1、专业八级分类模拟 390 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Thanks in no small part to A1 Gore and his film producers, the American public is waking up to the seriousness of global warming. That is not so widely appreciated is that unless the US government 1 acted urgently and decisivel
2、y, this problem could very quickly get 2 very much worse. For reasons both economic or political coal is poised to be the 3 fuel of choice in the coming decades as the US weans itself off foreign oil. Coal combustion generates half the US“s electricity and releases at 1.5 billion tons of carbon diox
3、ide a year. If present 4 trends continue, these figures will be more than double by 2050, much on to the detriment of the world“s climate. Without an 5 alternative fuel, the only solution is to capture and store carbon dioxide from burning coal. Overcome the engineering obstacles in the way of. larg
4、e-scale 6 sequestration of carbon dioxide will be hard enough, and the bigger 7 challenge is one of political will. US companies as yet have no incentive to capture carbon emissions. While movements at state 8 and congressional levels are pushing in the right direction, the ambiguity in the administ
5、ration“s policy is counterproductive. It is time for the US government to put price on carbon 9 emissions so utilities that invest in technologies to reduce carbon emissions will see their efforts rewarding. Such a move would not 10 only reduce the risks associated with global warming, but also go a
6、 long way to restoring America“s green credentials.（分数：25.00）A summary of the physical and chemical nature of life must begin, not on the Earth, but in the Sun; in fact, at the Sun“s very center. It is here where is to be found the source of the energy that 11 the Sun constantly pours out into the s
7、pace as light and heat. This 12 energy is liberated at the center of the Sun as billions on billions of 13 nuclei of hydrogen atoms collide with each other and fuse together to form nuclei of helium, and, in doing so, releases some of the energy 14 that is stored in the nuclei of atoms. The output o
8、f light and heat of the Sun requires that some 600 million tons of hydrogen are 15 converted into helium in the Sun every second. This the Sun has been done for several thousands of millions of year. 16 The nuclear energy is released at the Sun“s center as high- energy gamma radiation, a form of ele
9、ctromagnetic radiation like light and radio waves, only of very much short wavelength. This 17 gamma radiation is absorbed by atoms inside the Sun, to be reemitted at slight longer wavelengths. This radiation, in its turn, is 18 absorbed and remitted. As the energy filters through the layers of the
10、solar interior, it passes through the x-ray part of the spectrum, and eventually becoming light. At this stage, it has reached that we 19 call the solar surface, and can escape into space, without being absorbed further by solar atoms. A very small fraction of the Sun“s light and heat emitted in suc
11、h directions that, after passing 20 unhindered through interplanetary space, it hits the Earth.（分数：25.00）The interloper who seized our telephone line continued to hit us again and again for the next six months. The phone company seemed powerful. Its security folks moved us to one unlisted number 21
12、after another half a dozen times. They put special pin codes in place. They put traces on the line. And the troublemaker kept 22 breaking through. If our hacker has been truly evil and omnipotent as only 23 fictional movie hackers are, there would probably have been even worse ways he could have thr
13、eatened my privacy. He could have destroyed my credit rate. He could have eavesdropped on my 24 telephone conversations or siphoned off my e-mail. He could have called in my mortgage, discontinued my health assurance or deleted 25 my Social Security number. Still, I remember feeling violating at the
14、 time and as powerless 26 as a minnow in a flash flood. Someone was invading my private spacemy family“s private spaceand there was anything I or the 27 authorities could do. It was as close to a technological epiphany (主 显节) as I have ever been. And as I watched my personal digital hell unfold, whi
15、ch struck me that our privacymine and yours 28 has already disappeared bit by bit. Losing control of your telephone, of course, is least of it. After 29 all, most of us voluntarily give out our phone number and address when we allow ourselves to be listed in the White Pages. We make it public our in
16、terests and our purchasing habits every time we shop 30 by mail order or visit a commercial website.（分数：25.00）With the effects of globalization, increases in technology and the pace of life invade more and more areas of everyday life, and free-time has become an increasing precious and important res
17、ource. 31 For those pursuing leisure lifestyles deriving from consuming the 32 “riches“ of the leisure market and for those who are experiencing a shortage of free timea “time squeeze“ leisure may offer many benefits but also some costs. For the growing number of people looking forward to abundance
18、free time in retirement and for the 33 increasing number of young people who are experiencing reduced activity levels, and problems of overweight and reduced fitness, leisure has never been vital for ensuring individual and social health 34 and well-being. At the macro level, the social, cultural, e
19、nvironmental health and economic significance of leisure and events have been increased 35 in New Zealand and around the world. Leisure and events and areas that address these phenomenon, including play, recreation, the 36 arts, sport, festivals, celebrations, health and fitness, outdoor recreation,
20、 parks, entertainment and tourism, are important aspects of modern life and providing for these are an increasingly significant 37 feature in modern economies. They can play a vital part in enhancing social capital and quality of lives. 38 This research theme has been established to farther knowledg
21、e 39 and understanding of the ways of leisure and events, and their associated forms, contributing to individual and social health and well-being, quality of life and social, cultural, environmental and economic development. Better knowledge of these broad phenomena will inform policies to maximize
22、the benefits and minimize the costs associated to the production and consumption of leisure and events. 40 （分数：25.00）专业八级分类模拟 390 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Thanks in no small part to A1 Gore and his film producers, the American public is waking up to the seriousness
23、of global warming. That is not so widely appreciated is that unless the US government 1 acted urgently and decisively, this problem could very quickly get 2 very much worse. For reasons both economic or political coal is poised to be the 3 fuel of choice in the coming decades as the US weans itself
24、off foreign oil. Coal combustion generates half the US“s electricity and releases at 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year. If present 4 trends continue, these figures will be more than double by 2050, much on to the detriment of the world“s climate. Without an 5 alternative fuel, the only solut
25、ion is to capture and store carbon dioxide from burning coal. Overcome the engineering obstacles in the way of. large-scale 6 sequestration of carbon dioxide will be hard enough, and the bigger 7 challenge is one of political will. US companies as yet have no incentive to capture carbon emissions. W
26、hile movements at state 8 and congressional levels are pushing in the right direction, the ambiguity in the administration“s policy is counterproductive. It is time for the US government to put price on carbon 9 emissions so utilities that invest in technologies to reduce carbon emissions will see t
27、heir efforts rewarding. Such a move would not 10 only reduce the risks associated with global warming, but also go a long way to restoring America“s green credentials.（分数：25.00）解析：ThatWhat解析 从句中的连词误用。本句主语是主语从句，需要使用 what 作为从句的主语，虽然 that 也能引导主语从句，但是它不作任何成分。解析：actedacts解析 时态错误。本句是 unless 引导的条件状语从句，是一种假
28、设，因此使用一般现在时，而不是过去时。解析：orand解析 固定搭配错误。本句的意思是“出于政治上和经济上的原因”，表示两个原因，因此使用 both.and.，而 or 一般和 either 连用，表示二者选择其一。解析：atabout解析 介词误用。本句是说燃烧煤炭每年约释放 15 亿吨的二氧化碳，只有介词 about表示“大约”，而 at 表示“在方面”，不符合上下文语境。解析：on on 解析 介词冗余。to the detriment of the world“s climate 表示“对世界气候造成危害”，on 表示“在之上”，在此处是多余的。解析：OvercomeOvercomin
29、g解析 非谓语动词误用。此处 overcome 引导的这个短语是作为整个句子的主语，因此不能使用原形或者过去分词形式，可以使用动名词形式。解析：andbut解析 连词误用。此处是转折关系，而不是顺承关系。解析：movementsmoves解析 词义混淆。movement 表示“运动，动作，活动”，而 move 表示“策略，为达到某个目的而采取的行动”，此处指州政府和国会正采取积极的策略。解析：puta解析 冠词缺失。put a price on 是固定搭配，表示“给定价”，其中的不定冠词a 不能省略。解析：rewardingrewarded解析 非谓语动词误用。此处是指美国政府到了应该为碳排放
30、定价的时候了，以便投资技术用于减少二氧化碳排放的公用事业公司得到回报。efforts 与 reward 是动宾关系，应该使用过去分词，表示被动。A summary of the physical and chemical nature of life must begin, not on the Earth, but in the Sun; in fact, at the Sun“s very center. It is here where is to be found the source of the energy that 11 the Sun constantly pours out
31、 into the space as light and heat. This 12 energy is liberated at the center of the Sun as billions on billions of 13 nuclei of hydrogen atoms collide with each other and fuse together to form nuclei of helium, and, in doing so, releases some of the energy 14 that is stored in the nuclei of atoms. T
32、he output of light and heat of the Sun requires that some 600 million tons of hydrogen are 15 converted into helium in the Sun every second. This the Sun has been done for several thousands of millions of year. 16 The nuclear energy is released at the Sun“s center as high- energy gamma radiation, a
33、form of electromagnetic radiation like light and radio waves, only of very much short wavelength. This 17 gamma radiation is absorbed by atoms inside the Sun, to be reemitted at slight longer wavelengths. This radiation, in its turn, is 18 absorbed and remitted. As the energy filters through the lay
34、ers of the solar interior, it passes through the x-ray part of the spectrum, and eventually becoming light. At this stage, it has reached that we 19 call the solar surface, and can escape into space, without being absorbed further by solar atoms. A very small fraction of the Sun“s light and heat emi
35、tted in such directions that, after passing 20 unhindered through interplanetary space, it hits the Earth.（分数：25.00）解析：wherethat解析 强调句型误用。这句话是强调地点状语的强调句。在强调句中，连接词一般用that，如被强调的部分是人，也可用 who/whom，不能用 which，where，when 等。解析：第二个 the the 解析 冠词冗余。这句话的意思是“正是在这里会找到太阳不停地向宇宙空间以光和热的形式释放能量的源泉”，space 表示“太空”时，前面不加
36、the。解析：onupon解析 介词误用。一般情况下 on 和 upon 可以互换，但在一些约定俗成的固定结构中不可以互换，billions upon billions 是固定搭配，表示“数十亿计的”，类似的还有 thousands upon thousands, millions upon millions。解析：releasesrelease解析 主谓不一致。release 的主语是 nuclei，是复数。而且，由连词 and 也可以看出 release 应和前面的 collide 并列，应该使用复数形式。解析：arebe解析 虚拟语气错误。本句谓语是 requires，后接 that 引
37、导的从句，谓语应该使用should+动词原形，should 可以省略。解析：donedoing解析 语态错误。这句话的意思是“太阳这样运作已经有成千百万年了”，是主动语态，has been doing 表示“一直这样做，还在继续”，所以使用 doing。解析：shortshorter解析 形容词比较级错误。由整句话来看，gamma radiation(伽马射线)是一种类似于光和射线的波，只是比光和射线的波长要短许多，表示比较，因此应该使用比较级。解析：slightslightly解析 词性混用。此处 slight 修饰的是形容词比较级 longer，因此应该用副词形式。解析：thatwhat解
38、析 从句引导词错误。在这句话中，that 引导的从句结构并不完整，call 后面缺少宾语，由此可推断，前面的引导词不仅要起连接作用，还要充当句子成分，因此使用 what。that 只能起到连接作用，不能作任何成分。解析：emittedis解析 语态错误。这句话的意思是“太阳的光和热的一小部分经由这个方向释放，穿过无阻碍的星系空间到达地球”，光能和热能是被释放的，因此用被动语态。The interloper who seized our telephone line continued to hit us again and again for the next six months. The
39、phone company seemed powerful. Its security folks moved us to one unlisted number 21 after another half a dozen times. They put special pin codes in place. They put traces on the line. And the troublemaker kept 22 breaking through. If our hacker has been truly evil and omnipotent as only 23 fictiona
40、l movie hackers are, there would probably have been even worse ways he could have threatened my privacy. He could have destroyed my credit rate. He could have eavesdropped on my 24 telephone conversations or siphoned off my e-mail. He could have called in my mortgage, discontinued my health assuranc
41、e or deleted 25 my Social Security number. Still, I remember feeling violating at the time and as powerless 26 as a minnow in a flash flood. Someone was invading my private spacemy family“s private spaceand there was anything I or the 27 authorities could do. It was as close to a technological epiph
42、any (主 显节) as I have ever been. And as I watched my personal digital hell unfold, which struck me that our privacymine and yours 28 has already disappeared bit by bit. Losing control of your telephone, of course, is least of it. After 29 all, most of us voluntarily give out our phone number and addr
43、ess when we allow ourselves to be listed in the White Pages. We make it public our interests and our purchasing habits every time we shop 30 by mail order or visit a commercial website.（分数：25.00）解析：powerfulpowerless解析 语义错误。根据下文可知，电话公司对遭到黑客袭击的用户采取了多种保护措施，结果黑客却总是能攻克防卫。因此电话公司在这件事上应该是“无能为力的，无可奈何的”，故将 po
44、werful 改为 powerless。解析：AndBut解析 连词误用。前句说电话公司做了很多努力，后句说“这个制造麻烦的恶作剧者还是能攻克防卫”，因此可以判断这里是很明显的转折关系。解析：hashad解析 虚拟语气错误。条件从句表示与过去事实相反时，应该使用过去完成时，而不是现在完成时。本句意思是“如果这个黑客像科幻电影中的黑客一样邪恶并无所不能的话，他对我们隐私的威胁将可能加重。”解析：raterating解析 形近词误用。rate 意为“率，比率”，而 rating 意为“等级，级别”，credit rating 表示“信用等级”。解析：assuranceinsurance解析 形近词
45、误用。assurance 表示“保证”，而 insurance 表示“保险”，此处指“黑客以我的名义，中断我的健康保险”，因此应该使用 insurance。解析：violatingviolated解析 非谓语动词误用。violate 和 I 之间是逻辑动宾关系，即“我感到被别人侵犯”，因此应该使用过去分词表示被动。解析：anythingnothing解析 代词误用。根据上文可知，当黑客侵犯我们的隐私时，我们是无能为力的，所以什么也做不了，应该使用 nothing。解析：whichIt解析 it句型错误。as 引导时间状语从句，因此 which struck me that.应该是主句，而 wh
46、ich 只能引导从句，且该句中有一个 that 引导的主语从句，因此句首需要形式主语 it。本句含义是“我突然明白我们的隐私你的和我的已经一点一点地消失”。解析：leastthe解析 冠词缺失。此处 least 表示“最不重要的”，是最高级，前面应该加定冠词the。解析：it it 解析 代词冗余。make 的宾语是 our interests and our purchasing habits，补语是public，这里是宾语后置，因此不需要 it。此处意为“每当我们邮购或者访问网站时，我们都在使个人兴趣和购物习惯公开化。”With the effects of globalization,
47、increases in technology and the pace of life invade more and more areas of everyday life, and free-time has become an increasing precious and important resource. 31 For those pursuing leisure lifestyles deriving from consuming the 32 “riches“ of the leisure market and for those who are experiencing
48、a shortage of free timea “time squeeze“ leisure may offer many benefits but also some costs. For the growing number of people looking forward to abundance free time in retirement and for the 33 increasing number of young people who are experiencing reduced activity levels, and problems of overweight
49、 and reduced fitness, leisure has never been vital for ensuring individual and social health 34 and well-being. At the macro level, the social, cultural, environmental health and economic significance of leisure and events have been increased 35 in New Zealand and around the world. Leisure and events and areas that address these phenomenon, including play, recreation, the 36 arts, sport, festivals, celebrations, health and fitness, outdoor recreation, parks, entertainment and touri
