1、专业八级分类模拟 377 及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：30.00)What is Art?. Different Opinions on Art Art makes us more thoughtful and 1 people a) Graphics on video game b) Makes us laugh or incites us to riot c) An outlet to be creative and to 2 d)
2、 Gives us a sense of purpose Art is functional and 3 Desk, table, shoes, coffee cup, other 4 Art is in 5 ; no one could decide what it is a) The former statement is true b) The latter comment is not Art is 6 and means differently to everyone a) too broad and elusive to define art b) lots of referenc
3、es to cite . What Is Art 7 a) Elements of art Colour Value Space 8 b) 9 Balance Contrast 10 Proportion c) 11 Canvas Brushes 12 Content a) Artist“s 13 b) Artist“s actual message c) Viewers“ 14 d) Religion e) Political and social influences f) Historial 15 g) Artist“s use of hallucinogenic substances
4、（分数：30.00）三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：25.00)（分数：20.00）A.To have an intense feeling of guilty.B.To advise them to borrow money from others.C.To get a loan for them from the bank.D.To accommodate their requests.A.The person who likes to travel around.B.The person who likes to borrow money.C.The per
5、son who is always asked to lend money.D.The person who is good at making money.A.The fear of losing money.B.The fear of being bankrupt.C.The fear of seeing them go bankrupt.D.The fear of seeing them hate you afterwards.A.To inform them when you can“t pay back on time.B.To make a documentation with t
6、hem.C.To tell them the purpose of borrowing.D.To make them feel you are credible.A.You can reduce your interest rates.B.You can reconsider your terms of repayment.C.You should urge him to pay you back.D.You may let him do housework to pay the debts.（分数：5.00）A.In 2008.B.In 2009.C.In 2010.D.In 2011.A.
7、A service only given to kids.B.A service among kids.C.A service on used items of kids.D.A service that kids like most.A.$6 billion.B.$14,300.C.$50,000.D.$8,000.A.One of the founders of ThredUP.B.Director of Redpoint Ventures.C.The former EBay Chief Operating Officer.D.Publisher of the online magazin
8、e Shareable.A.A new means of quality control.B.A huge variety of good exchanged.C.Providing prepaid shipping labels and empty boxes.D.Reducing postage.四、PART LANGUAGE USAG(总题数：1，分数：25.00)During interpretation, short-term memory operations occur continually. Some are due to the lag between the moment
9、 speech 1 sounds heard and the moment they are interpreted: 2 phonemic segments may have to be added up in memory and 3 analyzed when they allow identification of a word or phoneme. To 4 take only one example, when spelling an unknown foreign name and saying “D as in Denmark,“ the phonetic elements
10、carrying “D“ may have to be held in memory until the word “Denmark“ is recognized, which in turns makes it possible to recognize it as a 5 D opposed to a T. Other short-term memory operations are 6 associated with the time it takes to produce speech, during which the idea or information to be worded
11、 is presented in memory. Still 7 others may be due to specific characteristics of a given speaker or speech: if the speech is unclear because of its logic, information density, unusual linguistic structure, or speaker“s accent, interpreters may wish to wait for a while before reformulating it (in si
12、multaneous)or taking notes (in consecutive), so as to have more time and a large context to deal with the comprehension and 8 reformulation problems. Clearly, short-term memory operations fall under the category of automatic operations because they include the storage 9 of information for later use.
13、 One might add that stored information changes both from one speech to another or during 10 every speech as it unfolds, and that both stored information quantities and storage duration can vary from moment to moment, so that there is little chance for repetition of identical operations with sufficie
14、nt frequency to allow automation of the processes.（分数：25.00）五、PART TRANSLATION(总题数：1，分数：12.50)1.教育是培养人的社会活动，是人类自身发展所必需的，也是人类社会得以发展的必要条件。一个国家的发展强盛，从根本上说取决于其国民素质，而国民素质的提高，关键靠教育。如果说教育是国家的基石，教师就是奠基者。中华民族要实现伟大的复兴，就要重视和发展教育，这就对教师及教师职业提出了新的要求。厚德方能载物，不断提高现代教师的职业道德修养水平，是建设有中国特色社会主义教育事业的一个重要方面。 （分数：12.50）_六、P
15、ART WRITING(总题数：1，分数：17.50)2.题目要求：With concerns over environmental degradation rising, a majority of Chinese people believe that environmental protection should be given higher priority, even if it risks the economic growth. Do you think the environment is more important than the economy? Read the f
16、ollowing excerpts on environment and economy carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to f
17、ollow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. D. J. Thampapillai Clearly, the natural environment is an important component of the economic system, and without the natural environment the economic system would not be able to function. Hence, we need to treat the natural environment in
18、the same way as we treat labour and capital; that is, as an asset and a resource. Jim MacNeill The most urgent imperative of the next few decades is further rapid growth. A fivefold to tenfold increase in economic activity would be required over the next 50 years in order to meet the needs and aspir
19、ations of a burgeoning world population, as well as to begin to reduce mass poverty. If such poverty is not reduced significantly and soon, there really is no way to stop the accelerating decline in the planet“s stocks of basic capital: its forests, soils, species, fisheries, waters and atmosphere.
20、Peter Self Economic markets follow an instrumental logic whereby, under the right conditions, rational egoistic behaviour is socially legitimated and acceptable. In politics, by contrast, it is or was a general social belief that individuals should have some regard to the “good of society“ and not j
21、ust their own private wants. Sharon Beder Economic efficiency does not necessarily equate with social or environmental welfare. Just because the benefits of an action outweigh the costs, it does not mean that the decision is morally correct or politically acceptable. For example, child labour or sla
22、very would be considered immoral even if the economic advantages to the whole society outweigh the costs to some individuals. Pricing mechanisms and markets tend to ignore distributional issues such as who gets the benefits and who bears the costs. Mohamed Idris The term “sustainable“ from the ecolo
23、gical point of view means the maintenance of the integrity of the ecology. It means a harmonious relation between humanity and nature. That is, harmony in the interaction between individual human beings and in their interaction with natural resources. The term “sustainable“ from the point of view of
24、 non-ecological elites means “how to continue to sustain the supply of raw materials when the existing sources of raw materials run out“. Edward Grumbine China has already proven that it can build a powerhouse economy and pull hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. Now comes another huge cha
25、llengeconstructing an adaptive state under 21st century, conditions of dwindling resources, greater social inequality, and climate uncertainty. The tasks are daunting: China must reboot economy, revamp environmental policies to reverse decades of decline, and rekindle its social contract to citizens
26、 in the face of unprecedented urbanization. （分数：17.50）_专业八级分类模拟 377 答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：30.00)What is Art?. Different Opinions on Art Art makes us more thoughtful and 1 people a) Graphics on video game b) Makes us laugh or inci
27、tes us to riot c) An outlet to be creative and to 2 d) Gives us a sense of purpose Art is functional and 3 Desk, table, shoes, coffee cup, other 4 Art is in 5 ; no one could decide what it is a) The former statement is true b) The latter comment is not Art is 6 and means differently to everyone a) t
28、oo broad and elusive to define art b) lots of references to cite . What Is Art 7 a) Elements of art Colour Value Space 8 b) 9 Balance Contrast 10 Proportion c) 11 Canvas Brushes 12 Content a) Artist“s 13 b) Artist“s actual message c) Viewers“ 14 d) Religion e) Political and social influences f) Hist
29、orial 15 g) Artist“s use of hallucinogenic substances （分数：30.00）解析：well-rounded 听力原文 What is Art?Good morning, everyone. Today, we will begin our lecture series about art. The very first topic of our discussion is “what is art?“ My talk today will be divided into two parts. In the first part of my t
30、alk, I will cite some of the opinions on what art is. In the second half of my talk, I will give you my own understanding about art. First of all, different opinions on art. There are several ways you could go on this, but my suspicion is that one will get you better results than the others. I could
31、 tell you that art plays a large part in making our lives infinitely rich. Imagine, just for a minute, a world without art! You may think “So what?“ but please consider the impact that lack of graphics would have on your favourite video game. Art stimulates different parts of our brains to make us l
32、augh or incite us to riot, with a whole gamut of emotions in between. Art gives us a way to be creative and express ourselves. For some people, art is the entire reason they get out of bed in the morning. You could say “Art is something that makes us more thoughtful and well-rounded humans.“ On the
33、other hand, art is such a large part of our everyday lives that we may hardly even stop to think about it. Look at the desk or table where you are, right this minute. Someone designed that. It is art. Your shoes are art. Your coffee cup is art. All functional design, well done, is art. So, you could
34、 say “Art is something that is both functional and aesthetically pleasing to our eyes.“ Thirdly, some might say “Art is in a constant state of change, so nobody can really pin down what it is.“ The constant change part is true, but the not pinning it down part is not going to hold water. It may even
35、 raise a comment or two about your being some sort of wisenheimer. Don“t go down this route in defining art. Finally, some might even say “Art is subjective, and means something different to every single person on earth.“ This, too, is the truth. I would caution against this comment, however, as it
36、would require a stack of paper from here to the moon to cite all of your 6.8 billion references. The comment on subjectiveness is far too elusive to be interesting to readers and audience. After reviewing four kinds of opinions on art, let me share with you my understanding of art. To my best knowle
37、dge, art is form and content. “Art is form and content“ means: all art consists of these two things. First, form means the elements of art, the principles of design and the actual, physical materials that the artist has used. Form, in this context, is concrete and fairly easily describedno matter wh
38、ich piece of art is under scrutiny. Suppose you are discussing Goya“s works The Shootings . You may say: “One haft of all art is form. Here is how Goya“s The Shootings of May Third, 1808 fits in.“ You would then go on to provide details about how Goya used color, value, space and line. That“s the el
39、ements of art. You then could mention the balance, contrast, emphasis and proportion he used. That“s the principles of design. What“s more, you could say: “He composed the aforementioned elements and principles on canvas, using brushes and oil paints“. That“s the physical materials. The example just
40、 given employed a work of Western art, and was written in English. It doesn“t take much of a leap in imagination, though, to understand that the concepts behind “form“ could be applied to any piece of art, created anywhere on earth, at any time, using any language. With that, we have successfully co
41、vered “form.“ Content, now, gets a little trickier. Content is idea-based and means what the artist meant to portray, what the artist actually did portray and how we react, as individuals, to both the messages meant to convey and that were actually conveyed by the artist. Additionally, content inclu
42、des ways in which a work was influenced by religion, or politics, or society in general, or even the artist“s use of hallucinogenic substances at the time it was created. All of these factors, together, make up the content side of art. Returning to the Goya example, you might comment on the fact tha
43、t the shootings were an actual event. Napoleon had invaded Spain, at the time, and subjected it to six years of war and revolution. That“s political and social influences. There had been a revolt by citizens of Madrid, and they were summarily executed. That“s the historical context. Goya, obviously,
44、 didn“t think this was good and recorded the stark horror for all posterity. He was successful at conveying that which he meant to convey. We react to the painting in our different ways, usually with mixed feeling of revulsion, anger and sorrow. Again, we are discussing content using one picture as
45、an example, but the same parameters apply to any piece of art. That“s my best answer to “what is art“ then. The first four points are applicable with infinite variations, up to, and including, “The way my girlfriend puts on her eye shadow is art.“ When you are asked “what is art“ in the future, just
46、 be sure that includes “Art is form and content.“ You can certainly think of some great examples using works of art that you know and/or enjoy. And with that, let“s call it a day. Next time, we shall discuss the brief history of art. 解析 此题考查人们对艺术的不同看法。第一种观点是“艺术使我们思考得更加有深度和发展得更加全面”。因此本题填入 well-rounde
47、d。解析：express ourselves解析 本题考查“艺术让我们成为更富有思想、更全面的人”的种种表现。讲座提到，艺术赋予我们一个方式来创新和表达自我。这里缺的是 express ourselves。解析：aesthetically pleasing解析 此题考查人们对艺术的第二种看法，即“艺术是具有功能性的，同时也给我们的眼睛带来审美上的愉悦”。所以此空填入 aesthetically pleasing。解析：functional design解析 讲座中提到：桌子、鞋、咖啡杯，以及所有的实用设计，都是艺术。因此，这里填 functional design。解析：constant ch
48、ange解析 此题考查的还是人们对艺术的不同看法。演讲人谈到的第三种观点是“因为艺术一直在变化，所以没有人能确定艺术是什么”。空格处缺少的是 constant change。解析：subjective解析 本题考查的是第四种观点，即认为“艺术是主观的，地球上每个人的看法都不尽相同”。因此，这里填 subjective。解析：Form解析 讲座提到，艺术包含两种东西，一个是形式，另一个是内容。本题考查艺术的第一个方面形式。因此本题填入 Form。解析：Line解析 演讲人接着列举了戈雅的作品，并说到“可以从颜色、明暗度、空间和线条来描述作品，这些就是艺术的要素”。因此，这里填 Line。解析：P
49、rinciples of design解析 此题考查艺术形式的第二个方面，即“设计原则”。设计原则包括均衡和谐、对比度、强调和比例。因此本题填入 Principles of design。解析：Emphasis解析 演讲人谈及了艺术形式里面的设计原则的具体内容：均衡和谐、对比度、突出程度和比例。因此，这里填 Emphasis。解析：Physical materials解析 原文接下来说的是实体材料，即 Physical materials。解析：Oil paints解析 录音提到艺术所需的三个实体材料：画布，油刷和油漆。故此题填入 Oil paints。注意 paint 要使用名词复数形式。解析：inte
