1、专业八级分类模拟 342及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：7，分数：100.00)1.题目要求：Ubiquitous, addictive and transformative, smartphones become a necessity of our daily lives. Along with the conveniences smartphones bring us, worries about the negative effects of them have never stopped. In the following excer
2、pt, the author gives his views on smartphones. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the author“s opinion; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language qual
3、ity. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Planet of the PhonesThe dawn of the planet of the smartphones came in January 2007, when Steve Jobs, Apple“s chief executive, in front of a rapt audience of Apple acolytes, brandished a slab of plastic, metal and silicon no
4、t much bigger than a Kit Kat. “This will change everything,“ he promised. For once there was no hyperbole. Just eight years later Apple“s iPhone exemplifies the early 21st century“s defining technology. Smartphones matter partly because of their ubiquity. They have become the fastest-selling gadgets
5、 in history, outstripping the growth of the simple mobile phones that preceded them. They outsell personal computers four to one. Today about half the adult population owns smartphones; by 2020, 80% will. Smartphones have also penetrated every aspect of daily life. The average American is buried in
6、one for over two hours every day. Asked which media they would miss most, British teenagers pick mobile devices over TV sets, PCs and games consoles. Nearly 80% of smartphone-owners check messages, news or other services within 15 minutes of getting up. The bedroom is just the beginning. Smartphones
7、 are more than a convenient route online, rather as cars are more than engines on wheels and clocks are not merely a means to count the hours. Much as the car and the clock did in their time, so today the smartphone is poised to enrich lives, reshape entire industries and transform societiesand in w
8、ays that Snap-chatting teenagers cannot begin to imagine. As with all technologies blessed by smartphones, this future conjures up a host of worries. Some, such as “text neck“ (hunching over a smartphone stresses the spine) are surely transient. Others, such as dependencysmartphone users exhibit “no
9、mophobia“ when they happen to find themselves empty-handedare a measure of utility as much as addiction. After all, people also hate to be without their wheels or their watch. The greater fear is over privacy. The smartphone turns the person next to you into a potential publisher of your most privat
10、e or embarrassing moments. Many app vendors, who know a great deal about you, sell data without proper disclosure; mobile-privacy policies routinely rival “Hamlet“ for length. And if leaked documents are correct, GCHQ, Britain“s signals-intelligence agency, has managed to hack a big vendor of SIM ca
11、rds in order to be able to listen in to people“s calls. If spooks in democracies are doing this sort of thing, you can be sure that those in authoritarian regimes will, too. Smartphones will give dictators unprecedented scope to spy on and corral their unwilling subjects. By their nature, seminal te
12、chnologies ask hard questions of society, especially as people adapt to them. Smartphones are no different. If citizens aren“t protected from prying eyes, some will suffer and others turn their backs. Societies will have to develop new norms and companies learn how to balance privacy and profit. Gov
13、ernments will have to define what is acceptable. But in eight short years smartphones have changed the worldand they have hardly begun. （分数：14.00）_2.题目要求：Many parents are wondering whether it is right or wrong to give their child technological gadgets as toys in terms of early childhood development.
14、 What is your idea towards the issue? Read the following article carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the author“s opinion; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language qua
15、lity. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. The use of gadgets such as computers, iPads, smart-phones and video games has become part of the trend and lifestyle of today“s society. Do you know that gadgets have a huge impact on the lives of people including children
16、? The production of gadgets nowadays is just like “mushrooms springing up after the rain“. Along with the advancement of technology and modernity, gadgets have become a necessity for every individual, including children. In fact, a lot of them already know how to use a gadget since a young age. Howe
17、ver, the widespread use of technology has its implication. Despite the overwhelming enthusiasm of the general public in using gadgets, there is a risk associated with their use that may not be realized, especially to children. One of the risks is the effect of the gadget to their mental development.
18、 According to Pengiran Hartini Pengiran Haji Tahir, a clinical psychologist at the Child Development Center, gadgets can actually be used by children, but their time on their gadgets should be limited depending on their age. She added that it is vital for parents to monitor what type of programmes t
19、heir children are using and cited researches that have found that the type of content is crucial. Gadgets should also not be given to children all the time. If parents do not control their usage, it can affect the mental development and cause other adverse effects to their children. She added that i
20、n some cases, parents give their children iPads to help them sleep, but said that this will not help as their child“s brain will be stimulated and thus, cause them to sleep even late. She said that a lot of children that have been referred to are those who have sleeping problems. While gadgets can b
21、e used as learning tools at home or in school, their use still needs to be controlled. Pengiran Hartini Pengiran Haji Tahir advised that if possible, gadgets should only be given to children on weekends or half an hour per day. She added that in a day, children above 3 years old should only be given
22、 a combined time of around 2 hours to watch TV or use their iPads. It should not be more than that as it can affect their mental development. New parents should never give their babies an iPad because at the age of below 2 years old, they are supposed to be interacting and there should be a bonding
23、time with them. As for kids of 3 years of age, their time on their gadgets should be limited, while the programmes they are using as well as their frequency on their gadgets should be monitored. Albeit the excitement of the latest technological advancement especially on more sophisticated gadgets, i
24、t is all up to the user to think of the pros and cons of using the technology. （分数：14.00）_3.题目要求：The rapidly developing technology disturbs the relationship between parents and their children, which is now rated a social problem that we need to pay attention to and guard against. Read the following
25、article carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the research findings; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may resul
26、t in a loss of marks. The increased presence of technology in the daily life of modern children has caused the relationship between parents and their children to be affected. Khan, an educator, did a study on the relationship between the duration of adolescents“ (14 to 18 years old) technology usage
27、 on computer, mobile phone and video games and their relationship with their parents. This research was done in a New York high school on 63 students. These students represent a generation that has been exposed to technology the most throughout their lifetime. It was found that when they spent long
28、time on computers, the closeness towards parents diminished. On the other hand, there was no correlation to be found between the usage of mobile and the closeness with parents as mobile phone is still a way for both parents and their children to communicate. Similarly, another research also has show
29、n that relationship between children and their family members is affected by the amount of time they spend on the Internet. Young (a psychologist) investigated whether any decline and loss of desire for face-to-face communication with their use was related to Internet surfing. The age range (14 to 1
30、8 years old) of this study was controlled because there may be restrictions implied in their use of Internet by parents and also because that generation is being exposed much to technology since birth. Young“s research found that students use the Internet more often, which in turn causes them to spe
31、nd less time with their family. Plus, the desire for face-to-face communication with family members declined when more time was spent on the Internet. Children who spend hours on the Internet will find that there is not much time left for any other types of interaction or bonding time with their fam
32、ily. Consequently, children and their parents as family members will have a poorer relationship instead of being able to maintain a stronger family relationship. On top of that, Lee (a scholar) reported that the use of computer for recreational and communication purposes among 1,312 adolescents from
33、 the United States (age 12 to 18) replaced their time with their parents and Lee“s result had showed “an increase of 1 hour in computer-mediated communication results in a decrease of 2d minutes in time with parents“. Lee“s finding shows a negative correlation between the time spent on computer and
34、on parent-child relationship. However, one drawback that was found in Lee“s study was that she did not consider including the specific type of online activity and also the type of social networking sites. Punamaki, Wallenius, Holtto, Nygard, and Rimpela“s research had shown similarities in their fin
35、dings. Their research was conducted on 478 Finnish children and adolescents from seven schools. The result found that using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for entertainment is related to poor peer and parental relations. In addition, engaging in intensive Internet surfing however was
36、 found to associate with poor maternal relation which is seen most in daughter-mother communication. As there is only 24 hours in a day, the time used on the computer will reduce the time spent on other activities. Thus, the relationship between parents and children are affected by the usage of ICT
37、causing both parents and children to have poor communication with one another, when communication is essential in building a strong parent-child relationship. （分数：14.00）_4.题目要求：The Internet is creating a language evolution at a very fast pace. People on the Internet are paying less attention to gram
38、mar and spelling, and speakers don“t have to worry about their accent as well. Some linguists are saying that English will one day become obsolete as Latin, while others take the changes of language as a natural tendency. The following is an article about how the Internet is changing English. Read t
39、he excerpt carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions in the article; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions
40、may result in a loss of marks. Learn English Online: How the Internet Is Changing the LanguageOnline, English has become a common language for users from around the world. In the process, the language itself is changing. An American Dictionary of the English Language took 18 years to complete and We
41、bster learned 26 other languages in order to research the etymology of its 70,000 entries. The Internet is creating a similar language evolution, but at a much faster pace. Some linguists predict that within 10 years English will dominate the Internetbut in forms very different to what we accept and
42、 recognise as English today. That“s because people who speak English as a second language already outnumber native speakers. And increasingly they use it to communicate with other non-native speakers, particularly on the Internet where less attention is paid to grammar and spelling and users don“t h
43、ave to worry about their accent. “The Internet enfranchises people who are not native speakers to use English in significant and meaningful ways,“ says Naomi Baron, professor of linguistics at American University in Washington DC. “On the Internet, all that matters is that people can communicatenobo
44、dy has a right to tell them what the language should be,“ says Baron. “If you can talk Facebook into putting up pages, you have a language that has political and social standing even if it doesn“t have much in the way of linguistic uniqueness.“ Technology companies are tapping into the new English v
45、ariations with products aimed at enabling users to add words that are not already in the English dictionary. And most large companies have English websites, while smaller businesses are learning that they need a common languageEnglishto reach global customers. “While most people don“t speak English
46、as their first language, there is a special commercial and social role for English driven by modern forms of entertainment,“ says Robert Munro, a computational linguist and head of Idibon, a language technology company in California. “The prevalence of English movies in regions where there is not mu
47、ch technology other than cell phones and DVDs makes English an aspirational language. People think it“s the language of the digital age.“ In previous centuries, the convergence of cultures and trade led to the emergence of pidgina streamlined system of communication that has simple grammatical struc
48、ture, says Michael Ullman, director of research at Georgetown University“s Brain and Language Lab. When the next generation of pidgin speakers begin to add vocabulary and grammar, it becomes a distinct Creole language. “You get different endings, it“s more complex and systematized. Something like th
49、at could be happening to English on the web,“ he says. Take the Hinglish for example. Hinglish is a blend of Hindi, Punjabi, Urdu and English and is so widespread that it“s even being taught to British diplomats. The increasing prevalence of the Internet in everyday life means that language online is not a zero sum game. I
