1、专业八级-1078 及答案解析(总分：68.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Rise of RPHistorical reasonsReceived Pronunciation (RP) was originallyassociated with a (1)_ spoken in the region (1)_between central England and London, including Oxfordand Cambridge.Its survival w
2、as due to its use by the (2)_ (2)_in the 14lh century and by university students in tile(3)_Ages. (3)_Its rise in importance resulted from its applicationin government and official documents.The prestige of its (4)_ pattern of (4)_pronunciation came about with its use in (5)_schools (5)_in the 19th
3、century.As a result, its (6)_is accepted by Television (6)_and the radio, the professions and teaching English as a foreign language.Three characteristics of RP1) its speakers dont regard themselves as connected with any geographical region;2) RP is largely used in England;3) RP is a “class“ accent,
4、 associated with (7)_ (7)_social classesIts present statusDecline in the prestige of RP is the result ofa) loss of monopoly of education by the privileged;b) (8)_of higher education in the post-war (8)_period.However, it still retains its eminence amongcertain professional people.There is a rise in
5、the status of all (9)_ac (9)_cents.We are moving towards the (10)_position: (10)_general acceptance of all regional accents and absenceof a class accent that transcends all regions.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Employees
6、 in the US are paid for their time. This means that they are supposed to_.A. work hard while their boss is aroundB. come to work when there is work required to be doneC. work with initiative and willingnessD. work through their lunch break（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).One of the advantages of flexible workin
7、g hours is that_.A. pressure from work can be reducedB. working women can have more time at homeC. traffic and commuting problems can not be solvedD. personal relationships in offices can be improved（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).On the issue of working contracts in the US, which statement is NOT correct?A. P
8、erformance at work matters more than anything else.B. There are laws protecting employees working rights.C. Good reasons must be provided in order to fire workers.D. Working contracts in the US are mostly short-term ones.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).We can assume from the interview that an informal atmosphe
9、re might be found in_.A. small firms B. major banksC. big corporations D. law offices（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The interview is mainly about _in the USA.A. office hierarchies B. office conditionsC. office roles D. office life（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).Which of the following statements
10、 is NOT true?A. Scientists at the Kennedy Space Center are attempting to grow vegetables that could survive.B. In the special containers plants can develop rapidly in a short period of time.C. Scientists are also attempting to genetically design some of these plants to contain high levels of protein
11、.D. Space agency scientists hope to test some version of the experimental gardens on the planned space station.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The scientists at the Kennedy Space center laboratory have been able to produce small kinds of _.A. wheat, soybeans, carrot and lettuce B. soybeans, tomatoes, carrot an
12、d wheatC. white potatoes, carrot, lettuce and soybeans D. wheat, soybeans, lettuce and white potatoes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The special growing containers are expected to be used mostly for _ space travel.A. short distance B. long distance C. all kinds of D. both A and B（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).What do yo
13、u know about the attack?A. It killed 60 Iraqi Shias. B. It happened 14 miles from the capital.C. No one claimed the responsibility. D. Even Iraqis felt terrible.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Three British soldiers were killed in_.A. the tanker attack B. a fighting happened in a Shia cityC. a blast happened i
14、n al-Amarah D. the battle with Shia gunmern（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：4.00)An assumption is something taken for granted. Everyone makes assumptions-you have to in order to say anything. As a critical reader, you need to determine what the assumption is and
15、then decide whether you agree or disagree with the assumption. Once you decide, your attitude toward the argument will change. Careful, honest writers know what their assumptions are and lay the most important ones out for all to judge. Hidden assumptions may be all right for humor or fairly harmles
16、s in topical journalism, but they can be dangerous in serious written argument. Important assumptions should be explicit and detailed, for then the reader can judge their validity. If you do not agree with a writers assumptions, then you will never agree with his/her arguments.As indicated above, an
17、 assumption is a belief that we take for granted as a basis for an assertion. All kinds of statements rely on assumptions-questions, commands, promises, and assertions. The simple command “Pass the salt“ is based on several assumptions, including that the salt can be passed, that you can pass it, an
18、d that I have the right to ask you to pass it. Some assumptions are unexpressed. We would be the joke of the neighbourhood if we went around articulating our assumptions every time we asked someone to pass the salt. We get into trouble, however, when we fail to recognize important assumptions that s
19、ubtly guide our thoughts. Sophocles said, “Reason is Gods crowning gift to man. “A statement like this seems innocent enough. When we think about it, we easily recognize that he was basing the statement on two major assumptions: (1) that man has a mind, and (2) that God exists. Hidden in the stateme
20、nt, however, are some subtle assumptions that we may or may not support, including: (1) God is a personal force capable of making a gift; (2) reason is a more important gift than heart, soul, or body; and (3) womans mind is not a gift of God. Once we articulate these assumptions, we might disagree.
21、(339)（分数：4.00）(1).According to this passage, an assumption is _.A. something that everyone knowsB. the idea the writer wants to emphasizeC. the readers knowledge about the topicD. foundation of the writers reasoning（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Assumptions are important for critical readers because they can
22、help readers to _.A. grasp the topic exactlyB. understand the argument passage exactlyC. evaluate the argument passageD. compare the argument passage with similar argument passages（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The authors attitude toward Sophocless statement is _.A. positive B. negativeC. neutral D. not ment
23、ioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What can we infer from the passage?A. A good writer should clearly state all his assumptions.B. Once we find assumptions, we will find the writers problems.C. We need not clearly express our assumptions in oral communication.D. Major assumptions are important for both the w
24、riter and the reader.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Paula Jones case against Bill Clinton is now, for, all possible political consequences and capacity for media sensation, a fairy routine lawsuit of its kind. It does, however, have enormous social significance. For those of us who care abo
25、ut sexual harassment, the matter of Jones v. Clinton is a great conundrum. Consider: if Jones, the former Arkansas state employee, proves her claims, then we must face the fact that we helped to elect someoneBill Clintonwho has betrayed us on this vital issue. But if she is proved to be lying, then
26、we must accept that we pushed onto the public agenda an issue that is venerable to manipulation by alleged victims. The skeptics will use Jones case to cast doubt on the whole cause.Still, Ms Jones deserves the chance to prove her case; she has a right to pursue this claim and have the process work.
27、 It will be difficult: these kinds of cases usually are, and Ms. Jones task of suing a sitting president is harder than most.She does have one thing sitting on her side: her case is in the courts. Sexual -harassment claims are really about violations of the alleged victims civil rights, and there is
28、 no better forum for determining and assessing those violationsand finding the truththan federal court. The judicial system can put aside political to decide these complicated issues. That is a feat that neither the Senate Judicial nor ethics commit- tees have been able to accomplishwitness the Clar
29、ence Thomas and Bob Packwood affairs. One lesson: the legal arena, not the political one, is the place to settle these sensitive problems.Some have argued that the people (the “feminists“) who rallied around me have failed to support Jones. Our situations, however, are quite different. In 1991 the c
30、ountry was in the middle of a public debate over whether Clarence Thomas should be confirmed to the Supreme Court. Throughout that summer, interest groups on both sides weighed in on his nomination. It was a public forum that invited a public conversation. But a pending civil actioneven one against
31、the presidentdoes not generally invite that kind of public engagement.Most of the public seems content to let the process move forward. And given the conundrum created by the claim, it is no wonder that many (“feminists” included) have been slow to jump into the Jones - Clinton fray. But people from
32、 all works of life remain open to her suit. We dont yet know which outcome we must confront: the president who betrayed the issue or the woman who used it. Whichever it is, we should continue to pursue sexual harassment with the same kind of energy and interest in eliminating the problem that we hav
33、e in the past, regardless of who is the accused or the accuser. The statistics show that about 40 percent of women in the work force will encounter some form of harassment. We cant afford to abandon this issue now.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, the Paula Jones case was _.A. nothing important
34、. B. very significant. C. doubtful. D. vulnerable.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The federal courts are much better than the Senate Judicial or ethics committees in determining and assessing those violations because _.A. the federal courts have much bigger power.B. the federal courts are forum for determining
35、 and assessing those violations.C. the federal courts are more impartial.D. the federal courts are political arena.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, the issue of sexual harassment must be dealt with seriously because _.A. the outcome is not known.B. most of the public is not content.C.
36、many have been slow to jump into the Jones - Clinton fray.D. as many as 40% of women in the work force will encounter it.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, sexual harassment is to _.A. violate politics. B. violate the Supreme Court.C. cast doubt on the whole issue D. disturb a woman in a
37、n illegally sexual way.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In the sentence Some have argued that the people ( the “feminists“ ) who rallied around me have failed to support Jones“ ( paragraph 4), the phrase “rallied around has the meaning of _.A. gathered around B. relied on C. was depended D. relied（分数：1.00）A.B.C
38、.D.八、TEXT C(总题数：2，分数：7.00)The conflict between good and evil is a common theme running through the great literature and drama of the world, from the time of ancient Greeks to the present. The principle that conflict is the heart of dramatic action when illustrated by concrete examples, almost always
39、 turns up some aspects of the struggle between good and evil.The idea that there is neither good nor evil-in any absolute moral or religious senseis widespread in our times. There are various relativistic and behaviorist standards of ethics. If these standards even admit the distinction between good
40、 and evil, it is as a relative matter and not as whirlwind of choices that lies at the center of living. In any such state of mind, conflict can at best, be only a petty matter, lacking true university. The acts of the evildoer and of the virtuous man alike become dramatically neutralized. Imagine t
41、he reduced effect of Crime and Punishment or the Brothers Karamazoc had Dostoevsky thought that good and evil, as portrayed in those books, were wholly relative, and that he had had no conviction about them.You cant have a vital literature if you ignore or shun evil. What you get then is the world o
42、f Pollyanna, goody-goody in place of the good. Cry, The Beloved Country is a great and dramatic novel because Alan Paton, in addition to being a skilled workman, sees with clear eyes both good and evil, differentiates them, pitches them into conflict with each other, and takes sides. He sees that th
43、e native boy Absalom Kumalo, who has murdered, cannot be judged justly without taking into account the environment that has had a part in shaping him. But Paton sees, too, that Absalom the individual, not society the abstraction, committed the act and is responsible for it. Mr. Paton understands mer
44、cy. He knows that this precious thing is not evoked by sentimental impulse, but by a searching examination of the realities of human action. Mercy follows a judgment; it does not precede it.One of the novels by the talented Paul Bowles, Let It Down is full of motion, full of sensational depravities,
45、 and is a crashing bore. The book recognizes no good, admits no evil, and is coldly indifferent to the moral behavior of its characters. It is a long shrug. Such a view of life is non-dramatic and negates the vital essence of drama. (402)（分数：3.00）(1).In our age, according to the author, a standpoint
46、 often taken in the area of ethics is the _.A. relativistic view of moralsB. greater concern with religionC. emphasis on evilD. greater concern with universals（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).When the author uses the expression “it is a long shrug“ in referring to Bowless book, he is commenting on the _.A. leng
47、th of the novelB. indifference to the moral behavior of the charactersC. monotony of the storyD. sensational depravities of the book（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the opinion of the author, Cry, The Beloved Country is a great and dramatic novel because of Patons _.A. insight into human behaviorB. behaviori
48、stic beliefsC. treatment of good and evil as abstractionsD. willingness to make moral judgments（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.“Winners“Winners have different potentials. Achievement is not the most important thing, authenticity is. The authentic person experiences the reality of himself by knowing himself, being himself, and becoming a credible, responsive person. He actualizes his own unprecedented uniqueness and appreciates the uniqueness of others.A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own know
