1、专业八级分类模拟 375及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Subfields of LinguisticsThe overlapping interests between the field of linguistics and other disciplines create several 1 of linguistics. . Sociolinguistics Focusing on patterns and 2 in l
2、anguage within a society or community Examining the way people use language to 3 in society and to achieve 4 . 5 Studying language processing and its interaction with 6 mental processes, for instance, studies of children“s language acquisition and SLA . Computational Linguistics Using computers in a
3、nalyzing languages, stylistic studies and 7 , bringing forth machine translation systems and machines that 8 and produce speech and text . 8 Employing linguistic theory and methods to improve SLA 10 , especially focusing on motivation, 11 , learning style and personality . 12 Linguistics Examining t
4、he relationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have 13 over time . Philosophical Linguistics Examining the philosophy of language, with one major concern to analyze the 14 of possible word order combinations . Neurolinguistics Studying how language is 15 and repre
5、sented in the brain （分数：30.00）三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：2，分数：25.00)（分数：5.00）A.Three months.B.Almost a year.C.Half a year.D.Three years.A.I“m happy.B.I felt sad and depressed.C.I enjoyed my life.D.Only yes or no.A.54 seconds.B.45 seconds.C.40.5 seconds.D.14.5 seconds.A.It is an architectural phrase.B
6、.It is an ancient phrase.C.It is an accidental phrase.D.It is an archaic phrase.A.Almost none of these people are directly affected by the hurricane.B.It“s surprising that people would react strongly to Katrina.C.Their happiness dipped down for a month or two.D.Their happiness didn“t come back to no
7、rmal.（分数：20.00）A.English Literature.B.Computer.C.Business Administration.D.Finance.A.He changed his major in his postgraduate study.B.He participated in training programs after graduating from college.C.He had worked at least in two companies before this interview.D.He started working in a foreign r
8、epresentative office two years ago.A.Because the working environment was poor.B.Because the job was boring.C.Because the pay was rather low.D.Because he disliked his employer.A.To pursue personal interests.B.To make both ends meet.C.To improve the quality of family life.D.To realize individual value
9、.A.Enthusiastic.B.Perseverant.C.Eloquent.D.Cooperative.四、PART LANGUAGE USAG(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Contrary to what many people think, depression is not a normal part of growing older. Or is it harder to treat in older people. 1 But it is often harder to recognize and harder to get patients accept 2 and con
10、tinue with treatment. “Most people think sadness is a hallmark of depression,“ Bruce said. “Hence more often in older people it“s anhedonia 3 they“re not enjoying life. They“re irritable and cranky.“ She added: “Many older people desperate over the quality of their lives at the 4 end of life. If the
11、y have a functional ability or serious medical 5 illness, it may make it harder to notice depression in older people.“ Family members, friends and medical personnel must take 6 seriously when an older person says “Life is not worth live,“ “I 7 don“t see any point in living,“ “I“d be better off dead“
12、 or “My family would be better off if I died,“ the experts emphasized. “Listen carefully, empathize and help the person get evaluated for treatment or into treatment,“ Brown urged. He warned that “depressed older adults tend to have few symptoms“ than younger 8 adults who are depressed. The ideal ap
13、proach, of course, is to prevent depression in the first place. Brown recommended that older adults structured their 9 days by maintaining a regular cycle and planning activities that “give them pleasure, purpose and a reason for living.“ He suggested “social activities of any typejoining a book clu
14、b or bowling league, going to a senior center or gym, taking courses at a local college, hanging on out at the coffee shop.“ 10 Bruce suggests taking up a new interest like painting or needlework or volunteering at a place of worship, school or museum. Brown explains that any activity the person is
15、able to do can help to prevent depression and silly ideas of killing oneself.（分数：25.00）五、PART TRANSLATION(总题数：1，分数：12.50)1.经过了几千年缓慢的各代人都几乎觉察不到的发展之后，城市正在突然迅速地向四面八方扩展开来。中国现在的城市人口每年以 7%的速度在增长，而在大城市里则达到每年增长 10%。仅举一个可以看得见的城市加速扩展的例子，上海目前每小时要增加十栋楼房和一百平方米的马路，且这个速度近几年并不会减慢。随着农村面积的逐步缩小，绝大多数人口正在向市区迁移，我们正在向城市化的
16、社会发展。 （分数：12.50）_六、PART WRITING(总题数：1，分数：17.50)2.题目要求：Studying abroad is increasingly popular for students, with tens of thousands of Chinese high school students going abroad for their education each year. Yet, there exists a debate among experts, families and schools on whether high school graduat
17、es should study overseas. Is it beneficial for high school students to study overseas? The following are opinions from different sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from different sides; 2. give your co
18、mment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow, the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Students Joe Roma of Ayusa: Everything from your exams to your host family“s rules might be drastically different from
19、what you are used to at home. Add a new language and customs to the mix, and suddenly everyday tasks can seem daunting. The reality of what it truly means to fully immerse oneself in a culture that has very different values, communication styles, world views and language differences can be very chal
20、lenging for a young person. Yvonne: The cost of living may be higher. If you“re studying in a major city, in Western Europe, or in a country where the currency exchange rate is unfavorable to the dollar, the cost of living will be relatively high. Things such as food, rent, and the Internet will cos
21、t more than they do at borne, which means you“ll be paying even more out of pocket just by living overseas. You can find coupons through sites like SumoCoupon and other deals at your home-away-from-home, but be sure to overestimate your study abroad budget to make sure you“ll have enough money to ge
22、t by. A Chinese student: Your education will be more meaningful. It“s one thing to read about distant places in a textbook, it“s something else entirely to actually go there and learn about them in person. For instance, learning about the construction of the Great Wall of China from a history textbo
23、ok simply can“t compare to walking along the wall with a knowledgeable tour guide. To fully understand why other cultures are different, studying abroad programs allow you to go beyond the classroom and discover the context for yourself. Experts and teachers A Chinese expert: Studying overseas is de
24、emed risky for youngsters“ normal development, and may not contribute significantly to their future career success. Also, it will most certainly put an inordinate financial burden on them and their families. A teacher from China: It is very important for high school students to study abroad. It give
25、s them a more open approach to how other countries operate and they can learn something new they“ve never learned before. There are so many benefits from studying abroad that I don“t even know where to begin. First and foremost, the students will be able to learn more about a certain group of people
26、 or culture. Ms. Zhang, a teacher from Shanghai: You will grow as a person. When you are studying in another country, you have a very unique situation. You“re in an unfamiliar place that does things completely different than you used to. You will be able to experience a culture very different from y
27、our own, and you will be exposed to more different people and different ways of doing things. You will test habits and preconceived notions that you have held all your life that you did not even know existed before you saw a whole group of people doing something totally different from what you used
28、to. （分数：17.50）_专业八级分类模拟 375答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Subfields of LinguisticsThe overlapping interests between the field of linguistics and other disciplines create several 1 of linguistics. . Sociolinguistics Focusing on patte
29、rns and 2 in language within a society or community Examining the way people use language to 3 in society and to achieve 4 . 5 Studying language processing and its interaction with 6 mental processes, for instance, studies of children“s language acquisition and SLA . Computational Linguistics Using
30、computers in analyzing languages, stylistic studies and 7 , bringing forth machine translation systems and machines that 8 and produce speech and text . 8 Employing linguistic theory and methods to improve SLA 10 , especially focusing on motivation, 11 , learning style and personality . 12 Linguisti
31、cs Examining the relationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have 13 over time . Philosophical Linguistics Examining the philosophy of language, with one major concern to analyze the 14 of possible word order combinations . Neurolinguistics Studying how language i
32、s 15 and represented in the brain （分数：30.00）解析：cross-disciplinary fields 听力原文 Subfields of LinguisticsGood morning, we“ll continue our talk on linguistics. Last time we have got a general concept about linguistics. The scientific study of language is concerned with as well as the two main branches o
33、f linguistics: descriptive linguistics and comparative linguistics. With these as workout, today“s focus is on the subfields of linguistics. As we know, the field of linguistics both borrows from and lends its own theories and methods to other disciplines. Many subfields of linguistics have expanded
34、 our understanding of languages. Linguistic theories and methods are also used in other fields of study. These overlapping interests have led to the creation of several cross-disciplinary fields, namely sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, applied linguistics, anthropologi
35、cal linguistics, philosophical linguistics and neurolinguistics. Let“s start with sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics is the study of patterns and variations in language within a society or community. It focuses on the way people use language to express social class, group status, gender, or ethnicit
36、y, and it looks at how they make choices about the form of language they use. It also examines the way people use language to negotiate their roles in society and to achieve positions of power. For example, sociolinguistic studies have found that the way a New Yorker pronounces the phoneme /r/ in an
37、 expression such as “fourth floor“ can indicate the person“s social class. According to one study, people aspiring to move from the lower middle class to the upper middle class attach prestige to pronouncing the /r/. Sometimes they even overcorrect their speech, pronouncing an /r/ where those whom t
38、hey wish to copy may not. Some sociolinguists believe that analyzing such variables as the use of a particular phoneme can predict the direction of language change. Change, they say, moves toward the variable associated with power, prestige, or other quality having high social value. Other socioling
39、uists focus on what happens when speakers of different languages interact. This approach to language change emphasizes the way languages mix rather than the direction of change within a community. The goal of sociolinguistics is to understand communicative competencewhat people need to know to use t
40、he appropriate language for a given social setting. Next comes psycholinguistics, which merges the fields of psychology and linguistics to study how people process language and how language use is related to underlying mental processes. Studies of children“s language acquisition and of second-langua
41、ge acquisition are psycholinguistic in nature. Psycholinguists work to develop models for how language is processed and understood, using evidence from studies of what happens when these processes go awry. Thirdly, computational linguistics. Computational linguistics involves the use of computers to
42、 compile linguistic data, analyze languages, translate from one language to another, and develop and test models of language processing. Linguists use computers and large samples of actual language to analyze the relatedness and the structure of languages and to look for patterns and similarities. C
43、omputers also aid in stylistic studies, information retrieval, various forms of textual analysis, and the construction of dictionaries and concordances. Applying computers to language studies has resulted in machine translation systems and machines that recognize and produce speech and text. Such ma
44、chines facilitate communication with humans, including those who are perceptually or linguistically impaired. The fourth subfield is called applied linguistics. Applied linguistics employs linguistic theory and methods to improve overall efficacy in teaching and learning a second language. Linguists
45、 look at the errors people make as they learn another language and at their strategies for communicating in the new language at different degrees of competence. In seeking to understand what happens in the mind of the learner, applied linguists recognize that motivation, attitude, learning style, an
46、d personality affect how well a person learns another language. The fifth is anthropological linguistics. It is also known as linguistic anthropology, which uses linguistic approaches to analyze culture. Anthropological linguists examine the relationship between a culture and its language, the way c
47、ultures and languages have changed over time, and how different cultures and languages are related to one another. For example, the present English use of family and given names arose in the late 13th and early 14th centuries when the laws concerning registration, tenure, and inheritance of property
48、 were changed. Coming up next is philosophical linguistics. Philosophical linguistics examines the philosophy of language. Philosophers of language search for the grammatical principles and tendencies that all human languages share. Among the concerns of linguistic philosophers is the range of possi
49、ble word order combinations throughout the world. One finding is that 95 percent of the world“s languages use a subject-verb-object (SVO) order as English does (“She pushed the table.“). Only 5 percent use a subject-object-verb (SOV) order or verb-subject-object (VSO) order. Finally, let“s refer to the neurolinguistics. Neurolinguistics is the study of how language is processed and represen
