1、专业八级-1075 及答案解析(总分：86.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Having been a student and teacher in China (at Peking and Tsinghua Universities,respectively), I know quite a few Chinese students. Indeed,(1) _ .all of them have gone (1) _to the United States to (2) _
2、 their studies. (2) _Like the larger body of Chinese students in the United States-totaling well over 40,000 - my friends live across the vast expanse of the American continent, on both coasts and in the states in between. They have chosen fields of study ranging from environmental engineering and p
3、ublic policy to history and Asian studies. Yet despite the great diversity among these students in terms of their ages, backgrounds, locations,and majors, (3) _ experiences remain. (3) _None are more pronounced that the inability of most Chinese students to effectively immerse themselves in American
4、 society. It seems to me that the majority of Chinese students in the United States have never made the effort to reach out and embrace American life on its own terms. Instead, most share apartments with one or more fellow Chinese students, speaking Chinese and eating Chinese food on a daily basis.
5、In some respects, it is as if these students had never left China. Interactions with Americans tend to be limited to relatively formal, academic settings, such as the classroom or a professors office. Moreover, few Chinese students participate in campus-wide (4) _ activities, (4) _such as athletic m
6、atches and dances, which would put them into contact with a diverse array of American young people. Rather, most limit themselves to taking part in programs arranged by the Chinese Students Association and, naturally, these events are generally linked to uniquely Chinese occasions such as the Spring
7、 Festival and National Day. As a result, even Chinese students who have spent years in the United States often difficult to engage American friends in (5) _ conversations about (5) _such subjects as American politics, race relations, and popular music.In short, they lack a“feel“ for the country. Chi
8、nese students widely acknowledge this phenomenon even as they maintain differing views as to its cause.Some contend that Chinese have difficulty (6) _ the cultural divide on account of such practical considerations as money. (6) _Because Chinese students come from a developing country and often have
9、 to rely on limited scholarship funds for support, they argue, Chinese students simply do not have the financial means to more fully participate in the extra- curricular and social activitieswhich would afford them more (7) _ contact with American (and other foreign) students.(7) _The truth is, howe
10、ver, that most American students are just as poor; it is a common fact ofAmerican student life.And in any event, most campus-based social events are (8) _ to meet student needs. (8) _Others believe that the mason Chinese find acculturation difficult is somewhat more complex. Fundamentally, few Chine
11、se see the chance to study in the United States for what it is: a once in lifetime opportunity to get to know another country from the inside. Chinese students typically focus so single-mindedly on their studies that they lose sight of the larger picture, that is, their ultimate role as cultural int
12、erpreters between their homeland and the United States. To be sure, a Chinese students service as an engineer or biologist is9) _ to Chinas continued economic construction, (9) _but his or her ability to bridge the divide-or often, the perceived divide-between two distinct cultures is perhaps even m
13、ore important over the long run. Today, only a small fraction of the Chinese students who have studied in the United States have returned to China, a proof of both the academic and professional success of Chinese students in the United States and the openness of the society in which they found this
14、success. The contributions Chinese students have made to American life are truly striking. Still, I believe that the next generation of Chinese students in the United States-those who will begin the 21st century they will recognize their crucial function in the process of furthering U. S. -China und
15、erstanding.They will return to China in (10) _ numbers to contribute to their countrys (10) _（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).The Earth Day Groceries Project _ .A. was inspired by a friend of Mark s who works at NASAB. is t
16、he name of an online education discussion listC. was started by a local supermarketD. is an environmental education project（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How was the Project received when Mark first sent his invitation?A. Mark received responses from 53 schools.B. There were about 1,500 bags decorated with on
17、e announcement.C. It was a huge success, which, to a great extent, was due to the power of the Internet.D. R was a hit among the schools but the local supermarket was quite reluctant to offer their bags at first.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How did Mark learn the skills he needed to construct his website?A.
18、 He taught himself and learned by doing.B. He found someone on the discussion lists to teach him.C. He found someone good at HTML to help him run the site.D. He had a teacher of computer help him.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Jean is a teacher of _ .A. computer B. art C. mathematics D. natural sciences（分数：1.
19、00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements about Jean is NOT true?A. Her goal was to help them come up with a message and make a picture that related to the message.B. She would introduce the lesson by talking about ways that people could improve the environment.C. She would tell the students
20、to keep their design simple.D. She found it necessary sometimes to reject a students idea if its not good enough.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：4，分数：6.00)(1).What does the news item say about the fires in Greece?A. Fires only occurred near the Greek capital.B. Fires near the capital caused casualt
21、ies.C. Fires near the capital were the biggest.D. Fires near the capital were soon under control.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the news, what measure did authorities take to fight the fires?A. Residents were asked to vacate their homes.B. Troops were brought in to help the firefighters.C. Air op
22、erations and water drops continued overnight.D. Another six fire engines joined the firefighting operation.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1.Which of the following is NOT true about the tsunami?A. The tsunami struck after dawn.B. Several British tourists were killed.C. The number of casualties is not definite.D. T
23、he tsunami occurred off the American coast.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.To ease restrictions imposed on Palestinians living in the West Bank, Israel plans to_.A. remove road blocks B. allow more Palestinians to travel to IsraelC. remove trade barriers D. provide food for Palestinian refugees（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(
24、1).What presents a barrier to Turkeys joining the EU?A. The fact that Turkey is predominately a Muslim country.B. The fact that Turkey has a big population.C. The fact that Turkey refused to recognize Cyprus.D. The fact that Cyprus prevent Turkey from joining the EU.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to
25、 the news, which of the following is TRUE?A. As an EU member, Turkey enjoys privileges.B. Cyprus is not an EU member.C. Turkey will be admitted into EU with half membership.D. There are 25 EU members.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Linguists have found that
26、 sign languages and spoken languages share many features. Like spoken languages, which use units of sounds to produce words, sign languages use units of form. These units are composed of four basic hand forms: hand shape, such as an open hand or closed fist; hand location, such as on the middle of t
27、he forehead or in front of the chest; hand movement, such as upward or downward; and hand orientation, such as the palm facing up or out.In spoken languages units of sound combine to make meaning. Separately, b, e, and t have no meaning. However, together they form the word bet. Sign languages conta
28、in units of form that by themselves hold no meaning, but when combined create a word. Spoken languages and sign languages differ in the way these units combine to make words, however. In spoken languages units of sound and meaning are combined sequentially. In sign languages, units of form and meani
29、ng are typically combined simultaneously.In American Sign Language (ASL) signs follow a certain order, just as words do in spoken English. However, in ASL one sign can express meaning that would necessitate the use of several words in speech. For example, the words in the statement “I stared at it f
30、or a long time“ each contain a unit of meaning. In ASL, this same sentence would be expressed as a single sign. The signer forms “look at“ by making a under the eyes with the first and middle fingers of the right hand. The hand moves out toward the object being looked at, repeatedly tracing an oval
31、to indicate “over a long time.“ To express the adverb “intently“ the signer squints the eyes and purses the lips. (To purse the lips is like saying mmmm; pull back and tighten the lips with the lips closed.) Although the English words used to describe the ASL signs are written out in order, in sign
32、language a person forms the signs “look at,“ “long time,“ and “intently“ at the same time.ASL has a rich system for modifying the meaning of signs. Verbs such as “look at“ can be changed to indicate that the activity takes place without interruption, repeatedly, or over a long time. The adjective “s
33、ick,“ for example, is formed by placing the right middle finger on the forehead and the left middle finger on the stomach. By forming the sign “sick“ and repeatedly moving the left hand in a circle, the signer can indicate that someone is characteristically or always sick.Facial grammar, such as rai
34、sed eyebrows, also can modify meaning. For example, a signer can make the statement “He is smart“ by forming the ASL sign for “smart“ placing the middle finger at the foreheadand then quickly pointing it outward as if toward another person to indicate “he.“ To pose the question “Is he smart?“ the si
35、gher accompanies this sign with raised eyebrows and a slightly tilted head.People who sign sometimes use finger spelling to represent letters of the alphabet. In some sign languages, including ASL, finger spelling serves as a way to borrow words from spoken language. A deaf person might, for example
36、, choose to fingerspell “d-o-g“ for “dog“ instead of using a sign. Several types of finger spelling systems exist.Linguists still have much to learn about the worlds sign languages. What has become clear is that hundreds, if not thousands, of sign languages exist around the world.（分数：4.00）(1).Accord
37、ing to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Linguists have found that sign languages and spoken languages differ from each other in many features.B. Like spoken languages, which use units of form to produce words, sign languages use units of sounds.C. Separately, b, e, and t hav
38、e a meaning and together they form the word bet.D. Spoken languages contain units of form that by themselves hold no meaning, but when combined create a word.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the sentence “In spoken languages units of sound and meaning are combined sequentially.“, the word “sequentially“ can
39、be replaced by_.A. separately B. together C. consequently D. subsequently（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, what is the role of finger spelling in sign language?A. It is to represent letters of the alphabet.B. Finger spelling serves as a way to differ from spoken language.C. Finger spell
40、ing means you can spell the word by fingers.D. It is a convenient way to communicate with the other people.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the main idea of the passage?A. The difference between spoken language and sign language.B. A new way to communicate.C. Sign language.D. Language and culture.（分数：1.
41、00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)One thing that distinguishes the online world from the real one is that it is very easy to find things. To find a copy of The Economist in print, one has to go to a news-stand, which may or may not carry it. Finding it online, though, is a different proposition. Jus
42、t go to Google, type in “economist“ and you will be instantly directed to . Though it is difficult to remember now, this was not always the case. Indeed, until Google, now the worlds most popular search engine, came on to the scene in September 1998, it was not the case at all. As in the physical wo
43、rld, searching online was a hit-or-miss affair.Google was vastly better than anything that had come before: so much better, in fact, that it changed the way many people use the web. Almost overnight, it made the web far more useful, particularly for nonspecialist users, many of whom now regard Googl
44、e as the internets front door. The recent fuss over Googles stock market flotation obscures its far wider social significance: few technologies, after all, are so influential that their names become used as verbs.Google began in 1998 as an academic research project by Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page,
45、who were then graduate students at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. It was not the first search engine, of course. Existing search engines were able to scan or “crawl“ a large portion of the web, build an index, and then find pages that matched particular words. But they were less good
46、at presenting those pages, which might number in the hundreds of thousands, in a useful way.Mr Brins and Mr Pages accomplishment was to devise a way to sort the results by determining which pages were likely to be most relevant. They did so using a mathematical recipe, or algorithm, called PageRank.
47、 This algorithm is at the heart of Googles success, distinguishing it from all previous search engines and accounting for its apparently magical ability to find the most useful web pages.Untangling the webPageRank works by analysing the structure of the web itself. Each of its billions of pages can
48、link to other pages, and can also, in turn, be linked to. Mr Brin and Mr Page reasoned that if a page was linked to many other pages, it was likely to be important. Furthermore, if the pages that linked to a page were important, then that page was even more likely to be important. There is, of course, an inherent circularity to this formula-the importance of one page depends on the importance of pages that link to it, the importance of which depends in turn on the importance of pages that link to them. But using some mathematical tricks, this circularity can be res
