1、专业八级-1048 及答案解析(总分：99.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How to Become a More Effective LearnerThe best ways to become an effective learner:1. Memory Improvement Basicsa) Basic tips :improving focus, avoiding cram sessions etc.b) More lessons from (1) 2. Keep
2、 Learning and Practicing New Thingsa) One surefire way: to simply keep learningb) One way to keep new information: keep practicing and (2) it3. Learn in Multiple Waysa) Find a way to exercise the information both (3) b) Effect: to further cement the knowledge in your mind4. Teach What Youve Learned
3、to Another Persona) To teach is one of the best ways to learn somethingb) Start by (4) the information into your own words5. (5) Previous Learning to Promote New Learningrelational learning: relating new information to things you know.6. Gain Practical ExperienceBest ways to improve learning: put ne
4、w knowledge and skills into(6) 7. Look Up Answers Rather Than Struggle to Remembera) When you forget something, the best way is to find (7) b)Reason: trying to recall information results in learning the “errorstate“8. Understand How You Learn Besta) Recognize your learning habits and (8) b) Look at
5、materials 1o decide your suitable learning strategies.9. Use Testing to Boost Learninga) (9) actually helps you better remember what youve learnedb) Students who take tests have better long-term recall10. Stop Multitaskinga) Multitasking can actually make learning (10) b) Ways to avoid multitasking:
6、focusing your attention on the task at handcontinuing working for a predetermined amount of time.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).According to Dr. Adams, what should we have as an attainable goal of language learning?A. Spe
7、aking as fluently as a native speaker.B. Gaining proficiency in a foreign language.C. Learning a language well within a month.D. Learning words without active use of them.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is Dr. Adams suggestion to tap your learning potential?A. Following what a role model
8、 does. B. Learning new words in contexts.C. Knowing your own ways of learning. D. Reciting new vocabularies loudly.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).If you favor reading illustrated books to learn a language, you are primarilyA. an auditory learner. B. a visual learner.C. a tactile learner. D. an unusual learner
9、.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).When watching movies to learn English, you should NOTA. turn on the captions for reference.B. watch in the most relaxed possible way.C. pause when encountering new expressions.D. use an English-English dictionary.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the interview, which of the fol
10、lowing helps to better understand different accents?A. Following classroom instructions. B. Watching plenty of movies online.C. Breaking down cultural barriers. D. Backpacking around the world.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：4，分数：5.00)(1).The price drop of crude oil is beneficial in that it A. help
11、s to revitalize the world economy. B. promotes oil export to other nations. C. helps to push up the regional economy. D. provides an opportunity to the oil exporters.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).From the news, we can infer that those economic managers in Washington _ the recent state of crude markets. A. ar
12、e pessimistic about B. are indifferent to C. have underestimated D. are in favor of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1.Which of the following statements is NOT true about Ms. Tenberken, the founder of the school?A. She has a Masters degree. B. She is blind.C. She is a Dutch. D. She teaches Braille.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2
13、.According to the news, James Brown _.A. used to be a shoemakerB. grew up in a well-to-do familyC. supported the Civil Rights MovementD. was the God Father of Blues（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.What is the main message of the news item?A. Spain has implemented tougher immigration policies.B. Employers in Spain
14、 dont hire as many immigrants as before.C. Immigrants dont see many job opportunities in Europe.D. The numbers of immigrants dropped in Spain and France.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In March 1998 the Coca-Cola Bottling Company announced the appointment o
15、f a most unlikely new director to its board: Evander Holyfield, a former heavyweight boxing champion, best-known for having part of his ear bitten off in a bout by a fellow boxer, Mike Tyson. He was not the only top athlete at the time with a seat in the boardroom: Michael Jordan, a celebrated baske
16、tball player, was a director of Oakley, a sunglasses manufacturer.Boards have also recruited from the ranks of Hollywood. Disney appointed Sidney Poitier to its board in 1994, for example. Stretching the definition of celebrity a bit, General “Stormin“ Norman Schwarzkopf was appointed a director by
17、the Home Shopping Network in 1996. And you can take your pick from scores of politicians-turned-directors, including Al Gore, a former vice-president and a member of Apples board since 2003.Gerald Ford was a particularly enthusiastic collector of boardroom seats after he left the White House. While
18、on the board of American Express he stunned his fellow directors by asking Harvey Golub, the chief executive at the time, to explain the difference between “ equity“ and “revenue “, according to Vicky Wards new book on Lehman Brothers, “The Devils Casino“. This was perhaps not so surprising for a ma
19、n Lyndon Johnson once said had “played too much football with his helmet off“. But it prompts a broader thought about why companies recruit celebrity directors.Michael Eisner, the boss of Disney when Mr. Poitier joined the board, may have been right to say that the actors “talent is more than screen
20、 deep, “ and that his “election to our board brings us not only his exhaustive knowledge of the entertainment industry but the judgment and wisdom of an exceptional man. “ Even so, it would seem a reasonable assumption that the lack of business nous displayed by the late President Ford is more typic
21、al of the celebrity in the boardroom. So what is the point of having them?Because they increase the value of the firms whose boards they join, apparently. According to “Reaching for the Stars: The Appointment of Celebrities to Corporate Boards“, a new study by four American-based economists, simply
22、announcing that a celebrity joining a board gives the companys share price a boost. Disneys share price jumped by 4.2% on the day Mr. Poitier was appointed. But, for the more than 700 celebrity director appointments (out of over 70, 000 board appointments in all) that the study examines during 1985-
23、2006, the firms shares continued to outperform significantly over the subsequent one, two and three years.Why is this? In some cases a former president, say powerful connections and the ability to open the right doors were surely a factor. And, as Mr. Eisner claimed of Mr. Poitier, some celebrities
24、may bring relevant experience (the study muddies the waters somewhat by including several famous business people, such as Rupert Murdoch and Martha Stewart, within its definition of celebrity). On average, the study found a bigger impact on share prices when celebrity directors had “related“ experie
25、nce than when they had none. Yet “unrelated“ celebrity directors had a bigger impact on share prices than unrelated non-celebrities, To explain this, the economists point to the “visibility effect“ that appointing a celebrity hetps draw the attention of investors to a company which, all else being e
26、qual, increases demand for its shares and thus its share price. Certainly, a celebrity director seems to increase the proportion of a firms shares bought by institutional investors.So, should companies respond to this study by picking a few directors at random from the pages of People magazine, or b
27、eating a path to Brangelina Towers? It might work, at least for a while. On the other hand, surely sooner or later investors will realisc that if the appointment of a director who has nothing to offer but a famous name boosts a firms share price, it delivers a damning verdict on the value of the res
28、t of the board. Rather than a reason to cheer, perhaps the celebrity effect on companies shares should be seen instead as an indicator that boards are failing to do their job properly and that they contribute little in return for their generous pay. Or indeed those professional investors, who ought
29、to know better, are as starstruck as the readers of gossip magazines.（分数：5.00）(1).We can conclude that when appointed a director of the board, Gerald FordA. knew little about American Express. B. didnt know what to do and how to do.C. was lacking in basic concepts of economy. D. was made fun of by h
30、is fellow directors.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author gives the examples in the first three paragraphs toA. support the common view that famous faces have magical effect.B. show the celebrity effect of famous people on a companys board.C. guide the readers to explore the performance of celebrity direc
31、tors.D. stimulate the discussion on why famous people are appointed directors.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The authors attitude towards the appointment of Mr. Poitier is one ofA. disapproval. B. approval.C. ambivalence. D. disappointment.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements about the study
32、 mentioned in Paragraph 5 is CORRECT?A. The author has expressed reservations about the study.B. Related non-celebrities outperform unrelated celebrity directors.C. Ten percent of the newly appointed directors are celebrities.D. Celebrity directors may boost a companys share price continually.（分数：1.
33、00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author considers boards with celebrity effectA. unbearable. B. irresponsible.C. intelligent. D. lavish.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Near the end of a five-day tour of highly automated, high-tech Japanese factories, the American visitor was overwhelmed and feeling a litt
34、le interior. Watching a string of gleaming stereo sets move down an assembly line, he turned to the plant manager and said, “Gosh, even your industrial design is better than ours.“Ah, yes,“ replied the manager, “but America has treasures that Japan can never hope to possess.“You mean our mineral wea
35、lth and bountiful farms?“Ah, no. I was referring to Caltech and MIT.“Americas scientific institutions-its technological universities and government laboratories-are the envy of the world, producing ideas, devices and medicines that have made the U.S. prosperous, improved the lives of people around t
36、he globe and profoundly affected their perception of the world and the universe. This tremendous creativity is reflected in the technical reports that are published in scientific journals throughout the world. Fully 35% of them come from scientists doing their research at American institutions.Yet A
37、merican dominance can no longer be taken for granted, Many recent U.S. achievements and a- wards stem in large measure from generous research grants of the past, and any weakening of government and industry commitment to support of basic research count in the next few decades cost the nation its sci
38、entific leadership. Some slipping is already divalent. In high-energy physics, where Americans once reigned supreme, Western Europe now spends roughly twice as much money as the U. S. Result: the major high-energy physics discoveries of the past few years have been made not by Americans but by Europ
39、eans.Even so, money alone cannot guarantee scientific supremacy. Freedom of inquiry, an intellectually stimulating environment and continuous recruitment of the best minds must accompany it. That combination has been achieved in many U.S. institutions-educational, governmental and industrial-but per
40、haps no- where more successfully than at the National Institutes of Health, Bell Laboratories and Caltech.（分数：5.00）(1).Americas technological universities and government laboratories are generally _.A. loved by scientists in other parts of the worldB. disliked by scientists in other parts of the wor
41、ldC. admired by scientists in other parts of the worldD. jealous of scientists in other parts of the world（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?A. 35% of technical reports published in scientific journals are written by scientists doing their research
42、 in America.B. 35% of all scientific journals are issued by American scientific societies.C. 35% of all scientists come from America.D. 35% of all scientists are doing research at American institutions.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, in the competition for scientific leadership, _.A.
43、applied research is of the greatest significanceB. basic research is of the greatest significanceC. research in high-energy physics is of the greatest significanceD. research in high-tech fields is of the greatest significance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The example given in the third paragraph is mainly us
44、ed to show_.A. western Europe is spending more money than America in certain fieldsB. Europeans are making more discoveries than Americans in retain fieldsC. European scientists are more intelligent than American scientistsD. Americas scientific leadership is being replaced by European countries（分数：
45、1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is not mentioned as a necessary part to maintain Americas scientific leadership?A. Money. B. Combination of various disciplines.C. Joint efforts of the most intelligent scientists. D. Favorable academic atmosphere.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：6.00)It tak
46、es a while, as you walk around the streets of Nantes, a city of half a million people on the banks of the Loire River, to realize just what it is that is odd. Then you get it: there are empty parking slots, which is highly unusual in big French towns.Two decades of effort to make life more livable b
47、y dissuading people from driving into town has made Nantes a beacon for other European cities seeking to shake dependence on the automobile.The effects were clear recently during Mobility Week, a campaign sponsored by the European Union that prompted more than 1,000 towns across the Continent to tes
48、t ways of making their streets, if not car- free, at least manageable. “That is an awfully difficult problem,“ acknowledges Joel Crawford, an author and leader of the “car free“ movement picking up adherents all over Europe. “You cant take cars oat of cities until there is some sort of alternative i
49、n place. But there are a lot of forces pointing in the direction of a major reduction in car use, like the rise in fuel prices, and concerns about global warming.“Last week, proclaiming the slogan “In Town, Without my Car !“ hundreds of cities closed off whole chunks of their centers to all but essential traffic. Nantes closed just a few streets, preferr
