1、专业八级分类模拟 344 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：6，分数：100.00)1.题目要求：The relationship between personal liberty and social obligation has been an old topic since ancient times. In the following excerpt, the author lists the traits of both sides. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response
2、in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the traits of both sides; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. A stout old lady
3、was walking down the middle of a street in Petrograd to the great confusion of the traffic and with no small peril to herself. It was pointed out to her that the pavement was the place for pedestrians, but she replied: “I“m going to walk where I like. We“ve got liberty now. “ It did not occur to the
4、 dear old lady that if liberty entitled the pedestrian to walk down the middle of the road, then the end of such liberty would be universal chaos. Everybody would be getting in everybody else“s way and nobody would get anywhere. Individual liberty would have become social anarchy. There is a danger
5、of the world getting liberty-drunk in these days like the old lady, and it is just as well to remind ourselves of what the rule of the road means. It means that in order that the liberties of all may be preserved, the liberties of everybody must be curtailed. When the policeman, say, at Piccadilly C
6、ircus steps into the middle of the road and puts out his hand, he is the symbol not of tyranny, but of liberty. You may not think so. You may, being in a hurry, and seeing your car pulled up by this insolence of officer, feel that your liberty has been outraged. How dare this fellow interfere with y
7、our free use of the public highway? Then, if you are a reasonable person, you will reflect that if he did not interfere with you, he would interfere with no one, and the result would be that Piccadilly Circus would be a maelstrom that you would never cross at all. You have submitted to a curtailment
8、 of private liberty in order that you may enjoy a social order which makes your liberty a reality. Liberty is not a personal affair only, but a social contract. It is an accommodation of interests. In matters which do not touch anybody else“s liberty, of course, I may be as free as I like. If I choo
9、se to go down the road in a dressing-gown, who shall say me nay? You have liberty to laugh at me, but I have liberty to be indifferent to you. And if I have a fancy for dyeing my hair, or wearing an overcoat and sandals, I shall follow my fancy and ask no man“s permission. In all these you and I ple
10、ase ourselves and ask no one“s leave. We have a whole kingdom in which we rule alone, can do what we choose, be wise or ridiculous, harsh or easy, conventional or odd. But directly we step out of that kingdom, our personal liberty of action becomes qualified by other people“s liberty. I might like t
11、o practice the trombone from midnight till three in the morning. If I went on to the top of Everest to do it, I could please myself, but if I do it in my bedroom my family will object, and if I do it out in the streets, the neighbors will remind me that my liberty to blow the trombone must not inter
12、fere with their liberty to sleep in quiet. There are a lot of people in the world, and I have to accommodate my liberty to theirs“. We are all liable to forget this, and unfortunately we are much more conscious of the imperfections of others in this respect than of our own. A reasonable consideratio
13、n for the rights or feelings of others is the foundation of social conduct. （分数：16.50）_2.题目要求：The debate about whether food and drinks should be permitted on subways has been raging in China for a long time. In some cities, such as Shanghai and Wuhan, passengers are not allowed to eat or drink on su
14、bways and violators may face fines. What do you think of it? The following are opinions from different sides. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions on the issue; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awar
15、ded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. The Shanghai Municipal Transport and Port Authority is asking passengers to avoid eating while riding, but also to refrain from other behavior th
16、at could annoy their fellow travelers. The new measure covers skating in stations, carrying super-size luggage, smoking and a host of other acts. It was approved in December and took effect on Jan. 1. Of all the topics, eating was the most controversial. After heated debate about whether a ban shoul
17、d be written into regional regulations, which carry the force of law and include penalties, the authorities compromised. As enacted, the new rule asks passengers to avoid eating in train cars as a matter of courtesy to others. It does not require them to refrain, nor is any penalty imposed for nonco
18、mpliance. Eating inside subway stations was not banned. Nationwide, cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Nanjing have enacted similar rules to ban eating in subway cars. Wuhan, capital of Hubei Province, is the only city so far to use a regional law to clamp down on the practice. In Shanghai, a ran
19、dom survey by China Daily on Thursday morning found that people were largely unaware of the new guideline, though many said they were willing to abide by it. Not everyone thought it was a good idea. “Society should be more tolerant of those having to eat on the train,“ said Wu Fangcheng, 27, an IT c
20、ompany employee who was having bread and milk inside the Changshu Road station on Line 1. He said he preferred to spend more time sleeping in the morning, even if that meant crunching his time for breakfast. But the arrangement is less than ideal. “If possible, who would not sit down with their love
21、d ones to have a decent breakfast? It“s not comfortable to eat in a swaying train,“ he said. Another passenger, who was having a sandwich and yogurt on Line 7, said he was not aware of the rule but would like to follow it. Bert Quintens, a tourist from Belgium, said he doesn“t find eating by fellow
22、passengers offensive. “In Belgium, eating on public transportation is also prohibited, but people keep ignoring the rule,“ he said. “Nobody would stop them, and it is very hard to do so. I think it is acceptable as long as you don“t leave any garbage.“ A dispatch operator at the Changshu Road statio
23、n, surnamed Yang, said on Thursday that he will intervene to block some discourteous acts in the subway such as smoking or boarding with a pet, but he will not step into a car to stop someone from eating. Shanghai Shentong Metro Group, the sole operator of the city“s subway network, gave no specific
24、 directions as to enforcement of the new rule, Yang said. “It is OK as long as no one complains about it.“ Wu Junshang, a manager of passenger service at the Shanghai Metro Operation Management Center, said the no-eating rule may not be very effective since it is not compulsory. At the same time, it
25、 would hard to enforce if it is included in the regional law, Wu said. Qian Zhaocheng, a commentator, said authorities should consider the needs of different groups of passengers. He does not support a law that reaches too farsuch as a broad ban on eating in subway carshe said. “It“s not people“s ow
26、n choice,“ he said. “The great pressure of living requires many people to spend their dining time on the subway.“ （分数：16.50）_3.题目要求：The rude antics of some Chinese tourists have embarrassed many in the country, and sparked debate about how the government could discourage bad behavior. What“s your id
27、ea towards this issue? The following are opinions from different people. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, o
28、rganization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Sivarnee (China) Not every Chinese tourist is a rude one, and educated people are usually better behaved than those who have had a lower standard of education. This could be why the middle-aged
29、or older tourists who have been deprived of or received little education tend to act more unruly. Many of them do not speak English, and some are not fluent putonghua speakers. Their knowledge of the destination country and its culture is often at best outdated or non-existent. Michael (the US) Like
30、 many commentators, I am not convinced that Chinese travelers on the whole behave worse than other groups when traveling abroad. We Yanks, along with our German and Israeli friends, for instance, have long suffered poor reputations when traveling. My personal worst embarrassment for a compatriot hap
31、pened in Rome, where I witnessed a loud American in a cowboy hat, black socks, and sandals look down at the Roman Forum and say to his wife, “more ruinsif you“ve seen one ruin, you“ve seen them all.“ Chang Jun (the US) As China rises to the second largest economy in the world, Chinese visitors are a
32、lso traveling everywhere including Europe, Australia, Southeast Asia and Latin America. Although destination countries and regions welcome the tourism dollars and the buying power, they are upset with the chaos, hassles and bad behavior some Chinese tourists bring upon their cities. In light of the
33、Chinese tourism boom, some industry insiders believe the government should implement educational programs. For example, mandatory etiquette classes for visitors prior to their departures are encouraged to help them better behave in foreign countries and cultures. Gavin (the UK) As a nation that has
34、quadrupled its income over the last decade, you“re dealing almost exclusively with people who aren“t used to being abroad, and as a consequence, the Chinese don“t particularly know how to holiday. They are seldom to be seen playing beach-bat with the kids, or reading Dan Brown in a sun lounger, beca
35、use they don“t switch off like that. The high-flyers who make it out don“t strictly “do“ downtime. Hence you find them shuffling around beachfronts in packs, wondering what exactly they“re meant to be doing when the answer is right in front of them. They“ve got the money. So they“re going on holiday
36、 “because they can“. Sophie (Australia) Why have the Chinese risen so rapidly to join the ranks of the world“s most boorish tourists? In their defense, they are not the only tourists in the world considered to be rude. Despite all the recent media spotlight on Chinese misbehavior, Americans still ra
37、nk as the world“s worst tourists, according to a recent opinion poll. And Chinese have gained wealth so quickly that they have become thrust into global tourist culture without the time to create guideposts that other nationalities might enjoy. For instance, there is no Chinese equivalent of Lonely
38、Planet, encouraging young Chinese to go explore the world and respect the cultures and communities they enter. In many countries, Chinese are still viewed with suspicion during visa review processes. Chinese tourists always seem to travel in huge packs because joining a tour group makes getting a vi
39、sa easier. （分数：16.50）_4.题目要求：Whether it is called animal testing, animal experimentation or animal research, it refers to the experimentation carried out on animals. It is used to assess the safety and effectiveness of everything from medication to cosmetics, as well as understanding how the human b
40、ody works. While supporters believe it is a necessary practice, those opposed to animal testing believe that it involves the torture and suffering of animals. The following are opinions from two sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. su
41、mmarize briefly the opinions from two sides; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Doctors Ted (the US): Animal testing has improved our medici
42、nes. Animals live in an ecosystem with us. And in an ecosystem, living things interact to survive. Sometimes there are sacrifices made for another species to live. Just like this one. How many of you have ever had medicine before? Everyone, right? Think about before you had that medicine, were you i
43、n pain? Had a fever? Sneezing? Cough or sore throat? Or something even worse? The drugs that you used to cure yourself were tested on animals. Animals will not go extinct because of this. The animals that are used give birth to a big litter of babies and are bred just for this purpose. Everybody say
44、s that testing on animals is not accurate, but look at all the medicine that came out of it. Sally (the UK): It should be tested because we need to stay healthy. If we don“t test it on animals we will not be healthy. And it“s an important part of medical research. We need to make sure human patients
45、 get a safe dose of medication. Patients feel safe if they know that their medications have been tested on animals beforehand. Jessica (Mongolia): Suppose there is some virus spreading over a large area, doctors and scientists are trying their best to invent a drug, and they do so, but without anima
46、l testing the drug is launched in the market. These drugs may have adverse reactions and about billions of people may die from them. Would this be good? The only answer is no. We can“t sacrifice billions of people for just one animal. Zoophilists Susan Borowski (Spain): Animals should not be tested
47、on drugs and medication because it can harm them badly and they might die! These animals are harmless and we are damaging them by testing our stupid products on them. What if they die one day? It will be the scientists“ fault! Animals deserve better care. Laura (the UK): Animals have feelings. It is
48、 just wrong of a person to do this to animals. They have the right to live! Just like us. Why will we take that right away? We are here in this earth to live and not to harm earth creatures. Millions of animals are dying for the cause that they don“t have a fault for. The animals are suffering burns
49、, cancer, blind, force-fed chemicals, and more. Austrorus (India): If people keep doing this, soon animals are going to be extinct. It could affect the world in many ways. And it“s so hard for animals. And people love having animals as pets. We should not use drugs on them! TedM (Russia): Instead of testing it on animals who als
