1、专业八级-995 及答案解析(总分：93.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What Can We Learn from Art?. IntroductionA. Differences between general history and art history Focus: general history: (1) _ art history: political values, emotions, everyday life, etc.B. Significance o
2、f studyMore information and better understanding of human society and civilization. Types of informationA. Information in history book is (2) _ facts, but no opinionsB. Information in art history is subjective (3) _ and opinionse.g. Spanish painters works: misuse of governmental power Mexican mists
3、works: attitudes towards social problems Art as a reflection of religious beliefsA. Europe: (4) _ in pictures in churchesB. Middle East: pictures of flowers and patterns in mosques, palacesReason: human and (5) _ are not seen as holyC. Africa and the Pacific Islands: Masks, headdresses and costumes
4、in special ceremoniesPurpose: to seek the help of (6) _ to protect crops, animals and people. Perceptions of ArtHow people see art is related to their cultural backgroundA. Europeans and Americans (7)_ expression of ideasB. People in other places part of everyday life (8) _ use. Art as a reflection
5、of social changesA. Cause of changes: (9) _ of different culturesB. Changes tribal people: effects of (10) _ on art forms European artists: influence of African traditional art in their works American and Canadian artists: study of Japanese painting（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:
6、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Paul Ray said they discovered that a clear cultural change was happening in many areas except _.A. peoples lives B. environmental issuesC. consumption patterns D. media advertisements（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Ray, the official cultur
7、e is featured by _.A. small government B. dynamic mediaC. materialism D. the massive support from most Americans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why do cultural creatives regard themselves alone in the society?A. They are seldom mentioned by mass media.B. They dont express themselves.C. They have to sacrifice m
8、any things which are parts of their old lives.D. All of the above.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why are there so many women among Cultural Creatives, according to Ray?A. Because they are not burdened so much as men.B. Because they are more sensitive and feel more.C. Because they will push for change and for
9、a better world because of their husbands.D. Because they have more intelligence and skills.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Ray said he had been an activist, involved in _.A. anti-discrimination movement B. environmental movementC. non-violence movement D. human rights movement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：3
10、，分数：5.00)(1).What is the main idea of the news item?A. UK has trained far more nurses than it needs.B. UK is facing unemployment and downsizing.C. UK is losing its nurses to Australia in employment.D. UK should encourage nurses to work in Australia.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Howard Catton, wh
11、y do more nurses tend to work in Australia?A. Because of attractive salaries and a series of incentives.B. Because of starting salaries and recruitment activity.C. Because of the convenient air travel between two countries.D. Because of the permanent residency and accommodation.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1.Wh
12、ich of the following statements is CORRECT? U.S. lawmakers_.A. challenged the accord for freezing Pyongyangs nuclear programB. required the inspection of Pyongyang s nuclear site for at least five yearsC. were worried that North Korea may take advantage of the concessionsD. blamed the U. S. negotiat
13、or for making no compromises with North Korea（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).What is Mr. Sarkozys purpose of visiting Westminster Abby?A. To address both Houses of Parliament. B. To enjoy a glittering state banquet.C. To honor the unknown soldier. D. To meet Prince Charles and his wife.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Whi
14、ch of the following indicates the exact sequence of the places Sarkozy will visit?A. Windsor CastieWestminster AbbyRoyal GalleryB. Royal GalleryWestminster AbbyWindsor CastleC. Westminster AbbyWindsor CastleRoyal GalleryD. Westminster AbbyRoyal GalleryWindsor Castle（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING CO
15、MPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)As we have seen in earlier chapters, the American definition of success is largely one of acquiring wealth and a higher material standard of living. It is not surprising, therefore, that Americans have valued education for its monetary value. The belief is wi
16、de spread in the United States that the more schooling people have, the more money they will earn when they leave school. The belief is strongest regarding the desirability of an undergraduate university degree, or a professional degree such as medicine or law following the undergraduate degree. The
17、 money value of graduate degrees in “nonprofessional“ fields such as art, history, or philosophy is not as great.This belief in the monetary value of education is supported by statistics on income. Ben Wattenberg, a social scientist, estimated that in the course of a lifetime a man with a college de
18、gree in 1972 would earn about￥380. 000 more than a man with just a high school diploma. Perhaps this helps to explain Survey findings which showed that Americans who wished they had led their lives differently in some way regretted most of all that they did net get more education.The regret is share
19、d by those who have made it to the top and by those who have not. Journalist Richard Reeves quotes a black worker in a Ford automobile factory.“When I was in the ninth grade, I was getting bad grades and messing around. My father came home in the kitchen one night with a pair of Ford work punts and
20、he threw them in my face. Put these on, he said, because youre going to be wearing them the rest of your life if you dont get an education. “Douglas Fraser, the president of the United Auto Workers Union, regretted not finishing high school so much that he occasionally lied about it. He told Richard
21、 Reeves about his pride in graduating from high school, but then a few minutes later he said:“I wasnt telling the truth about high school. I never finished. I quit in the twelfth grade to take a job. Its funny after all these years, I still lie about it. Because the fact is, I still think it was a s
22、tupid thing to do. I should have finished my education.“Even a man like Fraser, a nationally known and successful leader, was troubled by regrets that he did not climb higher on the educational ladder.（分数：5.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage?A. Americans place a high value on education.B.
23、Americans believe it is possible, though difficult, to be successful without an advanced degree.C. Americans believe that the more the education, the higher the salary.D. A basic American value is acquiring material wealth.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following degrees would probably be most va
24、lued by Americans?A. A masters degree in literature. B. A masters degree in specialized fields.C. A masters degree in pure maths. D. A masters degree in anthropology.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The survey conducted by Ben suggested that people _ regretted most having not got more education.A. who hoped to
25、teach B. who were not content with their own way of livingC. who were proud of their social positions D. who had quit high schools too early（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).When the factory worker in the third paragraph was a teenager, his father _.A. wanted him to start earning a living B. wanted him to study
26、harderC. wanted him to work with him at the Ford plant D. wanted him to stop wearing such messy clothes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is TRUE about Douglas Fraser?A. He was proud to have finished high school education.B. He became a successful leader thanks to his education.C. He wished
27、 he hadnt dropped out of school.D. He was a liar.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brains physical deterioration.It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages,
28、 but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.“That may seem like bad news,“ said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at
29、 Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down.The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to
30、support a concept called the “reserve“ hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare.Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women aged
31、66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.“Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage,“ C
32、offey said. “People lose (on average) 2.5 percent adecade starting at adulthood.“There is, however, a “remarkable range“ of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, lie said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as
33、 medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood.In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withst
34、and greater loss.Coffey and colleagues ganged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid means the greater the cortical shrinkage. Controlling the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that educa
35、tion was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain.For example, Coffeys team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16
36、years of education had 8 percent to 10 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with those who had four years of schooling.Of course, achieving a particular education level is not the definitive measure of someones mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be “a proxy for many things“. More-
37、educated people, he noted, are often less likely to have habits, such as smoking, which harm overall health. But Coffey said that his teams findings suggest that like the body, the brain benefits from exercise. “The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects
38、 of (brain shrinkage) ,“ he said. “My hunch is that we can.“According to Coffey, people should strive throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing themselves to new experiences. Traveling is one way to stimulate the brain, he said; a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles.“A hot
39、 topic down the road,“ Coffey said, “will be whether education even late in life has a protective effect against mental decline.“Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown. In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper tha
40、n the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage.（分数：4.00）(1).According to this passage, all of the following factors could account for brain shrinkage EXCEPT _.A. mood B. high blood pressure C. alcohol D. age（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is true?A. The brai
41、n of an aged person shrinks 5% every 10 years.B. The brain of an adult person shrinks 2.5% every 10 years.C. The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 4 years of education may increase only slightly.D. The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 8 years of education may increase by 17.7 millimeters.（分数：
42、1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does Coffey mean by saying “education can be a proxy for many things “?A. Education level can help measure peoples mental capacity.B. Education is the direct factor preventing mental decline.C. Well-educated people are often healthy.D. Education is related to peoples overall he
43、alth via other things.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be concluded from the passage that education can _.A. enhance mental development B. protect the brain from mental declineC. prevent the brain from shrinking D. compensate for brain shrinkage（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The concern througho
44、ut the world in 1968 for those three whales that were locked in the Arctic ice was dramatic proof that whales, several species of which face extinction, have become subjects of considerable sympathy.These are the recorded voices of whales. These monstrous creatures have been trumpeting their songs,
45、one to another, in the worlds oceans since the dawn of time, while overhead, great empires and civilizations have come and gone. Now, their time of decline has come. It began a long time ago.Four-thousand-year-old rock carvings show that the people who lived in what is now Norway were probably the f
46、irst to seek out and kill whales in the sea, By around 890 AD, 3,000 years later, the practice had spread to the Basque people of France and Spain, who hunted whales from boats in the Bay of Biscay. In the centuries that followed, Whaling became an important industry in Denmark, England, Germany, th
47、e Netherlands, and, finally, in what would become America.Whaling went into dramatic decline, beginning around 1900. Today, whales are hunted commercially only by Norway, Iceland and Japan. The worlds fascination with them, however, is at an all-time high, because so few of them are left, given thei
48、r tragic history.Richard Ellis writes about whales, takes pictures of whales in the open sea, and sketches whales stranded on the beach. He says its a 20-year obsession that began in the mid-1960s, when he designed a model of a great blue for the Museum of Natural History in New York. “As I began to do the research, I realized that nobody knew anything about whales. And I couldnt really find any pictures of what they looked like: all I could find was pictures of dead whales. And I became very excited at the prospect of doing what seemed to be original research on something t
