1、专业八级-974 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Humanities DisciplinesIn many peoples eyes, the humanities disciplines seem to be dying out.However, actually, students continue to enroll in humanities courses andlots of scholarship is still published
2、. The humanities disciplines feeldislocated, because they appear to have lost their (1)_. (1) _And the most important one is exactly what those roots were.The history of higher education in the United States since (2)_ can (2) _be divided into 2 periods. The first period (19451975):A period of (3)_a
3、nd known in the literature on American (3) _education as the Golden Age, during which the composition of the highereducation system changed not too much, but the size of the system(4)_ dramatically. (4) _This expansion includes three factors:1) The baby boom: a period of record (5)_that followed a p
4、eriod of (5) _record low blah ratesthe (6)_and the Second World War; (6) _2) The relatively high domestic economic growth rate after (7)_; (7) _3) The Cold War: American university had been drawn into the business ofgovernment-related (8)_research during the Second World War. (8) _IL The second peri
5、od (1975present)A period of (9)_, during which the size of the system has grown at a much (9) _more (10)_pace, and the composition has changed dramatically. (10) _（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on a
6、n interview with a chief-editor. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).The interviewees first job was with_.（分数：1.00）A.a newspaperB.the governmentC.a construction firmD.a private company(2).The inte
7、rviewee is not self-employed mainly because_.（分数：1.00）A.his wife likes him to work for a firmB.he prefers working for the governmentC.self-employed work is very demandingD.self-employed work is sometimes insecure(3).To study architecture in a university one must_.（分数：1.00）A.be interested in artsB.st
8、udy pure science firstC.get good exam resultsD.be good at drawing(4).On the subject of drawing the interviewee says that_.（分数：1.00）A.technically speaking artists draw very wellB.an artists drawing differs little from an architectsC.precision is a vital skill for the architectD.architects must be nat
9、ural artists(5).The interviewee says that the job of an architect is_.（分数：1.00）A.more theoretical than practicalB.to produce sturdy, well-designed buildingsC.more practical than theoreticalD.to produce attractive, interesting buildings四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 9 to 10 are based on the foll
10、owing news item. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).According to Bush, The United States will help African nations strengthen their_.（分数：1.00）A.stock marketsB.motor industryC.financial marketsD.medicine factories(2).U
11、.S. President urged the U.S. Congress to play a key role in the fight against_ in Afric（分数：1.00）A.A. starvationB. AIDSC. discriminationD. unemploymentQuestions 7 and 8 are based on the following news item. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen t
12、o the news.（分数：2.00）(1).According to the news, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Former President of Russia Yeltsin died of a heart attack at 76.B.Bill Clinton and his wife are expected to attend on behalf of the United States.C.Ordinary Russians can pay their last respects to
13、 Mr. Yeltsin.D.Putin declared Wednesday a national day of mourning across Russi(2).Why have Russias media painted a mostly positive spin on Yeltsins life?（分数：1.00）A.To praise the political and economic freedoms he introduced.B.To praise his efforts to the countrys economy.C.To remember his devotion
14、to the countrys political development.D.To remember his work to the countrys common workers.1. Question 6 is based on the following news item. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.How many times has the House voted for a specific wit
15、hdrawal target date up to now?（分数：1.00）A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The music industry, hurt by a decline in CD sales and the continued free swapping of files on the Internet, took the drastic action last week filing more than 250 lawsuits agai
16、nst consumers. But whatever catharsis record executives and their lawyers may feel, the courts cannot solve the music industrys fundamental problem. Nor does the answer lie in getting people to pay for each music file they download from the Internet.Instead of clinging to late-20th-century distribut
17、ion technologies, like the digital disk and the down- loaded file, the music business should move into the 21st century with a revamped business model using innovative technology, several industrys experts say. They want the music industry to do unto the file-swapping services what the services did
18、unto the music companieseclipse them with better technology and superior customer convenience.Their vision might be called “everywhere Internet audio“. Music fans instead of downloading files on KaZaAwhether they were using computers, home stereos, radios or handheld devices-would have access to all
19、 music the record companies hold in their vaults. Listeners could request that any song be immediately streamed to them via the Internet.If consumers could do this, the argument goes, they would have no interest in amassing thousands of songs on their hard drives. There would be no “theft“ of music,
20、 because no one would bother to take possession of the song. To clinch music fans loyalty to the new system, and make them willing to pay for it, the music companies and the supporting industry would need to provide attractively priced, easy-to-use services to give consumers full access to the hundr
21、eds of thousands of songs available to them.Consumers could still ask for song titles or artists, as they do now on KaZaA. But they could also, for example request rock n roll tunes like Hat that appeared for more than three weeks in Billboards Top 10 during the 1960 s. Or they could ask for early 1
22、990s guitarists that sound like Eric Clapton, or new mists similar in style to Alanis Morissette.Requests could be intricate, like asking for music subsequently recorded by the original members of the Lovins Spoonful. Or they could be simple, like requesting light jazz for dinner-party background mu
23、sic. The system would be interactive and could learn each users tastes. As listeners voted thumbs up or down to tunes (should they choose to), the service would amend their personal libraries accordingly.If it worked, it would be as if we each had our own private satellite radio channelscustomizable
24、 collection of tunes for hundreds of millions of audiences of one. It is a compelling business model, and the current music companies, as the owners of the content, could be at the fore of the system.A tiny taste of such an approach is available on Internet radio networks like . On such services, li
25、steners can essentially customize a radio station to their individual tastes. But crucial to the future of everywhere Internet audio, many believe, lies in widespread wireless Internet access, because wireless means portability. “Wireless gives the record companies a chance to do it all over again,
26、and this time get it right,“ said Jim Griffin, the former head of technology at Geffen Records and now the chief executive of the music publisher Cherry Lane Digital. Mr. Griffin is also a founder of pholist.org, home of an active online discussion of music s future on the Internet.Many of the brigh
27、test industry insiders, academies, lawyers, musicians, industry critics, broadcasters and venture capitalists assemble at pholist.org daily to debate the music business beyond downloading. Many say wireless holds the key. Myriad portable devices already offer Internet access. Some, like the BlackBer
28、ry, maintain an always-on wireless Internet connection. Some business-oriented devices, like the Palm Tungsten, now play high-fidelity music in the MP3 format. Newer cellphones also offer MP3 functions, and include extra features like digital cameras and FM radios.The seers once thought portable dev
29、ices would connect to the Internet via cellphone technology. But it now appears that Hi-Fi hotspots,-wireless Internet access hubsmay eventually provide blanket cover- age in urban areas and became the dominant means of connection. But there are big obstacles to overcome. To make “everywhere Interne
30、t audio“ profitable, the music industry must develop a system to collect money from users and divide it fairly among performers, song-writers and others involved in creating music. How this would work is already causing hot debate. Mr. Griffin and many others in the pholist.org discussion advocate a
31、n Internet fee that would create a revenue pool to be distributed according to song popularity. Current recording industry sales in the United States work out to about $2.50 a month per person.As CDs sales declined, a digital musical Surcharge, or something similar, could be assessed by Intemet prov
32、iders. At regular intervals, the industry could sample what music is being streamed to users, to determine the distribution of money to the responsible parties. By using sampling, as opposed to detailed census techniques, listeners would not have to worry about invasions of their privacy. This idea
33、would turn the recording industrys business model upside down. Institutions are genetically averse to massive change. But the payoff could be huge. Right now, for example, the industry incurs large costs from its CD distribution model. The industry also has many intermediaries, including distributor
34、s and promoters. To take a band from obscurity to popularity is expensive, but that is what music labels must do if they want shelf space at the record store. Recording companies are in constant quest of superstars, because fewer than 10 percent of CDs released make a profit. Revenues generated by t
35、he best sellers must try to cover the losses incurred by less popular releases.In this context, the Internet could be a godsend to musicians as well. It can distribute a digital copy of a song to a few or to millions of listeners with virtually no cost difference. Music companies would have more inc
36、entive to nurture minor artists. As a society and culture, many argue, we would be much better served by such an approach.Market forces, alone would not produce such a system. It would take enormous industry cooperation, which could only occur with government approval, lest it be deemed a violation
37、of antitrust laws. The need for cooperation and leadership is clear. Children should not wind up in court because they are fanatical about their favorite pop stars. If the music industry devised an affordable, equitable, and convenient alternative to file sharing, the fans would come, money in hand.
38、（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, music industry should_.（分数：1.00）A.continue free swapping of files on the InternetB.continue to use late-20th-century distribution technologiesC.use more advanced technology and provide convenience to customersD.bring lawsuits against consumers for the music fil
39、es they download from the Internet(2).It is suggested that to make fans willing to pay for the music they get from the internet, the music companies and the related industry should do the following EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.give them full access to the music they likeB.provide acceptable pricesC.satisfy th
40、eir needs immediatelyD.permit them to possess the music in their own way(3)._ has tried such an approach as “everywhere Internet audio“.（分数：1.00）A.KaZaABC.pholist.orgD.Black Berry(4).Which of the following statements best explains “wireless holds the key“?（分数：1.00）A.Wireless Internet access is cruci
41、al to the development of music industry.B.Wireless telephone should be used universally.C.Wireless Internet connection is applicable without question.D.Wireless Internet connection will be the most profitable means of connection.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：1.00）A.CD sales are o
42、n the increaseB.for big profits music companies would not employ minor artists if they use “everywhere Internet audio“ systemC.many people assemble at pholist, org daily only to discuss downloading music on InternetD.the new system is applicable with government approval and industry cooperation七、TEX
43、T B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)If there was one thing Americans had a right to expect from Congress, it was a federal plan to help the elderly pay for prescription drugs. It is a promise that has been made again and againin particularly high decibels during the last presidential election. The House and Senate ha
44、ve passed bills, and although both are flawed, this page has urged Congress to finish work on them as a first step toward fulfilling this longstanding commitment.Unfortunately, things have changed. The government cannot afford the program now. That is the fault of President Bush and the Republican m
45、ajorities in the House and Senate. They broke the bank with their enormous tax cuts. The country is facing the largest budget deficit in history, and there is no realistic plan for getting it under control. The limited version of a prescription drug benefit now being considered in Congress would cos
46、t about $ 400 billion over 10 years.Older Americans had a right to expect that help, but they do not have a right to demand it, not when it would be financed by borrowing, with the hills to be paid by their grandchildren.Mr. Bush, a specialist in pain avoidance, told people that they could have the
47、programs they wanted- prescription drugs for the elderly, better schools for children-along with modest tax cuts for the middle class and whoppers for the wealthy. When 9/11 occurred, the president simply added the war on terror, and then the war on Saddam Hussein, to the list. For all his talk abou
48、t fiscal conservatism, Mr. Bush has never vetoed a spending bill, even the obscene $180 billion farm Subsidy program. To pay for it all, he simply increased the deficit.Deficits in and of themselves are not necessarily a problem, but the current one is frightening for two reasons. One is its size: projected at well above $ 500 billion for next year, and approaching 5 percent of the gross domestic product. The other is its permanence. Cutting taxes temporarily to fight the recession made sense, but the Bush t
