1、专业八级-1046 及答案解析(总分：88.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)HypnosisIn the office of a (1)_,a young man is regarded as the subject of an experiment in (1)_hypnosis: rushing about a small room, hiding himself behind a chair jumping on the desk,(2)_ (2)_the air wi
2、th his pencil. Why is he so strange? Because a fierce dog is at large in the room as the psychologist suggestedWhat hypnosis is. We must know the differences between the (3)_and the hypnotized (3)_person. First, the sleepwalker pays no attention to other people and does not take (4)_Sec- (4)_ond, th
3、e sleepwalker does not remember sleepwalking, while the hypnotized person rememberseverything that went on under hypnosis.Obviously, sleep and hypnosis are very different states of (5)_. But what exactly is (5)_hypnosis? After years of (6)_with hypnotism psychologists still do not have a firm answer
4、 to (6)_this question.Many people are (7)_with the process by which a person becomes hypnotized. The (7)_hypnotist induces a sleep-like condition by slowly (8)_the subject to relax and focus on the (8)_hypnotists suggestions. In hypnosis a subject often finds it easy to (9)_past events. Some (9)_doc
5、tors use information gained this way in treating mental illness. A hypnotized person is not asleep.At present scientists agree that a hypnotized person is more (10)_than usual. (10)_（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Nancy to
6、ok up the job of being a taxi driver in thatA. she had a car of her ownB. she had great abilities to driveC. drivers uniforms appealed to herD. it was her childhood dream（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to her, what was the most demanding about becoming a taxi driver?A. The right sense of direction.B.
7、 The sense of judgment.C. The skill of maneuvering.D. The size of vehicles.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).For Nancy, what is the best thing about her job?A. Seeing interesting buildings in the city.B. Being able to enjoy the world of nature.C. Driving in unsettled weather.D. Taking long drives outside the cit
8、y.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the interview that Nancy is a(n)_mother.A. uncaring B. severeC. loving D. permissive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The people Nancy meets are_.A. hard to pleaseB. bad-mannered to women driversC. talkative and generous with tipsD. different in personality（分数：1.00）
9、A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：4，分数：6.00)(1).Why did Winfrey bring in many top Hollywood celebrities?A. Because she couldnt make the show alone.B. Because it was her final show.C. Because rumors got around about them.D. Because it was the prelude to the finale.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is the main idea of
10、the news?A. U.S. television star Oprah Winfrey invited many Hollywood celebrities to her talk show.B. Oprah Winfreys famous talk show has been ended this week.C. Oprah Winfrey told the audience her feelings and lessons.D. Oprah Winfrey became the third most powerful woman in the world last year.（分数：
11、1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).Why are 14 teams of experts from the Federal Emergency Management Agency evaluating the damage?A. To find out the lost people and animals. B. To criticize the authoritys poor response.C. To assess the federal assistance needed. D. To make clear the investment in agriculture.（分数：1.00
12、）A.B.C.D.(2).Hurricane Katrina in August of 2005 killed more than 1,800 people _.A. in Georgia B. in New YorkC. along the Nile D. along the Gulf Coast（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1.Which of the following statements is true?A. The wounded woman was dead on the way to the hospital.B. In the second shooting, the m
13、an was deadly wounded.C. The police have no evidence to show the shootings were gang-related.D. The condition of the child in the first shooting is not available this morning.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The attacks in London have made Americans _.A. sorrowful B. hateful C. alert D. regretful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.
14、五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Although it is now possible to bring most high blood pressure under control, the muses of essential hypertension remain elusive. Understanding how hypertension begins is at least partly a problem of understanding when in life it begins, and t
15、his may be very early-perhaps within the first few months of life. Since the beginning of the century, physicians have been aware that hypertension may run in families, but before the 1970s, studies of the familial aggregation of blood pressure treated only populations 15 years of age or older. Few
16、studies were attempted in younger persons because of a prevailing notion that blood pressures in this age group were difficult to measure and unreliable and because essential hypertension was widely regarded as a disease of adults.In 1971, a study of 700 children, ages 2 to 14, used a special blood
17、pressure recorder which minimizes observer error and allows for standardization of blood pressure readings. Before then, it had been well established that the blood pressure of adults aggregates familially, that is, the similarities between the blood pressure of an individual and his siblings are ge
18、nerally too great to be explained by chance. The 1971 study showed that familial clustering was measurable in children as well, suggesting that factors responsible for essential hypertension are acquired in childhood. Additional epidemiological studies demonstrated a clear tendency for the children
19、to retain the same blood pressure patterns, relative to their peers, four years later. Thus, a child with blood pressure higher or lower than the norm would tend to remain higher or lower with increasing age.Meanwhile, other investigators uncovered a complex of physiologic roles-including blood pres
20、sure-for a vasoactive (作用于血管的)system called the kallikrein-kinin(血管舒缓酶激酞原)system. Kallikreins are enzymes in the kidney and blood plasma which act on precursors (先兆) called kininogens to produce vasoactive peptides(酞)called kinins. Several different kinins are produced, at least three of which are p
21、owerful blood vessel dilators. Apparently, the kallikrein-kinin system normally tends to offset the elevations in arterial pressure that result from the secretion of salt-conserving hormones such as aldosterone(醛固酮) on the one hand and from activation of the sympathetic nervous system (which tends t
22、o constrict blood vessels) on the other hand.It is also known that urinary kallikrein excretion is abnormally low in subjects with essential hypertension. Levels of urinary kallikrein in children are inversely related to the diastolic blood pressures of both children and their mothers. Children with
23、 the lowest kallikrein levels are found in the families with the highest blood pressure. In addition, black children tend to show somewhat lower urinary kallikrein levels than white children, and blacks are more likely to have high blood pressure. There is a great deal to be learned about the bioche
24、mistry and physiologic roles of the kallikrein-kinin system. But there is the possibilitythat essential hypertension will prove to have biochemical precursors.（分数：4.00）(1).The author is primarily concerned with_.A. questioning the assumption behind certain experiments involving children under the ag
25、e of 15B. describing the new scientific findings about high blood pressure and suggesting some implicationsC. describing two different methods for studying the causes of high blood pressureD. revealing a discrepancy between the findings of epidemiological studies and laboratory studies on essential
26、hypertension（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The argument in the passage leads most naturally to which of the following conclusions?A. A low output of urinary kallikrein is a likely cause of high blood pressure in children.B. The kallikrein-kinin system plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressur
27、e.C. Essential hypertension may have biochemical precursors which may be useful predictors in children.D. The failure of the body to produce sufficient amounts of kinins is the cause of essential hypertension.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author refers to the somewhat lower urinary kallikrein levels in b
28、lack children in order to_.A. support the thesis that kallikrein levels are inversely related to blood pressureB. highlight the special health problems involved in treating populations with high concentrations of black childrenC. offer a causal explanation for the difference in urinary kallikrein le
29、vels between black and white childrenD. suggest that further study needs to be done on the problem of high blood pressure among black adults（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The evidence that a child with blood pressure higher or lower than the norm would tend to retain the same blood pressure pattern with incre
30、asing age is introduced by the author in order to_.A. suggest that essential hypertension may have biochemical causesB. show that high blood pressure can be detected in children under the age of 15C. provide evidence that factors affecting blood pressure are already present in childrenD. propose tha
31、t increased screening of children for high blood pressure should be undertaken（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It was said by Sir George Bernard Shaw that “England and America are two countries separated by the same language.“ My first personal experience of this was when I worked as a camp c
32、ounselor for two months in 2000 in Summer Camp run by the Boy Scouts of America, as part of an international leader exchange scheme. Before I went, all the participants ha the scheme were given a short list of words that are in common use in the UK which Americans would either be confused by or woul
33、d even offend them. I memorized the words and thought “Ill cope“.When I finally arrived in the States three months later, I realized that perhaps a lifetime of watching American television was not adequate preparation for appreciating and coping with the differences between American and British spee
34、ch. In the first hour of arriving at the camp I was exposed to High School American English, Black American English and American English spoken by Joe Public, all every different to each other. Needless to say, I did cope in the end. The Americans I met were very welcoming and helpful, and I found t
35、hey were patient with me when I made a social faux pas when I used an inappropriate word or phrase.Upon my return I began to wonder whether anyone had documented the differences between American and British English. I found several books on the subject but often these were written in a dry and acade
36、mic way. I felt that I could do better and use my sense of humor and personal experiences to help people from both sides of Atlantic to communicate more effectively when they meet.My research into the subject led me to several conclusions.Firstly, American English and British English are covering, t
37、hanks to increased transatlantic travel and the media. The movement of slang words is mostly eastwards, though a few words from the UK have been adopted by the Ivy League fraternities. This convergent trend is a recent one dating from the emergence of Hollywood as the predominant film making center
38、in the world and also from the Second World War when large numbers of American GIs were stationed in the UK. This trend was consolidated by the advent of television. Before then, it was thought that American English and British English would diverge as the two languages evolved. In 1789, Noah Webste
39、r stated that: “Numerous local causes, such as a new country, new associations of people, new combinations of ideas ha the arts and some intercourse with tribes wholly unknown in Europe will introduce new words into the American tongue.“ He was fight, but his next statement has since been proved to
40、be incorrect. “These causes will produce in the course of time a language in North America as different from the modern Dutch, Danish and Swedish are from the German or from one another.“Webster had underrated the amount of social intercourse between England and her former colony. Even before Webste
41、r had started to compile his dictionary, words and expressions from the America had already infiltrated the British language, for example “canoe“ and “hatchet“.Secondly, there are some generalizations that can be made about American and British English which can reveal the nature of the two nations
42、and their peoples. British speech tends to be less general, and directed more, in nuances of meaning, attendant murmurings and pauses, carries a wealth of shared assumptions and attitudes. In other words, the British are preoccupied with their social status within society and speak and act according
43、ly to fit into the social class they aspire to. This is particularly evident when talking .to someone from “the middle class“ when he points out that he is “upper middle class“ rather than “middle class“ or “lower middle class“. John Major (the former UK Prime Minister) may have said that we are now
44、 living in a “classless society“ but the class system still prevails. At that moment both he and the Leader of the Opposition, Tony Blair, were talking about capturing the “middle England“, “middle class vote“ as the key to winning the next general election. American speech tends to be influenced by
45、 the over-heated language of much of the media, which is designed to attach an impression of exciting activity to passive, if sometimes insignificant events. Yet, curiously, really violent activity and life-changing events are hidden in blind antiseptic tones that serve to disguise the reality. Two
46、examples come readily to mind-the US Military with their “friendly fire“ and “collateral damages“ and the business world with their “downsizing“. British people tend to understatement whereas Americans towards hyperbole. A Briton might respond to a suggestion with a word such as “Terrific! “ only if
47、 he is expressing rapturous enthusiasm, whereas an American might use the word merely to signify polite assent.Thirdly, The American language has less regard than the British for grammatical form, and will happily bulldoze its way across distinctions rather than steer a path between them. American E
48、nglish will casually use one form of a word for another, for example turning nouns into verbs or verbs and nouns into adjectives.（分数：5.00）(1).The sentence “England and America are two countries separated by the same language“ in the fast paragraph implies thatA. England and America used to be one country but were separated by the language.B. England and America share the same language but the language separates them.C. England and America share the same language but show differences in the language use.D. British English and American English are almost the same in the two co
