1、专业八级-1083 及答案解析(总分：87.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)CampingFirst, the equipment. (1) _and sleeping-bag are the 1. _most important items. Both of them should be (2 )_and 2. _first-class. Other things include stove, a torch (with sparebattery), and also (3
2、)_。 3. _Second, clothes. For everyday wear, you should take 2 or 3pairs of (4)_, several shirts, a jacket, a thick sweater 4. _and a light raincoat. For footwear, you must have (5)_ 5. _shoes or hoots. Third, food. I suggest you take (6)_food, for it% 6. _convenient and hygienic (7)_is a useful thin
3、g to have 7. _with you, especially if you get hungry at night.Fourth, medicine. Youd better go to the (8)_for 8. _advice, asking him to prepare the necessary medicine for you.Some liquid medicine will be needed in case of an (9)_ 9. _bite.Finally, the miscellaneous. Things like camera, binoculars,ra
4、dios, and a couple of books can make your holiday life moreenjoyable. And its always interesting to keep a (10)_ 10. _to record the things you do in holiday.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).The man sounds surprised at the f
5、act thatA. many Australians are taking time off to travel.B. the woman worked for some time in New Zealand.C. the woman raised enough money for travel.D. Australians prefer to work in New Zealand.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).We learn that the woman liked Singapore mainly because of itsA. cleanness.B. multi-
6、ethnicity.C. modern characteristics.D. shopping opportunities.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).From the conversation we can infer that Kaifeng and Yinchuan impressed the woman with theirA. respective locations.B. historic interests.C. ancient tombs.D. Jewish descendants.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the followi
7、ng words can best describe the womans feelings about Tibet?A. Amusement.B. Disbelief.C. Ecstasy.D. Delight.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the conversation, it was traveling that made the woman ready to stopA. the unsettledness of travel.B. the difficulties of trekking.C. the loneliness of travel.
8、D. the unfamiliar environment.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)1.A half-day strike will take place at the same time withA. a donation ceremony. B. an aid program meeting.C. an anti-government protest. D. an opposition party meeting.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).College enrollment has reached so hig
9、h NOT because ofA. less cost than before. B. high unemployment rate.C. the economic downturn. D. high number of college eligible people.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2)._have had the greatest enrollment increase.A. Two-year colleges B. Four-year schoolsC. Training companies D. High schools（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).W
10、hy did British force strike the police building in Basra?A. Because some civil prisoners were planning to break the prison.B. Because they found a major Iraqi criminal in the building.C. Because they heard there would be planned executions.D. Because they heard there would be an attack.（分数：1.00）A.B.
11、C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The Iraqi army supported the crime unit.B. British force killed no one.C. Engineers demolished the building during the attack.D. The police unit has been accused of committing many crimes.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT
12、A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of culture achievements, and every kind of historical knowledge).
13、Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from an
14、imal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, becaus
15、e they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immedia
16、te and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to investigation of conic sections, zealously
17、and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually
18、lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if
19、 this knowledge had been sought disinterestedly.（分数：5.00）(1).The author does not include among the sciences the study of _.A. astronomy B. economicsC. anthropology D. literature（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the paragraphs that follow this passage, we may expect the author to discuss _.A. the value of tech
20、nical research B. the value of pure researchC. philosophy D. scientific foundations（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author points out that the Greeks who studied conic sections _.A. were mathematiciansB. were interested in navigationC. were unaware of the value of their studiesD. worked with electricity（分数：
21、1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which one of the following best expresses the idea of this passage?A. Technical Progress.B. Mans Distinguishing Characteristics.C. Learning for Its Own Sake.D. The Difference Between Science and Philosophy.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The practical scientist _.A. knows the value of what he
22、will discoverB. is interested in the unknownC. knows that the world existsD. is a philosopher（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japan
23、ese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people dont know where they should go next.The coming of age of the postw
24、ar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 perce
25、nt of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.While often praised by foreigner
26、s for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. “Those things that do not show up in the test scorespersonality, ability, courage or humanityare completely ignored,“ says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruli
27、ng Liberal Democratic Partys education committee. “Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.“ Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the p
28、rewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War? had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.“But that may have more to
29、do with Japanese life-styles. “In Japan,“ says educator Yoko Mum, “its never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.“ With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japans 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the
30、 extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to end from work) end crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, th
31、e Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more then 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.（分数：5.00）(1).In the Westerners eyes, the postwar Japan was _.A. under aimless development B. a positive exampleC. a rival to the West D.
32、 on the decline（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author, what made the Japanese young people feel doubt about their personal sacrifices?A. The foreigners praise. B. The rapid development of Japanese economy.C. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom. D. The social progress.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3
33、).According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?A. Womens participation in social activities is limited. B. More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.C. Excessive emphasis his been placed on the basics. D. The life-style has been influenced by
34、 Western values.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is true according to the author?A. Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.B. Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.C. More stress should be placed on the cultiv
35、ation of creativity.D. Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The change hi Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that _.A. the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life B. the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.C. the Japanese endure more th
36、an ever before D. the Japanese appreciate their present life（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Last years economy should have won the Oscar for best picture. Growth in gross domestic product was 4.1 percent; profits soared; exports flourished; and inflation stayed around 3 percent for the third
37、 year. So why did so many Americans give the picture a lousy B rating? The answer is jobs. The macroeconomic situation was good, but the microeconomic numbers were not. Yes, 3 million new jobs were there, but not enough of them were permanent, good jobs paying enough to support a family. Job insecur
38、ity was rampant. Even as they announced higher sales and profits, corporations acted as if they were in a tailspin, cutting 516,069 jobs in 1994 alone, almost as many as in the recession year of 1991.Yes, unemployment went down. But over 1 million workers were so discouraged they left the labor forc
39、e. More than 6 million who wanted full-time work were only partially employed; and another large group was either overqualified or sheltered behind the euphemism of self-employment. We lost a million good manufacturing jobs between 1990 and 1995, continuing the trend that has reduced the blue-collar
40、 work force from about 30 percent in the 1950s to about half that today.White-collar workers found out they were no longer immune. For the first time, they were let go in numbers virtually equal to those for blue-collar workers. Many resorted to temporary workwith lower pay, fewer benefits and less
41、status. All this in a country where people meeting for the first time say, “What do you do?“Then there is the matter of remuneration. Whatever happened to wage gains four years into a recovery? The Labor Department recently reported that real wages fell 2.3 percent in the 12-month period ending this
42、 March. Since 1973, wages adjusted for inflation have declined by about a quarter for high school dropouts, by a sixth for high school graduates and by about 7 .percent for those with some college education. Only the wages of college graduates are up, by 5 percent, and recently starting salaries, ev
43、en for this group, have not kept up with inflation. While the top 5 percent of the population was setting new income records almost every year, poverty rates rose from 11 percent to 15 percent. No wonder this is beginning to be called the Silent Depression.What is going on here? In previous business
44、 cycles, companies with rising productivity raised wages to keep labor. Is the historical link between productivity improvements and income growth severed? Of all the reasons given for the wage squeezeinternational competition, technology, deregulation, the decline of unions and defense cuts-technol
45、ogy is probably the most critical. It has favored the educated and skilled. Just think that in 1976, 78 percent of auto workers and steelworkers in good mass production jobs were high school dropouts. But these jobs are disappearing fast. Education and job training are what count. These days college
46、 graduates can expect to earn 1.9 times the likely earnings of high school graduates, up from 1.45 times in the 1970s.The earning squeeze on middle-class and working-class people and the scarcity of “good, high-paying“ jobs will be the big political issue of the 1990s.Americans have so far responded
47、 to their failing fortunes by working harder. American males now toil about a week and a half longer than they did in 1973, the first time this century working hours have increased over an extended period of time. Women, particularly in poorer families, are working harder, too. Two-worker families r
48、ose by more than 20 percent in the 1980s. Seven million workers hold at least two jobs, the highest proportion in half a century.America is simply not growing fast enough to tighten the labor market and push up real wages. The danger of the information age is that while in the short run it may be cheaper to replace workers with technology, in the long run it is potentially self-destructive because there will not be enough purchasing power to grow the economy.To avoid this dismal prospect, we must get on the virtuous cycle of higher growth and avoid the vicious cycle
