定冠词 the 来起到限定作用。解析：thean解析 冠词误用。official language 的意思是“官方语言”，此处并非特指，故将定冠词 the 改为 an。解析：第一个 inamong解析 介词误用。poor academic achievement 的意思是“糟糕的学业成绩”，后文想表达的意思是“在学生当中”，在多者之中应该用介词 among，
42、故将 in 改为 among。解析：becauseif解析 连词误用。根据上下文语义可知，该句表达的是后文情况发生的一种条件，意思是“如果讲少数民族语言的学生能够用母语学习一些学科，那么他们就可以在不影响听课内容的同时学会英语。”此为条件状语从句而非原因状语从句，故将连词 because 改为 if。解析：bywithout解析 介词误用。该句的意思是“那么他们就可以在不影响听课内容的同时学会英语”。without 的意思是“没有”，by 的意思是“通过”，故将 by 改为 without。解析：empoweringempowered解析 非谓语动词误用。alienation 和 empowe
43、r 之间为动宾关系，过去分词作后置定语表示被动含义，故将 empowering 改为 empowered。解析：complicatecomplicates解析 主谓不一致。该句的主语为 the range of programs，中心词range 为单数名词，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式，故将 complicate 改为 complicates。解析：allboth解析 语义错误。根据上文意思可知，存在着两个派别，此处表示“双方”，而 all 意为“全部的，所有的”，表示三者或三者以上，故将 all 改为 both。解析：in in 解析 介词冗余。initiative 后面由 that 引
44、导的定语从句缺少谓语，attempt to do sth. 为常用短语，意思是“试图做某事”，故将前面的介词 in 去掉。解析：differentsimilar解析 语义错误。根据上下文语义可知，美国亚利桑那州也提出了相似的观点，故将 different 改为 similar。The newborn can see the difference between various shapes and patterns from birth. He prefers patterns for dull or bright solid colors 21 and looks longer at str
45、ipes and angles than at circular patterns. Within three weeks, however, his preference shifts dramatic to the 22 human face. Why should a baby with so little visual experience attend more to human face than to any other kind of pattern? Some scientists 23 think this preference represents a built-in
46、advantage for the human species. The object in prime importance to the physically helpless 24 infant is a human being. Babies seem to have a natural tendency to the human face as potentially awarding. Researchers also point out 25 that the newborn wisely relies more on pattern than on outline, size,
47、 or color. Pattern remains stable, and outline changes with point of 26 view; size, with distance from an object; and brightness and color, with lighting. Mothers have always claimed that they could see their newborns looking at them as they held them, despite what they have 27 told. The experts who
48、 thought that perception had to await physical development and the consequence of action were wrong for several reasons. Earlier research techniques were less sophisticated than what they are today. Physical skills were once used to indicate 28 perception of objectsskills like visual tracking and re
49、aching for an object, both of them the newborn does poorly. Then, too, 29 assumptions that the newborn“s eyes and brain was too immature for 30 anything as sophisticated as pattern recognition caused opposing data to be thrown away. Since perception of form was widely believed to follow perception of more “basic“ qualities such as color and brightness, the possibility of its presence from birth was rejected.（分数：25.00）解析：forto解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。prefer.to.为固定搭配，prefer A to B 表示“喜欢A 多过喜欢 B”，A 与 B 是平行结构，可以都是名词，也可以都是动名词。解析：drama
