1、专业八级-1070 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How Practice Can Damage Your English?. New interpretations of speaking and writing in learning EnglishA. Speaking and writing stand for mistakes makingspeaking and writing (1) the mistakes (1)_incorrec
2、t sentences occur when you are writinglater, a bad habit formed: making the same mistakesB. The more (2) , the worse English becomes (2)_C. Solution to the problem: never make mistakeswrite simple but correct sentencesadd more (3) ones graduallycopy only correct sentences from the beginning (3)_D. S
3、peaking or writing: not the way to (4) mistakes (4)_speaking: unlikely to improve grammar or vocabulary (5) : likely to correct English sentences (5)_people: likely to correct a few mistakes but not many. Conclusion: (6) (6)_A. The use of rules of error-free speakingdont open the mouth at the very b
4、eginningget more input by reading and listening in Englishfollow (7) to learn (7)_B. The techniques to learn the correct usage of English (8) may tell the correct usage (8)_the other person may tell how to uselearn the correct way to speakC. The (9) to use this technique (9)_already know your saying
5、 is wrongthe other person will correct you when making mistakesuse it only (10) (10)_（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answe
6、r each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).Employees in the US are paid for their time. This means that they are supposed to_.A. work hard while their boss is aroundB. come to work when there is work required to be doneC. work with initiative and willingnessD. w
7、ork through their lunch break（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).One of the advantages of flexible working hours is that_.A. pressure from work can be reducedB. working women can have more time at homeC. traffic and commuting problems can not be solvedD. personal relationships in offices can be improved（分数：1.00）A.
8、B.C.D.(3).On the issue of working contracts in the US, which statement is NOT correct?A. Performance at work matters more than anything else.B. There are laws protecting employees working rights.C. Good reasons must be provided in order to fire workers.D. Working contracts in the US are mostly short
9、-term ones.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).We can assume from the interview that an informal atmosphere might be found in_.A. small firms B. major banksC. big corporations D. law offices（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The interview is mainly about _in the USA.A. office hierarchies B. office conditionsC. office roles D. o
10、ffice life（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Which of the following is CORRECT?A. Today marks the 30th anniversary of the
11、Iranian hostage crisis.B. President Obama said that he wants to move beyond the past.C. Today is as same as usual.D. No anti-government protesters are on the streets.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How many hostages did Islamic students hold?A. 400. B. 52. C. 30. D. 100.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 9 and 10 are
12、based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Which one of the following is INCORRECT?A. Gulab Mangal said an Emergency staff member received $500,000 as an advance payment for killing him.B. Afghan
13、 officials said they detained three Italian Emergency workers Saturday.C. The Italian aid group Emergency has had a good relationship with local authorities in violence-wracked Helmand Province.D. In total nine people, including six Afghans, were held after explosive suicide vests, hand grenades and
14、 other weapons were discovered.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is correct according to the news?A. Emergency founder Gino Strada denounced the detentions of the aid groups four workers.B. Afghan policemen called it a mafia-style attempt to silence a witness.C. Afghan officials said they
15、were held as part of an investigation into an alleged plot to kill the governor of Helmand Province.D. In total nine people, were held before explosive suicide vests, hand grenades and other weapons were discovered.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news
16、item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.Which of the following reasons do scientists support that can explain the extinction of dinosaurs?A. A huge asteroid striking the earth some 65 million years ago.B. Volcanic eruptions caused the dinosaurs demise.C. Cli
17、mate change wiped out dinosaurs.D. Water pollution.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)“How the zebra got his stripes“ sounds like the title of one of Rudyard Kiplings “Just So“ stories. Sadly, it isnt, so the question has, instead, been left to zoologists. But
18、 they, too, have let their imaginations rip. Some have suggested camouflage. Others suggest they are a way to display an individuals fitness. Irregular stripes would let potential mates know that someone was not up to snuff. One researcher proposed that stripes are to zebra what faces are to people,
19、 allowing them to recognise each other, since every animal has a unique stripe-print. Another even speculated that predators might get dizzy watching a herd of stripes gallop by. There is, however, one other idea: that stripes are a sophisticated form of fly repellent. It was originally dreamed up i
20、n the 1980s, but never proved. Now, a team of investigators led by Gabor Horvath of Eotvos University in Budapest report in the Journal of Experimental Biology that they think they have done so.The original suggestion was that stripes repel tsetse flies. These insects carry sleeping sickness, which
21、is as much a bane of ungulates as it is of people. But tsetses are not the only dipteran foes of zebra and, since they are rarely found in the meadows of Hungary, Dr Horvath plumped for studying an almost equally obnoxious alternative: the horsefly. Horseflies, too, transmit disease. They also bite
22、incessantly, thus keeping grazing beasts from their dinner. Indeed, previous research has shown that fly attacks on horses and cattle reduce their body fat and milk production. Such research has also shown something odd: horseflies attack black horses in preference to white ones. That fact got Dr Ho
23、rvath wondering how they would react to a striped horsein other words, a zebra.Actual zebra are hard to experiment on. They insist on moving around and swishing their tails. The team therefore conducted their study using inanimate objects. Some were painted uniformly dark or uniformly light, and som
24、e had stripes of various widths. Some were plastic trays filled with salad oil. Some were glue-covered boards. And some were actual models of zebra. They put these objects in a field infested with horseflies and counted the number of insects they trapped.Their first discovery was that stripes attrac
25、ted fewer flies than solid, uniform colours. As intriguingly, though, they also found that the least attractive pattern of stripes was precisely those of the sort of width found on zebra hides. Zebra stripes do, therefore, seem to repel horseflies. Exactly why is unclear. But Dr Horvath thinks it mi
26、ght be related to a horseflys ability to see polarised light, which imposes a sense of horizontal and vertical on an image. Horseflies are known to prefer horizontal polarised light. Possibly, the mostly vertical stripes on a zebra confuse the flys tiny brain and thus stop it seeing the animal.Anoth
27、er obvious question, though, is why other species have not evolved this elegant form of fly repellent, and what the consequences would have been if they had. If humans, for example, were black-and-white striped then the history of intercommunal violence the species has suffered when different races
28、have met might not have been quite as bad. One for Kipling to have pondered, perhaps?（分数：5.00）(1).Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as the imagined reasons why zebra got strips?A. Stripes allow zebra to recognise each other.B. Strips are a way to display an individuals fitness.C. Strips al
29、low zebra to show their beauty.D. Stripes are a sophisticated form of fly repellent.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, which one of the following matches the researches LEAST?A. Dr Horvath first did the research on striped horse.B. Fly attacks on horses and cattle reduce their body fat a
30、nd milk production.C. Horseflies attack black horses in preference to white ones.D. Horseflies bite incessantly, thus keeping gazing beasts from their dinner.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that the reason why actual zebra are hard to experiment on is that_.A. horseflies tra
31、nsmit diseaseB. they insist on moving around and swishing their tailsC. the mostly vertical stripes on a zebra confuse the flys tiny brain and thus stop it seeing the animalD. zebra graze in the open, not amid thick vegetation where a striped pattern might break up their outlines（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4)
32、.“Camouflage“ in the first paragraph probably means_.A. disguise B. convinceC. preference D. bless（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following adjectives best describes the authors attitude of the topic?A. Positive. B. Negative.C. Ambivalent. D. Objective.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Where
33、ver the crime novels of P. D. James are discussed by critics, there is a tendency on the one hand to exaggerate her merits and on the other to castigate her as a genre writer who is getting above herself. Perhaps underlying the debate is that familiar, false opposition set up between different kinds
34、 of fiction, according to which enjoyable novels are held to be somehow slightly lowbrow, and a novel is not considered true literature unless it is a tiny bit dull.Those commentators who would elevate James books to the status of high literature point to her painstakingly constructed characters, he
35、r elaborate settings, her sense of place, and her love of abstractions: notions about morality, duty, pain, and pleasure are never far from the lips of her police officers and murderers. Others find her pretentious and tiresome; an inverted snobbery accuses her of abandoning the time-honored convent
36、ions of the detective genre in favor of a highbrow literary style. The critic Harriet Waugh wants R D. James to get on with “the more taxing business of laying a tricky trail and then fooling the reader“; Philip Oakes in The Literary Review groans, “Could we please proceed with the business of clapp
37、ing the handcuffs on the killer?“James is certainly capable of strikingly good writing. She takes immense trouble to provide her characters with convincing histories and passions. Her descriptive digressions are part of the pleasure of her books and give them dignity and weight. But it is equally tr
38、ue that they frequently interfere with the story; the patinas and aromas of a country kitchen receive more loving attention than does the plot itself. Her devices to advance the story can be shameless and thin, and it is often impossible to see how her detective arrives at the truth; one is left to
39、conclude that the detective solves crimes through intuition. At this stage in her career R D. James seems to be less interested in the specifics of detection than in her characters vulnerabilities and perplexities.However, once the rules of a chosen genre cramp creative thought, there is no reason w
40、hy an able and interesting writer should accept them. In her latest book, there are signs that James is beginning to feel constrained by the crime-novel genre, here her determination to leave areas of ambiguity in the solution of the crime and to distribute guilt among the murderer, victim, and byst
41、anders points to conscious rebellion against the traditional neatness of detective fiction. It is fashionable, though reprehensible, for one writer to prescribe to another. But perhaps the time has come for R D. James to slide out of her handcuffs and stride into the territory of the mainstream nove
42、l.（分数：5.00）(1).It can be inferred from the passage that, in the authors view, traditional detective fiction is characterized by_.A. attention to the concepts of morality and responsibilityB. concern for the weaknesses and doubts of the charactersC. transparent devices to advance the plotD. the strai
43、ghtforward assignment of culpability for the crime（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The passage suggests that both Waugh and Oakes consider Jamess novels to have_.A. too much material that is extraneous to the solution of the crimeB. too simple a plot to hold the attention of the readerC. too convoluted a plot f
44、or the reader to understandD. too few suspects to generate suspense（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The second paragraph serves primarily to_.A. contradict an assertion cited previouslyB. present previously mentioned positions in greater detailC. analyze a dilemma in greater depthD. propose an alternative to tw
45、o extreme opinions described earlier（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The passage supports which one of the following statements about detective fiction?A. Detective fiction has been largely ignored by literary critics.B. There is very little agreement among critics about the basic elements of typical detective
46、novel.C. Writers of detective fiction have customarily followed certain conventions in constructing their novels.D. There are as many different detective-novel conventions as there are writers of crime novels.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which one the following best states the authors main conclusion?A. Bec
47、ause P. D. Jamess potential as a writer is stifled by her chosen genre, she should turn her talents toward writing mainstream novels.B. Although her plots are not always neatly resolved, the beauty of her descriptive passages justifies P. D. Jamess decision to write in the crime-novel genre.C. The d
48、ichotomy between popular and sophisticated literature is well illustrated in the crime novels of P. D. James.D. The critics who have condemned P. D. Jamess lack of attention to the specifics of detection fail to take into account her carefully constructed plots.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Over the years, biologists have suggested two main pathways by which sexual selection natural selection for characters that confer success in competition for a mate as distinguished from competition with other species; also: the choice of a mate based on a preference for certain characte
