1、专业八级分类模拟 374及答案解析(总分：54.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LANGUAGE USAG(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The American medical school is now well along in the second century of its history. It began, but for many years continued to 1 exist, as a supplement for the apprenticeship system still in vogue 2 during the 17th and 18th cen
2、turies. The likely youth of this period, 3 destined to a medical career, was at an early age indentured to some reputable practitioner, whom his service was successively menial, 4 pharmaceutical, and professional; he ran his master“s errands, washed the bottles, mixed the drugs, spread the plasters,
3、 and finally, while the stipulated term drew toward its close, actually 5 took a part in the daily practice of his preceptorbleeding his 6 patients, pulling their teeth, and obeying hurried summons in the night. The quality of the training varied within large limits with the capacity and conscientio
4、usness of the master. Ambitious spirits sought, therefore, a more assured and inspired discipline. 7 Beginning early in the 18th century, having served their time at home, they resorted in rapidly increasing numbers in the hospitals 8 and lecture halls of Leyden, Paris, London, and Edinburgh. The di
5、fficulty of the undertaking proved admirably selective; for the students who crossed the Atlantic gave a good account of themselves. Return to their native land, they sought opportunities to 9 share with their less fortunate or less adventurous fellows, the rich experience gained as they “walked the
6、 hospitals“ of the old world. The voices of the great masters of that day thus reechoed in the recent western wilderness. High scientific and professional ideals impelled the youthful enthusiasts, who bore their lighting torches 10 safely back across the waters.（分数：25.00）二、PART TRANSLATION(总题数：1，分数：
7、12.50)1.设计者和匠师们因地制宜，自出心裁，修建成功的园林当然各各不同。可是苏州各个园林在不同之中有个共同点，似乎设计者和匠师们一致追求的是：务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅完美的图画。为了达到这个目的，他们讲究亭台轩榭的布局，讲究假山池沼的配合，讲究花草树木的映衬，讲究近景远景的层次。总之，一切都要为构成完美的图画而存在，决不容许有欠美伤美的败笔。他们惟愿游览者得到“如在画图中”的美感，而他们的成绩实现了他们的愿望，游览者来到园里，没有一个不心里想着口头说着“如在画图中”的。 （分数：12.50）_三、PART WRITING(总题数：1，分数：16.50)2.题目要求：Co
8、uld introducing disincentives to fat consumption curb the obesity epidemic? Should a flat tax on food items high (in excess of 20% of the daily requirements) on saturated fats, salt and sugar be implemented? The following are opinions from different sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your
9、response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Finlesh Th
10、e obesity epidemic is taking an enormous toll on global medical costs. In the US, alone the health care costs attributable to either direct or indirect consequences of obesity have been estimated at $147bn. Put into context, this amounts to roughly 9% of the health spending in the US. Thus, it becom
11、es increasingly clear that due to the substantial cost obesity presents to the society, individual choices that might lead to excessive weight gain, can no longer be considered as solely individual in nature. Therefore, the government makes its action legal by introducing a form of a flat tax in ord
12、er to dissuade the population from becoming obese and cover the increasing societal costs that the obese individuals are responsible for. Tiffin Other than the economic reasons for such behavior, it could be argued that it is also a thing of habit and culture: fast fatty food is quick, accessible an
13、d tasty. Thus while a tax might be useful in reducing things such as the use of cigaretteswhich are at heart an unnecessary “luxury“ and thus more easily affected by the priceeating food, whether junk or not, is necessary. It also seems that the kind of fast fatty food is fulfilling a specific need,
14、 a need for a quick, tasty and filling meal, something people consider worth paying good money for. Altman There is ample precedent in the form of other “sin“ taxes. A sin tax refers to fees tacked on to popular vices like drinking, gambling and smoking. Given the success achieved with uprooting thi
15、s societal vice, which on a number of counts is similar to the unhealthy food one, we should employ this tried and true strategy to combat the obesity epidemic. Wilkinson A flat tax infringes on individual choice. Protecting the individual should go no further than the protection against the actions
16、 of a third person. For instance, we can all agree that the government should put measures in place to protect us from thieves. But should it also protect us from frivolous spending? Limit us in the number of credit cards we can own? Tell us how we can invest our money? Burns A flat tax levels out t
17、he playing field for healthier food. An important reason why people continuously turn to unhealthy fat, sugar and salt laden food, is the simple fact that it“s often cheaper than a more wholesome meal comprised at least in part of fresh produce. Thus it is only reasonable to levy a tax against unhea
18、lthy, fatty food in order to give healthy food a fighting chance. Stracansky It hits the most vulnerable part of the society hardest. The practical consequence of an additional tax on what the government considers fatty unhealthy food will disproportionately affect the poorest part of the population
19、, who often turn to such food due to economic constraints. People keep turning to junk food simply because they are poor and cannot afford the more expensive fresh produce. （分数：16.50）_专业八级分类模拟 374答案解析(总分：54.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LANGUAGE USAG(总题数：1，分数：25.00)The American medical school is now well alo
20、ng in the second century of its history. It began, but for many years continued to 1 exist, as a supplement for the apprenticeship system still in vogue 2 during the 17th and 18th centuries. The likely youth of this period, 3 destined to a medical career, was at an early age indentured to some reput
21、able practitioner, whom his service was successively menial, 4 pharmaceutical, and professional; he ran his master“s errands, washed the bottles, mixed the drugs, spread the plasters, and finally, while the stipulated term drew toward its close, actually 5 took a part in the daily practice of his pr
22、eceptorbleeding his 6 patients, pulling their teeth, and obeying hurried summons in the night. The quality of the training varied within large limits with the capacity and conscientiousness of the master. Ambitious spirits sought, therefore, a more assured and inspired discipline. 7 Beginning early
23、in the 18th century, having served their time at home, they resorted in rapidly increasing numbers in the hospitals 8 and lecture halls of Leyden, Paris, London, and Edinburgh. The difficulty of the undertaking proved admirably selective; for the students who crossed the Atlantic gave a good account
24、 of themselves. Return to their native land, they sought opportunities to 9 share with their less fortunate or less adventurous fellows, the rich experience gained as they “walked the hospitals“ of the old world. The voices of the great masters of that day thus reechoed in the recent western wildern
25、ess. High scientific and professional ideals impelled the youthful enthusiasts, who bore their lighting torches 10 safely back across the waters.（分数：25.00）解析：butand解析 连词误用。该句意思是“它开始存在，并且在很多年里持续存在。”前后分句之间不是转折关系，而是顺承关系，故将连词 but改为 and。解析：forto解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。该句意思是“作为对学徒制度的补充。”a supplement to为固定搭配，意为“对的补充
26、”，故将介词 for改为 to。解析：thisthat解析 代词误用。由于上文中阐述的是 17世纪和 18世纪的事情，因此该处指的是“那个年代”，是远指，故将代词 this改为 that。解析：whomto解析 介词缺失。该句意思是“对于执业医生来说，他的服务是。”此处为定语从句，先行词是 practitioner“执业医生”，根据语义，关系词前缺少介词，故在 whom前加上 to。解析：whileas解析 从句引导词错误。该句意思是“随着规定的期限将要截止，他才真正开始从事其指导医师所做的日常医务工作。”while 强调同时性或某时间段内一种情况发生时另一种情况出现，与延续性动词连用；whe
27、n 可与延续或非延续性动词连用，强调“当时，这时”之意；as 强调同时性，指一件事情发生，另一件事情立刻发生。该处时间状语从句连词翻译成“随着”，因此将 while改为as。解析：a a 解析 冠词冗余。该句意思是“他才真正开始从事他的指导医师所做的日常医务工作。”take part in 意为“参与，参加”，是固定搭配，不需要冠词，故将 a去掉。解析：inspiredinspiring解析 词义混淆。该句意思是“因此，有雄心壮志的人寻求一种更有把握且鼓舞人心的训练”。该处形容词修饰名词 discipline，应该用 inspiring“鼓舞人心的，令人鼓舞的”，inspired意为“有灵感的
28、，受鼓舞的”，一般形容人，故将 inspired改为 inspiring。解析：第一个 into解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。该句意思是“在国内服务一段时间后，他们中有越来越多的人前往莱顿、巴黎、伦敦及爱丁堡的医院和演讲厅。”resort 和介词 to构成固定搭配，意为“诉诸于，常去”，故将 in改为 to。解析：ReturnReturning解析 动词形式错误。该句意思是“回到了他们的祖国，他们就”。该处是非谓语动词结构作状语，且表示主动，动词应该用现在分词形式，故将 Return改为 Returning。解析：lightinglighted解析 非谓语动词误用。该句意思是“他们手持着点亮的火
29、把安全地。”动词 light和 touch之间是动宾关系，应该用过去分词形式，故将 lighting改为 lighted。二、PART TRANSLATION(总题数：1，分数：12.50)1.设计者和匠师们因地制宜，自出心裁，修建成功的园林当然各各不同。可是苏州各个园林在不同之中有个共同点，似乎设计者和匠师们一致追求的是：务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅完美的图画。为了达到这个目的，他们讲究亭台轩榭的布局，讲究假山池沼的配合，讲究花草树木的映衬，讲究近景远景的层次。总之，一切都要为构成完美的图画而存在，决不容许有欠美伤美的败笔。他们惟愿游览者得到“如在画图中”的美感，而他们的成绩实
30、现了他们的愿望，游览者来到园里，没有一个不心里想着口头说着“如在画图中”的。 （分数：12.50）_正确答案：()解析：Various Suzhou gardens share a similarity, that is the designers and craftsmen seem to be consistent in their pursuit in making sure that travelers, no matter where they are in the garden, be provided with a perfect painting. To reach this
31、goal, they pay great attention to the layout of buildings such as pavilions and windowed verandas, the arrangement of rockworks and ponds, the matching of different plants, and the patterning of long shots and close-ups. In a word, all elements work together to form an ideal picture and no flaw is a
32、llowed.三、PART WRITING(总题数：1，分数：16.50)2.题目要求：Could introducing disincentives to fat consumption curb the obesity epidemic? Should a flat tax on food items high (in excess of 20% of the daily requirements) on saturated fats, salt and sugar be implemented? The following are opinions from different side
33、s. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instruct
34、ions may result in a loss of marks. Finlesh The obesity epidemic is taking an enormous toll on global medical costs. In the US, alone the health care costs attributable to either direct or indirect consequences of obesity have been estimated at $147bn. Put into context, this amounts to roughly 9% of
35、 the health spending in the US. Thus, it becomes increasingly clear that due to the substantial cost obesity presents to the society, individual choices that might lead to excessive weight gain, can no longer be considered as solely individual in nature. Therefore, the government makes its action le
36、gal by introducing a form of a flat tax in order to dissuade the population from becoming obese and cover the increasing societal costs that the obese individuals are responsible for. Tiffin Other than the economic reasons for such behavior, it could be argued that it is also a thing of habit and cu
37、lture: fast fatty food is quick, accessible and tasty. Thus while a tax might be useful in reducing things such as the use of cigaretteswhich are at heart an unnecessary “luxury“ and thus more easily affected by the priceeating food, whether junk or not, is necessary. It also seems that the kind of
38、fast fatty food is fulfilling a specific need, a need for a quick, tasty and filling meal, something people consider worth paying good money for. Altman There is ample precedent in the form of other “sin“ taxes. A sin tax refers to fees tacked on to popular vices like drinking, gambling and smoking.
39、 Given the success achieved with uprooting this societal vice, which on a number of counts is similar to the unhealthy food one, we should employ this tried and true strategy to combat the obesity epidemic. Wilkinson A flat tax infringes on individual choice. Protecting the individual should go no f
40、urther than the protection against the actions of a third person. For instance, we can all agree that the government should put measures in place to protect us from thieves. But should it also protect us from frivolous spending? Limit us in the number of credit cards we can own? Tell us how we can i
41、nvest our money? Burns A flat tax levels out the playing field for healthier food. An important reason why people continuously turn to unhealthy fat, sugar and salt laden food, is the simple fact that it“s often cheaper than a more wholesome meal comprised at least in part of fresh produce. Thus it
42、is only reasonable to levy a tax against unhealthy, fatty food in order to give healthy food a fighting chance. Stracansky It hits the most vulnerable part of the society hardest. The practical consequence of an additional tax on what the government considers fatty unhealthy food will disproportiona
43、tely affect the poorest part of the population, who often turn to such food due to economic constraints. People keep turning to junk food simply because they are poor and cannot afford the more expensive fresh produce. （分数：16.50）_正确答案：()解析：范文 Should a Flat Tax on Food Items High on Saturated Fats,Sa
44、lt and Sugar Be Implemented?Overweight and obesity are the fifth leading risk for global deaths. Concerns about the long-term health consequences of being overweight have ignited a debate about flat tax that levies on the food items high on saturated fats, salt and sugar. In fact, the policy is of n
45、o validity in that it neglects the hidden need for fast fatty food, without the adequate education of a more significant healthy lifestyle. Those who support the policy propose the legitimate reason of the tax for reducing the public burden of the immense health costs linked to a choice to consume a
46、 fat product, the given effectiveness of the tried and true strategy of “sin“ tax, and the more competitive edge of healthier food with the more tax cost upon the fat food. Nonetheless, others note that the consumption of fast fatty food is related to habit and culture, what is worse, the levying on
47、 fat food could infringe the divine individual choices and struck hardest the groups of lower socioeconomic status. Indeed, policymakers shall take into account the complex validity of the sheer act of taxing as well as the justification. To begin with, the tax on fat food has not paid due respect f
48、or the complicated factors beneath the fast fatty food habit, which traditionally is involved with geography, ecosystem and culture. For instance, due to the cold weather, northern dishes in China are relatively oily and fatty, and the use of sauce and flavors tends to be popular. The coerced and compelling measure of collecting duties would avoid the paramount introduction of a healthy lifestyle, which with a growing body of evidence is linked with a balanced an
