1、专业八级分类模拟 338 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：6，分数：100.00)1.题目要求：Some Chinese universities are now opening to the public. However, whether university libraries should be open to the public is still a controversial issue. What“s your opinion? Read the excerpts carefully and write your respons
2、e in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions about this issue; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
3、The media The Beijing News: It“s great for university libraries to offer free entry to the public. But at the same time, it will make the management work more difficult and the limited book and space resources in university libraries might be further squeezed. Thus, the government may consider offer
4、ing some subsidies to universities as incentives to encourage more libraries to join the library alliance. However, only depending on universities and the government will not ensure the sustainable development of the free entry policy. Therefore, it“s necessary to absorb some social institutions and
5、 welfare organizations. For example, it“s a good idea to set up a community club that brings together resources of nearby universities and even middle schools. Local residents can use these resources as long as they pay a small sum of money to be members of this club. Community residents should also
6、 have the opportunity to serve as volunteers in university libraries. Guangming Daily: When university libraries offer free entry, it does not mean that readers can enter these libraries without any certificates. People must at least show their ID cards to enter university libraries. On campus, even
7、 for students and teachers in universities, they still need things like student certificates to enter their university libraries. Without basic requirements, university libraries will fall into kind of mess in many aspects. When the public is provided with free entry to university libraries, one str
8、iking problem is that they will surely compete with university students and teachers for the already limited books and space. In this sense, it requires the government to increase inputs in university libraries so that the free entry policy can be well implemented. If libraries find it impossible to
9、 satisfy both students“ and the public“s demands, students should be put first. After all, in China, the purpose of university libraries is to serve students and teachers for their learning, teaching and academic research. The general public Donald: If resources in university libraries are not fully
10、 utilized, it will be a big waste. Some people worry that free entry to these libraries will lead to overcrowded libraries on campus, but this is not certain. Maybe not a single outsider would go to visit university libraries. Nowadays, fewer and fewer people in China are interested in reading books
11、. For example, you can always see people playing games on their cellphones, instead of reading. Thus, opening university libraries to the public is actually a way to encourage more people to pick up books. Daniel: To offer the public free entry to university libraries is now a mainstream idea. The q
12、uestion now is how to realize the openness. Nowadays, libraries“ resources are kept in the form of databases. The traditional way of borrowing and lending books needs manpower and capital input. I think the most effective way is to open these databases to the public. Yang: Libraries“ openness to the
13、 public needs those universities“ proper arrangement. It“s necessary to avoid any conflict between students“ use of libraries and that of the public. It needs a balance between ensuring the service to students and teachers and providing service to outsiders. （分数：16.50）_2.题目要求：The educational system
14、around the world has been using standardized tests to evaluate the performance of students. However, there has been an ongoing debate among scholars, parents, and teachers on the effectiveness of these tests. What are your views on standardized tests? Read the following excerpts carefully and write
15、your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Peter
16、 The multiple-choice format that is used on standardized tests is an inadequate assessment tool. It encourages a simplistic way of thinking in which there are only right and wrong answers, which doesn“t apply in real-world situations. The format is also biased toward male students, who, studies have
17、 shown, adapt more easily to the game-like point scoring of multiple-choice questions. Richard Teacher-graded assessments are inadequate alternatives to standardized tests because they are subjectively scored and unreliable. Most teachers are not trained in testing and measurement, and research has
18、shown many teachers consider non-cognitive outcomes, including student class participation, perceived effort, and progress over the period of the course, which are irrelevant to subject-matter mastery. Ruth The multiple-choice format used on standardized tests produces accurate information necessary
19、 to assess and improve American schools. According to the Center for Teaching Excellence at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, multiple-choice questions can provide highly reliable test scores and an objective measurement of student achievement. Today“s multiple-choice tests are more so
20、phisticated than their predecessors. The Center for Public Education, a national public school advocacy group, says many multiple-choice tests now require considerable thought, even notes and calculations, before choosing a bubble. Charles While our understanding of the brain and how people learn an
21、d think has progressed enormously, standardized tests have remained the same. Test makers still assume that knowledge can be broken into separate bits and that people learn by absorbing these individual parts. Today, cognitive and developmental psychologists understand that knowledge is not separabl
22、e bits and that people (including children) learn by connecting what they already know with what they are trying to learn. If they cannot actively make meaning out of what they are doing, they do not learn or remember. Valerie Standardized tests measure only a small portion of what makes education m
23、eaningful. According to late education researcher Gerald W. Bracey, qualities that standardized tests cannot measure include creativity, critical thinking, resilience, motivation, persistence, curiosity, endurance, reliability, enthusiasm, empathy, self-awareness, self-discipline, leadership, civic-
24、mindedness, courage, compassion, resourcefulness, sense of beauty, sense of wonder, honesty, integrity. Sam China has a long tradition of standardized testing and leads the world in educational achievement. China displaced Finland as number one in reading, math, and science when Shanghai debuted on
25、the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) rankings in 2009. Despite calls for a reduction in standardized testing, China“s testing regimen remains firm in place. Chester E. Finn, Jr. , Chairman of the Hoover Institution“s Koret Task Force on K-12 Education, predicts that Chinese citi
26、es will top the PISA charts for the next several decades. （分数：16.50）_3.题目要求：China“s Ministry of Education has allowed college students to suspend their studies and start up their own businesses. It is said to be a measure designed to help improve employment, given the difficulties college graduates
27、are facing in the process of landing jobs. What“s your opinion? Read the following excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency,
28、organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Nathan (China) Now many universities allow their students to suspend their studies to launch a business and if they fail or want to come back to the campus they can continue their studies. Many
29、 people have stereotypes of post-90s that they are lazy and social-media obsessed. So if we do something awesome, it“s a big deal. If we fail, it does not matter because we are so young and tailing at anything means you“re trying. Broken H (the US) In my opinion, it“s impractical for college student
30、s to be self-employed since they have little experience in managing a business. They are not familiar with the real business world, which is totally different from their campuses. It needs different knowledge and skills, such as management, marketing, finance, human resources and so on. However, for
31、 most college students, they just specialize in a certain field. Ksnake10 (the UK) College students have advantages to start a business while at college. Although we may have little knowledge of business, we are surrounded by experts. When we are on a college campus, professors are filled with knowl
32、edge and experience and they help us. If we have any questions about our business, we can turn to some professors to get free consultations. Mahitosh (China) The most important task for college students is still to study hard. If they want to launch their own business, why not do it after graduation
33、.“? In their college years, they can first do some internships to get some knowledge and experience involving starting a business, meanwhile having a good command of professional knowledge to lay a solid foundation for their future career. Besides, if the students start a business in college, they w
34、ill waste the limited educational resource. Corey (China) Chinese education authorities require colleges to offer courses that prepare their graduates to start businesses, and the government also offers strings of favorable policies to encourage them to be self-employed, such as tax breaks and lower
35、ing the threshold for registering a company. So college students should seize these golden opportunities to start a business. Teachers should implant a spirit of entrepreneurship when educating students, and let them be aware that starting a business is a choice. Eduardo (the UK) There are a lot of
36、factors to consider when making this life-altering decision, and the answer depends heavily on a person“s individual circumstances. Sometimes, great ideas just can“t wait, and spending four years in college will result in missed opportunities. Furthermore, many startups, especially in the tech field
37、, focus more on your portfolio, skills and past projects than they do on your educational background, so if you“re talented, a job or internship should be fairly easy to secure. （分数：16.50）_4.题目要求：It is not rare to find some employers do not pay the intern graduates or students. What is your opinion?
38、 Should they get paid? Read the following excerpts from different sides carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the different opinions about this issue; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, org
39、anization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Micky Franklin Ads for unpaid internships can be found on billboards and listservs across the country. Every posting uses a different euphemism to justify offering full-time work for no pay, but t
40、here“s something they all forget to write: “Poor people need not apply.“ Every single time you see a posting for an unpaid internship, you“re seeing a posting that“s only open to people who can afford to work for free. In countless industries, from film-making to public policy, entry-level jobs have
41、 disappeared, replaced by unpaid internships. These unpaid and unregulated positions drive down wages across the whole economy, and prevent anyone without economic privilege from getting ahead. This strikes at the heart of a fundamental promise that we make to each other: that economic opportunity i
42、s for everyone; that no matter who you are, or where you come from, if you work hard, you deserve the chance to pursue your dreams. But unpaid internships guarantee that people lucky enough not to pay their own bills to get their foot in the door, while everybody else gets it slammed in their face.
43、Ross Eisenbrey The federal minimum wage is not zero. Yet that is what thousands of employers around the country are paying hundreds of thousands of employees each year. The minimum wage is $7.25 an hour, and the law requires employers to pay at least that much to any adult who works for them. The yo
44、ungest workers may be paid a $4.25 per hour subminimum wage for 90 days, an amount so small as to be almost a joke. But a for-profit employer who has a young person, or any person, work for nothing violates federal law and often state law as well. This is as it should be. Labor should be rewarded an
45、d employers must not be allowed to drive wages down to a level that is too low for workers to live on them. It“s simple: If you benefit financially from someone“s work you have to pay them, you have to share with them some of the benefits from their work. Walter Olson Internships were never for ever
46、yone. They“re especially common in prestige workplaces where many job aspirants are keen to network and seek mentors. Given a suitable match, however, as many counselors and senior business people will tell you, the right internship can make a powerful boost for a budding career in entertainment, fa
47、shion or communications. The point doesn“t have to be direct acquisition of hands-on skills so much as a chance to observe the style and psychology of an industry: How do successful people in it present themselves? Interact? Manage work rhythms? Yes, your family needs to be able to afford it, but it
48、 might work out a lot more cheaply than if you asked them to foot one more semester“s tuition bill. Daniel Rothschild Most interns are actually quite costly to their sponsoring organizations. No matter how bright and well educated an intern may be, supervising him or her takes time and effort, and b
49、y nature of their lack of experience and their short-term stints, interns typically cannot produce much value. Mentorship, instruction and education are all expensive investments relative to the value most interns provide. It“s also hard to tell whether an internship primarily benefits the intern or the employing organization. This
