1、专业八级-1089 及答案解析(总分：93.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)TennisDuring the first 50 years of its history,tennis was largely a pastime of (1) _ 1. _.people. Its widespread popularity began withthe growth of (2)_. This happened 2. _.immediately after the major n
2、ationalchampionships became (3) _ events. 3. _.They began to accept professionals as well asamateurs. Soon industrial firms began to(4)_ tournaments and offer large cash 4. _.prizes. The turning point came in 1968, whenthe British, with the final permission of theInternational Lawn Tennis Federation
3、,transformed their Wimbledon championships toan open event. In the same year, they went astep further by erasing the (5)_ 5. _.between amateurs and professionals. Womenplayers demand for (6) _ prize money 6. _.gained its first success in the United StatesOpen in (7) _. With the introduction 7. _.of
4、(8) _ rackets, equipment for playing 8. _.tennis needs not to be (9) _. Other 9. _.reasons for tennis rising popularity includegreater media coverage and peoples increasinginterest in physical (10) _. 10. _.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总
5、题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Which word is not used by Norberg-Hodge to describe the Ladakhi people?A. openB. happyC. self-protectedD. humble（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why was the Ladakhi culture damaged?A. Because India and China fought thereB. Because it becomes dependent on the importC. Because the Indian governme
6、nt regarded this region as the front in warD. Because the developing ways introduced are against the realities there（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).As far as tourism concerned, local people.A. think their culture is being destroyedB. feel it is a pity to lose the paradiseC. have different ideas from the foreig
7、nersD. are fully aware of the consequences（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Ladakhi people think that the Westerns _.A. are not richB. need not to workC. are unintelligentD. have the same lives as those of them（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Ladakhi people usually _.A. have few interests in the information provided by Norb
8、erg-HodgeB. can understand the informationC. feel ashamed of their backwardness after knowing about the outside worldD. know how the outside world is（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：6.00)(1).Why is the Irans Supreme Leader urging his countrymen to work harder?A. Because Iran suffered from more
9、severe economic sanctions from the U.S. and U.N.B. Because the Iranian government was planning to stop selling oil to the U.S.C. Because the Iranian government already stopped selling oil in euros.D. Because the European Union already approved of a new package of sanctions.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which
10、 of following is NOT mentioned in terms of imposing economic sanctions on Iran?A. The U.S. B. The U.N.C. The European Union. D. NATO.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).Why are 14 teams of experts from the Federal Emergency Management Agency evaluating the damage?A. To find out the lost people and animals. B. To c
11、riticize the authority s poor response.C. To assess the federal assistance needed. D. To make clear the investment in agriculture.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Hurricane Katrina m August of 2005 killed more than 1,800 people_.A. in Georgia B. in New YorkC. along the Nile D. along the Gulf Coast（分数：1.00）A.B.C
12、.D.(1).The two Koreans signed a deal to allow _.A. reunion of the two nations B. reunion of the governmentsC. reunion of families separated D. return of former South Korean prisoners（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The reports said that _.A. a delegation was to travel to SeoulB. 100 North Koreans would visit re
13、latives in PyongyongC. the two sides agree to repatriate part of DPRK prisoners formerly held in the SouthD. the two sides agree to send home all DPRK prisoners formerly held in the South（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Have all-male clubs lost their cachet?
14、 A decade ago, the testosterone fortress of the Augusta National Golf Club in Georgia was a battlefront of the feminist movement. Now, as the club contemplates a historic first offer of membership to a womanVirginia “Ginni“ Rometty, Chief Executive Officer of IBM, which is a sponsor of this weeks Ma
15、sters Tournamentthe most remarkable part of the story is that this time theres a near-universal consensus.“A lot is different now,“ says Ilene Lang, President and Chief Executive Officer of Catalyst, a global firm that studies women in business. “To most people looking at this, it just seems silly.“
16、 Yet silly or not, Lang says its about time Augusta got on the distaff side of history. “It is still discrimination,“ she says, “and its ridiculous.“Rometty has stayed mum on whether shell getor even covetsthe boxy green blazer that the club has awarded to her four predecessors at IBM. At a press ev
17、ent Wednesday, Augusta Chairman Billy Payne, who called Tiger Woods a disappointment for his 2010 sex scandal, dodged questions about Rometty. Meanwhile, President Obama and Mitt Romney said they believe women should be admitted, and Callista Gingrich expressed interest in becoming a member.The noti
18、on of women fighting to get into the old boys club seems almost quaint now, when every socioeconomic indicator shows female fortunes on the rise, while men, it seems, devote more and more time to sexting naughty photos. Augusta is one of the few remaining bastions of a particularly anachronistic kin
19、d of male privilege, where men of means enjoy golf, whisky, and whatever other private pleasures they take in the company of their own sex.Less than one percent of Americas golf clubs are still closed to women. Most big-city social groups have opened their doors, as have most country clubs and secre
20、t societies. Those that havent carry enough stigma that politicians regularly resign from them before running for officeas Mike Bloomberg did with New Yorks Brook Club before he ran for mayor.“Certainly, I think the mainstream is less accepting of this kind of discrimination,“ says Sally Frank, a la
21、w professor who successfully sued Princetons all-male eating clubs while a student at the university in the 1980s. Furthermore, the social aspect of male-only clubs is hardly as tantalizing as it once was. Does any powerful woman actually long to participate in the ritualistic cross-dressing that pa
22、sses for entertainment at VIP man-camp Bohemian Grove?Still, admission for Rometty does matter. Says Martha Burk, who led the campaign against Augusta in 2002: “What I fear is that Augusta will come up with some kind of half-baked solution, such as not letting her in now but maybe waiting a year or
23、two when all this female stuff blows over.“But the “female stuff“ likely wont blow over. Rometty, whose true passion is scuba diving, is in increasingly feminine company in the C-suite, which includes the CEOs of HP, Xerox, and Pepsi. If Augusta National clings to its no-estrogen policy, will it rea
24、lly be able to maintain its white-hot power status for much longer? You cant make deals on the back nine when all the CEOs are at the bottom of the ocean, swimming with sharks. (From Newsweek; 572 words)（分数：5.00）(1).What is Romettys attitude towards joining Augusta?A. She doesnt show her standpoint.
25、B. She feels it an honour to be admitted.C. She thinks that its another kind of gender discrimination.D. She has an aversion about the club.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).“Bastions“ in the fourth paragraph is an example of_.A. overstatement B. metaphorC. pun D. simile（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).We can infer from the
26、 passage that New Yorks Brook Club is_.A. an all male club B. politically orientedC. a club with stigma D. not well managed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Most womens attitude towards joining all-male clubs is_.A. enthusiastic B. uninterestedC. disapproving D. resentful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does “estrogen“
27、 most probably mean?A. No male is allowed. B. No female is allowed.C. No colored people is allowed. D. No business is allowed.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It is hard to conceive of a language without nouns or verbs. But that is just what Riau Indonesian is, a researcher says at the Max Pl
28、anck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, in Leipzigstates. Dr. Gil has been studying Riau for the past 12 years. Initially, he says, he struggled with the language, despite being fluent in standard Indonesian. However, a breakthrough came when he realized that what he had been thinking of as di
29、fferent parts of speech were, in fact, grammatically the same. For example, the phrase “the chicken is eating“ translating into colloquial Riau is “ayam makan“. Literally, the phrase means “chicken eat“. But the same pair of words also have meanings as diverse as “the chicken is making somebody eat“
30、, or “somebody is eating where the chicken is“. There are, he says, no modifiers that distinguish the tenses of verbs. Nor are there modifiers for nouns that distinguish the definite from the indefinite. Indeed, there are no features in Riau Indonesian that distinguish nouns from verbs. These catego
31、ries, he says, are imposed because the languages that Western linguists are familiar with having them.This sort of observation flies in the face of conventional wisdom about what languages is. Most linguists are influenced by the work of Noam Chomskyin particular, his theory of “deep grammar“. Accor
32、ding to Dr. Chomsky, people are born with a sort of linguistic template in their brains. This is a set of rules that allows children to learn a language quickly, but also imposes constraints and structure on what is learnt. Evidence in support of this theory includes the tendency of children to make
33、 systematic mistakes which indicate a tendency to impose rules on what turn out to be grammatical exceptions (e. g. “I dided it“ instead of “I did it“). There is also the ability of the children of migrant workers to invent new languages known as creoles out of the grammatically incoherent pidgin sp
34、oken by their parents. Exactly what the deep grammar consists of is still not clear, but a basic distinction between nouns and verbs would probably be one of its minimum requirements.Dr. Gil contends, however, that there is a risk of unconscious bias leading to the conclusion that a particular sort
35、of grammar exists in an unfamiliar language. That is because it is easier for linguists to discover extra features in foreign languages, for example, tones that change the meaning of words, which are common in Indonesian but do not exist in European languages than to realize that elements which are
36、taken for granted in a linguists native language may be absent from another. Despite the best intentions, he says, there is a tendency to fit languages into a mould. And since most linguists are Westerners, that mould is usually an Indo-European language from the West.It needs not, however, be a mod
37、ern language. Dr. Gils point about bias is well illustrated by the history of the study of the worlds most widely spoken tongue. Many of the people who developed modern linguistics had had an education in Latin and Greek. As a consequence, English was often described until well into the 20 century a
38、s having six different noun cases, because Latin has six. Only relatively recently did grammarians begin a debate over noun cases in English. Some now contend that it does not have noun cases at all; others argue that it has two while still others maintain that there are three or four cases.The diff
39、iculty is compounded if a linguist is not fluent in the language he is studying. The process of linguistic fieldwork is a painstaking one, fraught with pitfalls. Its mainstay is the use of “informants“ who tell linguists, in interviews and on paper, about their language. Unfortunately, these informa
40、nts tend to be better-educated than their fellows and are often fluent in more than one language.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following statements is NOT true of Riau Indonesian?A. It is quite different from standard Indonesian.B. It shares some features with Western languages.C. There are no distinct
41、features between nouns and verbs.D. It is hard for Western linguists to differentiate verb tenses.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following sentence cannot serve as evidence of Noam Chomskys theory of “deep grammar“ ?A.“He never forgaved her for teasing him. “B. “She beganed to feel a sense of pan
42、ic. “C. “Sheeps were grazing on the hillside. “D. “There are a desk and two chairs here. /（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that _.A. linguists tend to choose a better way to explain unfamiliar languagesB. Riau Indonesian belongs to the Indo-European language familyC. Riau Ind
43、onesian might not fit into an existing mouldD. Dr. Gils argument has been criticized by other linguists（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The authors attitude towards Dr. Gils contentions is one of _.A. disbelief B. deprecation C. corroboration D. ambiguity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The word “pitfalls in the last parag
44、raph probably means _.A. problems B. grievance C. puns D. knowledge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、TEXT C(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Kathryn Harrison is a wonderful writer. It seems important to get that on the table right away, since for most readers, her name will elicit one fact: Kathryn Harrison wrote a memoir about havi
45、ng slept with her father. Back in 1997, that notoriously hyper publicized book, “The Kiss“in which she recounted an affair she had in her 20s with the father she had not seen since she was a childset critics scratching furiously at the welts it raised in the culture, largely neglecting the book in t
46、he process for its lurid cover story. Skip to next paragraphIn the hubbub, few pointed out that “The Kiss“ is a pretty terrific memoir. Poetic and compressed, it is not a pointed finger, or an artless blurt, but a grimly hypnotic horror story, making human what might in other hands seem merely grote
47、sque. Thats Harrisons particular gift as a writer; and while her output, from memoirs and essays and novels, has been of varying quality, she has continually circled around her central, obsessive themes: narcissism, family violation, sexual taboo and physical suffering. For better or worse, this is
48、a writer who veers toward what others find distasteful; in her novels, she has found parallel torments everywhere in history, from foot-binding in China (“The Binding Chair“) to the Inquisition (“Poison“).The setting of “Envy“ is less exotic. Will Moreland, a New York psychoanalyst, thinks at once too much and too little. His son has died. His twin brothera world-famous swimmeris estranged. His wife is distant. In fact, everything in this grief-stained but otherwise normal existence feels a little distant, and Will him
