1、专业八级-1055 及答案解析(总分：94.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)4 Kinds of Texts Enhancing Intelligence. IntroductionA. Reading for information, hoping toimprove our minds with the information acquiredprovide us with the ways to improve our livesB. Reading prodigiou
2、sly he came from the agency now known as Lowe Buckminster Fuller and his wife died just 36 hours apart. Is this more than coincidence?“Part of the story, I suspect, is that we men are so used to ladies feeding us and taking care of us,“ says Knud Helsing, an epidemiologist at the Johns Hopkins Schoo
3、l of Public Health, “that when we lose a wife we go to pieces. We dont know how to take care of ourselves. “ In one of several studies Helsing has conducted on bereavement, he found that widowed men had higher mortality rates than married men in every age group. But, he found that widowers who remar
4、ried enjoyed the same lower mortality rate as men whod never been widowed.Womens health and resilience may also suffer after the loss of a spouse. In a 1987 study of widows, researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles, and UC, San Diego, found that they had a dramatic decline in level
5、s of important immune- system cells that fight off disease. Earlier studies showed reduced immunity in widowers.For both men and women, the stress of losing a spouse can have a profound effect. “All sorts of potentially harmful medical problems can be worsened,“ says Gerald Davison, professor of psy
6、chology at the University of Southern California. People with high blood pressure, for example, may see it rise. In Nixons case, Davison speculates, “the stroke, although not caused directly by the stress, was probably hastened by it.“ Depression can affect the surviving spouses will to live; suicid
7、e is elevated in the bereaved, along with accidents not involving cars.Involvement in life helps prolong it. Mortality, says Duke University psychiatrist Daniel Blazer, is higher in older people without a good social-support-system, who dont feel theyre part of a group or a family, that they “fit in
8、“ somewhere. And thats a more common problem for men, who tend not to have as many close friendships as women. The sudden absence of routines can also be a health hazard, says Blazer. “A person who loses a spouse shows deterioration in normal habits like sleeping and eat- rag,“ he says. “They dont h
9、ave that other person to orient them, like when do you go to bed, when do you wake up, when do you eat, when do you take your medication, when do you go out to take a walk? Your pattern is no longer locked into someone elses pattern, so it deteriorates.“While earlier studies suggested that the first
10、 six months to a year-or even the first week-were times of higher mortality for the bereaved, some newer studies find no special vulnerability in this initial period. Most men and women, of course, do not die as a result of the loss of a spouse. And there are ways to improve the odds. A strong sense
11、 of separate identity and lack of over-dependency during the marriage are helpful. Adult sons and daughters, siblings and friends need to pay special attention to a newly widowed parent. They can make sure that he or she is socializing, getting proper nutrition and medical care, expressing emotion a
12、nd, above all, feeling needed and appreciated.（分数：5.00）(1).According to researchers, Richard Nixons death wasA. caused by his heart problems. B. indirectly linked to his wifes death.C. the inevitable result of old age. D. an unexplainable accident.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The researches reviewed in the
13、passage suggest thatA. remarried men live healthier lives.B. unmarried men have the longest life spans.C. widowers have the shortest life spans.D. widows are unaffected by their mates death.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).One of the results of grief mentioned in the passage isA. loss of friendships. B. diminis
14、hed socializing.C. vulnerability to disease. D. loss of appetite.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The passage states that while married couples can prepare for grieving byA. being self-reliant. B. evading intimacy.C. developing habits. D. avoiding independence.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Helsing speculates that husban
15、ds suffer from the death of a spouse because they areA. unprepared for independence. B. incapable of cooking.C. unwilling to talk. D. dissatisfied with themselves.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.九、TEXT D(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Pundits who want to sound judicious are fond of warning against generalizing. Each country is dif
16、ferent, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly, all of these economies plunged into economic crisis within a few months of each other, so they must have had something in common.In fact, the logic of catastrophe was pretty much the same in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia
17、 and South Korea. (Japan is a very different story. ) In each case investors-mainly, but not entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans-all tried to pull their money out at the same time. The result was a combined banking and currency crisis, a banking crisis because no bank can convert a
18、ll its assets into cash on short notice, a currency crisis because panicked investors were trying not only to convert long-term assets into cash, but to convert baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge, inflation w
19、ould soar and companies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support their currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bust from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries split the difference-and paid a heavy price
20、regardless.Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Like most cliches, the catchphrase “crony capitalism“ has prospered because it gets at something real: excessively cozy relationships between government and business really did lead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive f
21、inancial structure of Asian business also made the economies peculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence. But the punishment was surely disproportionate to the crime, and many investments that look foolish in retrospect seemed sensible at the time.Given that there were no good policy options, was
22、the policy response mainly on the right track? There was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia seemed to be going wrong; now there is a race to claim credit when some things have started to go right. The International Monetary Fund points to Koreas recovery-and more generally to the fact th
23、at the sky didnt fall after all-as proof that its policy recommendations were right. Never mind that other IMF clients have done far worse, and that the economy of Malaysia-which refused IMF help, and horrified respectable opinion by imposing capital controls-also seems to be on the mend. Malaysias
24、Prime Minister, by contrast, claims full credit for any good news-even though neighbouring economies also seem to have bottomed out.The truth is that an observer without any ax to grind would probably conclude that none of the policies adopted either on or in defiance of the IMFs advice made much di
25、fference either way. Budget policies, interest rate policies, banking reform-whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no more money to run, the natural recuperative powers of the economies finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors who p
26、urported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst, they were like medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills.Will the patients stage a full recovery? It depends on exactly what you mean by “full“. South Koreas industrial production is already above its pre
27、-crisis level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Korean industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsayer. So if by recovery you mean not just a return to growth, but one that brings the regions performance back to something like what p
28、eople used to regard as the Asian norm, they have a long way to go.（分数：4.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writers opinion?A. Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken.B. Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma.C. Withdrawal of foreign ca
29、pital resulted in the crisis.D. Most governments chose one of the two options.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The writer thinks that those Asian countries_.A. well deserved the punishmentB. invested in a senseless way at the timeC. were unduly punished in the crisisD. had bad relationships between government a
30、nd business（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that IMF policy recommendations_.A. were far from a panacea in all casesB. were feasible in their recipient countriesC. failed to work in their recipient countriesD. were rejected unanimously by Asian countries（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A
31、t the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full recovery of the Asian economy is_.A.due B. remote C. imaginative D. unpredictable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.十、TEXT E(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary. Different occupations, howeve
32、r, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that
33、have worked themselves into the very fibre of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in
34、their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fi
35、fty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their mm. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom
36、get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild. The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associated freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is c
37、alled “popular science“ makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about itas in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless teleg
38、raphy. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.（分数：5.00）(1).Special words used in technical discussion _.A. never last long B. are considered artificial language speechC. should be confined to scientific fields D. may become part of common speech（分数
39、：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It is true that _.A. an educated person would be expected to know most technical termsB. everyone is interested in scientific findingsC. the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language not meant for himD. various professions and occupations often i
40、nterchange their dialects and jargons（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of technical terms in the terminology of _.A. farming B. sports C. government D. fishery（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The writer of the article was, no doubt _.A. a linguist B. an essayis
41、t C. a scientist D. an attorney（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors main purpose in the passage is to _.A. describe a phenomenon B. be entertainingC. argue a belief D. propose a solution（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.十一、PART GENERAL KNOWL(总题数：10，分数：10.00)2.The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decid
42、ed by _.A. teachers B. students C. headmasters D. boards of education（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.T. S. Eliot was NOT a_.A. poet B. playwright C. critic D. novelist（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Which of the following is NOT usually considered as a stem?A. Careless. B. Fair. C. Unselfishness. D. Responsibly.（分数：1.00）A.B.
43、C.D.5.In Britain, the Constitutional Monarchy was established afterA. the Industrial Revolution. B. the Religious Reformation.C. Norman Conquest. D. the Glorious Revolution.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The name Great Britain came into being during the time ofA. Annes Reign.B. the Glorious Revolution.C. the En
44、closure Movement.D. the War of Roses.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Kiwi, the flightless bird, is a symbol ofA. Canada. B. New Zealand.C. Ireland. D. Scotland.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Which of the following novel is NOT written by Henry Fielding?A. Joseph Andrews.B. The Life of Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great.C. The Hist
45、ory of Tom Jones, a Foundling.D. Clarissa, or the History of a Young Lady.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The worlds largest freshwater lake is LakeA. Superior B. Ontario C. Huron D. Michigan（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The Silicon Valley is situated in _.A. California B. New MexicoC. Florida D. Arizona（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1
46、1.The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication is_.A. morphology B. general linguisticsC. phonology D. semantics（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.十二、PART PROOFREADDING(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In a competitive and fast-paced modern society, busy businessexecutives are so engrossing in t
47、heir work that they hardly know (1) _what the word “leisure“ means. The higher an executives posi-tion is on the business ladder, the more hours he spends on hiswork. With a view to gaining greater corporate standing or a big (2) _pay rise, he, as a rule, far exceedsover the 40-hour working week. Th
48、e additional stress and tension (3) _as well as the shortage of suitable rest and recreation very often (4) _have a disastrous effect on his health. Few such executives rea-lize that unless they learn how to relax, they will soon run of (5) _steam before they get to the top of the executive ladder.
49、A not-ed American authority on leisure has said that “The key to relax-ation to busy executives is to avoid the types of activities that are (6) _part and parcel of their daily work and to devote themselves to-tally to have recreational pursuits for at least a part of each day, (7) _even it is only for half an hour. Those (8) _jobs require a great deal of contact with others can engage in ac- (9) _tivities that are quiet and peaceful far from
